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(EAP)English for Academic Purposes EVIDENCE BASED ARGUMENTS

 the language and associated practices  academic text is that opinions are
that people need in order to undertake based on a sound understanding of the
study or work in English medium high pertinent body of knowledge
education.
THESIS DRIVEN
FORMAL LANGUAGE (FORMALITY)
 particular perspective, idea or position
 no colloquialism and contractions applied to the chosen research
 used for academic and professional problem
purposes
FEATURES OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT
INFORMAL LANGUAGE
COMPLEXITY
 more casual and spontaneous
 more lexical words than grammatical
SOCIAL (INFORMAL)  uses longer, more complex phrases

 sentences start with “but” and “and’ OBJECTIVITY


 use of slang words; “guys” “cool”
 emphasis should be on the information
ACADEMIC (FORMAL)  use of the third person than first

 more sophisticated vocabulary IMPERSONALITY


 starts “however” “moreover” and “in
 avoid making statements that are not
addition”
supported
NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
EXPLICITNESS
STRUCTURE
 organization of the ideas
 introduction, body, and introduction  relationship and connection
 academic writing a clear structure and  indicates source of the idea
a logical flow are imperative to a
HEDGING
cohesive text
 tentativeness and possibility
TONE
 cautious or vague language
 refers to the attitude conveyed  have not acclaimed yet
 describe the argument accurately
PRECISION
without loaded or biased language
 specifying information, dates or figures
LANGUAGE
ACCURACY
 use unambiguous language
 Formal language and the third person  free from grammatical error
point- of-view should be used.  correct and appropriate words
CITATION SUMMARIZING- general idea in a brief form
 essential to always acknowledge the 1. SOMEBODY WANTED BUT SO
source of any ideas, research findings, 2. STATE ASSIGN ACTION COMPLETE
data, or quoted text that have been 3. 5 W’S 1H
used in a paper as a defense against 4. FIRST THEN FINALLY
allegations of plagiarism 5. GIVE ME THE GIST
STRUCTURES OF PARAGRAPHS - Analyzes and discusses
- Contains recommendation
PARAGRAPHS

 are a collection of sentences that deal


mostly with one topic or idea at a time

PARTS OF PARAGRAPHS

 TOPIC SENTENCE
- presents the main point of the
paragraph
 SUPPORTING SENTENCES
- support the main idea of the
paragraph
 TRANSITIONAL SENTENCES
- pave the way to the next idea in the
next paragraph
 CONCLUDING SENTENCES
- close out the main idea by summing
up the main idea

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT OF
PARAGRAPHS

 ILLUSTRATION
 DEFINITION
 CLASSIFICATION
 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
 PROCESS
 DESCRIPTIVE

STRUCTURING IMRaD

IMRaD

- Introduction, methods, results,


discussion, with a conclusion
- Explaining the topic and its intended
purpose
- Contains the context of the study
- Include the background of the study
- Aim(s) of the study
- Explanation of how aims were fulfilled
and answered
- Methods used to collect data and
ways to analyze data
- Research design of the study
- Objectively presents result
- Presents data using charts, figures,
and/or tables
- Reminds readers of the topic study

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