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5 Phe Course Content 5

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COURSE CONTENT 5

GYMNASTICS
History and development
Gymnastics comprises series of specialized useful motor skills. The history of the
origin of Gymnastics can be traced to 2600bc. This was when the Chinese
developed some Gymnastics activities mainly for medical purposes and as physical
fitness exercises.
The record has it that, the actual development of Gymnastics began in the early
Greek and roman periods of history. The ancient Greece gymnasts and athletes
compete in Olympics game every four years. The Greek education gave
consideration to Gymnastics in their educational training programme.
The roman gave consideration to Gymnastics in their military training. They took
example from the Greeks and used various Gymnastics activities for the training of
their youths.
Over the years enormous changes has taken place in the history of Gymnastics.
Today, Gymnastics take important place in the school and sports programmes.
More Gymnastics equipment have discovered and designed while Gymnastics
Sports have become very important and standardized events.
Gymnastics have been the major activities used for aerobics exercises in which for
most people engaged for fitness programme.

Gymnastics is physical activities/ exercises that individual engage in for the


development of the body. Gymnastics activities are self-testing in nature. It is also
involves vigorous body movement of agility, strength, flexibility, body co-
ordination, power, courage, balance and determination.

Gymnastics is taking place in a Gymnasium.


Gymnast is a person who takes part in Gymnastics.

REQUIREMENTS FOR A GYMNAST


 Agility
 Co-ordination
 Concentration
 Flexibility
 Physical strength
 Endurance
 Alertness
 Knowledge of the activities
 Balancing.

VALUES OF GYMNASTICS
 It develops the muscles of the arms, shoulders, chest and abdomen.
 It develops physical strength and power.
 It develops physical fitness, agility and flexibility.
 It develops the ability to co-ordinate and balance.
 It develops courage.
 It develops means of livelihood.
 It develops ability to break fall.
 It is designed for alertness.
 It is for development of skills that are useful for sports and games.

TYPES OF GYMNASTICS ACTIVITIES


The gymnastics activities are divided under the following groups:
 Stunts/Agility: These are the basic gymnastics activities that are performed
on the ground/floor. They can be either perform individual or with partners.
Examples are as follows:
(a) Individual stunts
(i) Banana jump
(ii) Crab walk
(iii) Duck walk
(iv) Crouch balance
(v) Cat walk/crawl
(vi) Frog jump
(vii) Cycling in the air
(viii) Chinese sitting and get up
(ix) Elbow balance
(x) Hop position
(xi) Toes touching
(xii) Crab stand
(xiii) Head stand
(xiv) Hand stand
(xv) Astride yard stand
(xvi) Stoop standing
(xvii) Cart wheel
(b) Pair/partner stunts
(i) See saw
(ii) Duck fight
(iii) Wheel barrow walk
(iv) Partner pull
(v) Hopping tug-of –war
(vi) Elbow tug-of-war
(vii) The obstacle mule
(viii) Pushing contest
(ix) Lift the log
(x) Shoulder balance in pairs
(xi) Neck pull
(xii) Kangaroo march
(xiii) Simple knee balance
(xiv) Sit up
 Tumbling: These are the basic gymnastics activities that involve the
mechanics of rolling, turning, twisting and springing the body. It is the
acrobatic type of gymnastics that natural and challenging. It produces fun
and enjoyment. Examples are as follows:
(i) Cart wheel
(ii) Forward roll
(iii) Backward roll
(iv) Front somersault
(v) Back somersault
(vi) Hand stand
(vii) Head stand
(viii) Head spring
(ix) Hand spring
(x) Neck spring
(xi) Dive forward
(xii) Crab stand
(xiii) Crouch stand
 Vaulting: These are the basic gymnastics activities that involves jump over
an apparatus in a single movement with hands resting on it. It is perform
with a double take- off and involves the use of both hands on the apparatus.
Examples are as follows:
(i) Through vault
(ii) Thief vault
(iii) Side vault
(iv) Astride vault
(v) Over swing vault
(vi) Cat swing
(vii) Neck spring
(viii) Head spring
(ix) Reverse astride vault
(x) Horizontal astride vault
 Apparatus activities: These are the basic gymnastics activities that are
performed with apparatus. Examples are as follows:
(i) Activities on balancing beam: walk on beam, rabbit walk on beam,
sideway walk on beam, cat walk on beam.
(ii) Vaulting box activities: through vault, astride vault, cat spring, hand
spring, head spring.
(iii) Rope activities: climbing, hanging, chinning, swinging, skipping, tug-
of- war, stand on rope.
(iv) Parallel bar activities: jump to straddle seat, dips, pull- up, straight
arm support, upper arm support.
(v) Horizontal bar activities: hands grips, chinning, hang and drop, front
support.
(vi) Trampoline activities: tuck bouncing, pike bouncing, seat drop, kneel
drop, half turntable, cradle, front somersault, back somersault.

GYMNASTICS APPARATUS
Gymnastics apparatus are those equipment used to perform Gymnastics activities.
Examples are as follows:
(i) Vaulting box
(ii) Gymnastics mat
(iii) Parallel bar
(iv) Un-even bar
(v) Trampoline
(vi) Balancing beam
(vii) Horizontal bar
(viii) Side horse
(ix) Gymnastics rope
(x) Rings and hoops
(xi) Gymnastics bench
(xii) Medicine ball
(xiii) Bean bag
(xiv) Agility mattress
(xv) Chair and stool
(xvi) Vaulting horse
(xvii) Pommel horse

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