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    حُرُوْفُ الجَرّ (The particles of jarr)

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    Radiah Zaman
    The document discusses particles of jarr (حروف الجر) in Arabic grammar. It explains that particles of jarr are words that add meaning to other words and cause jarr, or linkage, in the word after it. Some common particles of jarr include min, ila, an, alaa, fee, rubba, b, k, and l. The document provides examples of how each particle is used and its meaning. It concludes by asking questions about the particles of jarr and their usage in oaths and in passages from the Quran.

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    حُرُوْفُ الجَرّ (The particles of jarr)

    Uploaded by

    Radiah Zaman
    342 views5 pages
    The document discusses particles of jarr (حروف الجر) in Arabic grammar. It explains that particles of jarr are words that add meaning to other words and cause jarr, or linkage, in the word after it. Some common particles of jarr include min, ila, an, alaa, fee, rubba, b, k, and l. The document provides examples of how each particle is used and its meaning. It concludes by asking questions about the particles of jarr and their usage in oaths and in passages from the Quran.

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    The document discusses particles of jarr (حروف الجر) in Arabic grammar. It explains that particles of jarr are words that add meaning to other words and cause jarr, or linkage, in the word after it. Some common particles of jarr include min, ila, an, alaa, fee, rubba, b, k, and l. The document provides examples of how each particle is used and its meaning. It concludes by asking questions about the particles of jarr and their usage in oaths and in passages from the Quran.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    342 views5 pages

    حُرُوْفُ الجَرّ (The particles of jarr)

    Uploaded by

    Radiah Zaman
    The document discusses particles of jarr (حروف الجر) in Arabic grammar. It explains that particles of jarr are words that add meaning to other words and cause jarr, or linkage, in the word after it. Some common particles of jarr include min, ila, an, alaa, fee, rubba, b, k, and l. The document provides examples of how each particle is used and its meaning. It concludes by asking questions about the particles of jarr and their usage in oaths and in passages from the Quran.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Ultimate Arabic

    Taking your Arabic studies higher

    ‫( ُح ُر ْو ُف الَج ّر‬The particles of jarr)


    February 26, 2016 by ultimatearabic (https://ultimatearabic.com/author/ultimatearabic/)

    Earlier, in Signs of the ‫( اسم‬https://ultimatearabic.com/signs-of-a-


    noun/), we learned that if we see one of the ‫( حروف الجّر‬particles of jarr)
    before a word, we know that word’s an ism. Some people like to
    translate ‫ حروف الَج ّر‬as “prepositions”, but I don’t because not every
    preposition is a particle of jarr and not every particle of jarr is a
    preposition. A particle of jarr is simply a word that:

    1. adds a meaning to other words (as we learned in Verbs and


    Particles (http://ultimatearabic.com/verbs-and-particles/))
    2. causes jarr in the word after it

    From the Ajurroomiyyah:

    ‫ َو ِه َي اْلواُو‬, ‫َو ِه َي ِم ْن َو إلى َو َع ْن َو َع َلى َو ِف ْي َو ُر َّب َو اْلباُء َو اْلَكاُف َو اَّلالُم َو ُح ُر ْو ُف اْلَق ْس ِم‬
    ‫َو اْلباُء َو الَّت اُء‬

    And they (the particles of jarr) are ‫( ِم ْن‬min), ‫( إلى‬ilaa), ‫‘( َع ْن‬an), ‫َع لى‬
    (‘alaa), ‫( ِف ْي‬fee), ‫( ُر َّب‬rubba), the letter ‫ب‬, the letter ‫ك‬, the letter ‫ل‬, and
    the particles of taking oath, and they are the letter ‫و‬, the letter ‫ب‬, and
    the letter ‫ت‬.

    Below are particles of jarr, along with some of their meanings. It’s not
    an exhaustive list, but it should give you a good idea.
    ‫ِم ْن‬
    Starting or beginning, such as in ‫( ساَف رُت ِم َن القاِه َر ِة‬I traveled from
    Cairo).

    ‫إلى‬
    Ending, such as in ‫( ساَف رُت إلى اإلسَكنَد ِرَّي ِة‬I traveled to Alexandria).

    ‫َع ْن‬
    Going past/beyond something, such as in ‫( َرَم يُت الَس هَم َع ِن الَق وِس‬I
    shot the arrow past the bow).

    ‫َع لى‬
    Rising or going up, such as in ‫( َص ِع دُت َع لى الَج َب ِل‬I climbed up the
    mountain).

    ‫ِف ْي‬
    Frame of time or place, such as in ‫( الماُء ِف ي الُكوِز‬Water is in the jug)

    ‫ُر َّب‬
    Reducing or lessening, such as in ‫( ُر َّب َرُج ٍل َكريٍم قاَب َلِن ي‬But few a
    generous man has met me)

    ‫ِب‬
    Used to give an object to a verb that normally doesn’t take an
    object, such as in ‫( َم َر رُت ِب الواِد ي‬I passed by the river bed)
    Verbs that don’t take an object are called “intransitive” (they don’t
    transition over to an object), and we have that in English too.

    Running, thinking, smiling are all intransitive (don’t actually need


    something to do them to). Hitting and eating are transitive
    because you need something to do them to.
    The verb ‫( َم َّر‬to pass on) is intransitive. By using the particle ‫ب‬, we
    can make it transitive.

    ‫َك‬
    Resemblance, such as in ‫( َليَلى َكالَب دِر‬Layla is like the full moon)

    ‫ِل‬
    Ownership, as in ‫( الماُل ِلُم َح َّم ٍد‬The wealth belongs to Muhammad)
    Specification, as in ‫( الباُب ِل لداِر‬The door is for the house) as ‫الَح ِص يُر‬
    ‫( ِل لَم سِج ِد‬The mat is specifically for the masjid).
    Deservingness, as in ‫( الَح مُد ِهّلِل‬Allah deserves the praise)

    In addition to this are 3 particles that are used to make oaths:

    ‫ – َو‬It only comes with explicit ‫’اسم‬s and not hidden ones
    (i.e. pronouns), such as in
    ‫( َو اِهلل‬By Allah…)
    ‫( َو الُط وِر َو ِك تاٍب َم سُط وٍر‬By the mount and an inscribed book)
    ‫( َو الِت يِن َو الَز يُت وِن َو ُط وِر ِس يِن يَن‬By the fig, olive and Mount Sinai)
    ‫ – ِب‬Not restricted to one or the other, rather it can precede
    an apparent ism, such as in ‫( ِب اِهلل أَل جَت ِه َد َّن‬By Allah, I will
    certainly strive)
    a pronoun, such as ‫( ِب َك أَل ضِر َب َّن الُكُس وَل‬By You, I will certainly hit
    the lazy one)
    ‫ – َت‬It only precedes the name ‫اهلل‬, such as in ‫َت اِهلل أَل ِك يَد َّن أصناَم ُكم‬

    If you look at a page of any Arabic work, you’ll find plenty of ‫حروف الجّر‬.
    They are everywhere in the language, so that’s why it’s important to be
    familiar with them and their meanings. Here’s how they appear on a
    page from the Quran (Surah 6:138-142):

    We’ve covered indicators that show that a word is an ism. Next come
    indicators that show that a word is a ‫فعل‬.

    Questions
    1. What meaning do the following particles give?
    ‫ِم ن‬

    ‫ل‬
    ‫ك‬
    ‫ُر َّب‬
    ‫َع ن‬
    ‫ِف ي‬
    2. What kinds of ism‘s does the ‫ و‬of oaths come with?
    3. What kinds of ism‘s does the ‫ ت‬of oaths come with?
    4. Give two different examples oaths using ‫ب‬.
    5. Find examples of ‫ ُح روف الَج ّر‬in a page from the Quran

    Until next time, ‫السالم عليكم و رحمة اهلل و بركاته‬

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