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AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

PHYSICS_CLASS XII
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Section A: Multiple Choice Qs
1. A wire with a resistance of 20 Ώ is drawn out so that its length becomes thrice its original
length. The new resistance is:
(a) 60 Ώ (b ) 180 Ώ (c) 2 Ώ (d) 18 Ώ

2. Two identical resistors are connected in parallel then connected in series. The effective
resistances are in the ratio:
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1

3. In an electric circuit containing a battery, the charge (assumed positive) inside the battery:
a) always goes form the positive terminal to the negative terminal.
b) may move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.
c) always goes from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
d) does not move.

4. From the following the quantity which is analogous to temperature in electricity is:
(a) potential (b) resistance (c) current (d) charge

5. The flow of the electric current through a metallic conductor is:

(a) only due to electrons.
(b) only due to +ve charges.
(c) due to both nuclei and electrons.
(d) None

6. If galvanometer and battery are interchanged in a balanced Wheatstone bridge, then:

(a) the battery discharges.
(b) the bridge still balances.
(c) the balance point is changed.
(d) the galvanometer is damaged due to flow of high current.

7. A metre bridge is balanced with known resistance in the right gap and a metal wire in the
left gap. If the metal wire is heated, then the balance point:
(a) shifts towards left.
(b) shifts towards right.
(c) does not change.
(d) may shift towards left or right.
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8. If the value of potential gradient on potentiometer wire is decreased, then the new null point
will
be obtained at:
(a) lower length (b) higher length (c) same length (d) nothing can be
said

9. Current flows in a wire of circular cross section with the free electrons travelling with drift
velocity v. If an equal current flows in a wire of twice the radius, new drift velocity is:
(a) v (b) v/2 (c) v/4 (d) 2v

10. A wire is stretched until its radius decreases by 3%. The percentage increase in resistance is:
(a) 10% (b) 9% (c) 6% (d) 12%

11. A conductor has a non-uniform cross-section as shown in the figure. A steady current is
flowing through it. Then the drift speed of the electrons:

(a) is constant throughout the wire.

(b) varies unpredictably.
(c) decreases from P & Q.
(d) increases from P to Q.

12. A carbon resistor has colour strips as Violet, Yellow, Red and Golden. The resistance is:
(a) 641 Ώ (b) 741 Ώ (c) 704 Ώ (d) None

13. Two wires of same material have length L and 2L and cross–sectional areas 4A and A
respectively. The ratio of their specific resistance would be:
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 8 : 1 (c) 1 : 8 (d) 1 :1

14. Two cells when connected in series are balanced at 8m on a potentiometer wire. If the
polarities of one of the cells is reversed, they balance at 2m. The ratio of EMFs of the two
cells is:
(a) 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 3 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 4 : 3

15. The temperature coefficient of resistance for a wire is 0.00125 0C-1. At 27°K, its resistance is
1 ohm. The temperature at which the resistance becomes 2 ohm is:
(a) 1154 K (b) 1100 K (c) 1400 K (d) 1127 K

16. A cell supplies a current of 0.9 A through a 2 W resistor and a current of 0.3 A through 7 W
resistor. The internal resistance of the cell is:
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(a) 2.0 W (b) 1.5 W (c) 0.5 W (d) 1 W

17. For a cell of EMF 2 V, balance is obtained for 50 cm of the potentiometer wire. If the cell is
shunted by a 2 W resistor and the balance is obtained across 40 cm of the wire, then the
internal resistance of the cell is:
(a) 1 W (b) 0.5 W (c) 1.2 W (d) 2.5 W
18. Wheatstone bridge experiment is most sensitive, when:
(a) All four resistances are approximately equal.
(b) One of the resistances is very high as compared to others.
(c) One of the resistances is very low as compared to others.
(d) Any two resistances are equal to infinity.

19. Kirchhoff’s II law for the electric network is based on:

(a) Law of conservation of charge.
(b) Law of conservation of energy.
(c) Law of conservation of angular momentum.
(d) Law of conservation of mass.

20. A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across an external resistor R. The
graph showing the variation of P.D. across R versus R:

21. A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross-section. The quantity/
quantities constant along the length of the conductor is/are:
(a) current, electric field and drift speed.
(b) drift speed only.
(c) current and drift speed.
(d) current only.

22. How much work is required to carry a 6 mC charge from the negative to the positive
terminal of a 9V battery?
(a) 54 × 10-3 J (b) 54 × 10-6 J (c) 54 × 10-9 J (d) 54 × 10-12
J
23. The terminal potential difference of a cell is 3.6 V, when the circuit is open. If the potential
difference reduces to 3 V, when cell is connected to a resistance of 5 W , the internal
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resistance of cell is:

(a) 1 W (b) 2 W (c) 4 W (d) 8 W

24. Masses of three copper wires are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5 and their lengths are in the ratio 5 : 3 :
1. The ratio of their electrical resistances is:
(a) 1 : 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 3 : 1 (c) 1 : 15 : 125 (d) 125 : 15 :
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25. The drift speed of an electron in a metal is of the order of:

(a) 10–13 m/s (b) 10–3 mm/s (c) 10–4 m/s (d) 10–30 m/s

Section B: Assertion Reasoning Qs

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion: Terminal voltage of a cell is greater than emf of cell, during charging of the cell.
Reason: The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage.

2. Assertion: In a metre bridge experiment, a high resistance is connected in series with the
galvanometer.
Reason: As resistance increases, current through the circuit increases.

3. Assertion: In a metre bridge; copper wire is connected in the left gap and silicon is
connected in the right gap. When the temperature of both wires increases, balancing point
shifts to right.
Reason: Temperature coefficient of copper is -ve and that of silicon is +ve.

4. Assertion: If a current flows through a wire of non-uniform cross-section, potential

difference per unit length of the wire in the direction of current is same at different points.
Reason: V = iR and current in the wire is same throughout.

5. Assertion: Voltmeter is much better than a potentiometer for measuring emf of cell.
Reason: A potentiometer draws no current while measuring emf of a cell.

6. Assertion: The resistivity of semi-conductors increases with temperature.

Reason: With increase in temperature, covalent bonds break that increases availability of
free electrons.
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7. Assertion: In the metre bridge experiment shown in Fig. the balance length AC
corresponding to null deflection of the galvanometer is x. If the radius of the wire AB is
doubled, the balanced length becomes 4 x.

Reason: The resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to the square of its radius.

8. Assertion: In a chain of bulbs, 50 bulbs are joined in series. One bulb is removed now the
circuit is again completed. If the remaining 49 bulbs are again connected in series across
the same supply, then light gets decreased in the room.
Reason: The resistance of 49 bulbs will be more than 50 bulbs.

Section C: Case Study Qs

Case 1
Two components are in series if they share a common node and if the same current flows through
them. In parallel circuits components share two common nodes and the voltage across them
remains same. Here's an example circuit with series/Parallel resistors.

I. In a series circuit the resistances have the same:

(a) Voltage
(b) Current
(c) Capacitance
(d) Energy

II. In parallel circuit the resistances have the same:

(a) Voltage
(b) Current
(c) Inductance
(d) Power
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III. In the above circuit:

(a) R1, R2 are in series & R3, R4 in parallel.
(b) R1, R3 are in series & R2, R4 in parallel.
(c) R2, R3 are in series & R1, R4 in parallel.
(d) R2, R4 are in series & R3, R1 in parallel.

IV. Power consumption is more for a given battery:

(a) Two equal resistances are kept in series.
(b) Two equal resistances are kept in parallel.
(c) Both are true.
(d) None of the above.

V. Maximum heat energy is released across resistor:

(a) R1 only
(b) R2 only.
(c) R3 only.
(d) None.

Case 2
A potentiometer is a device used for measuring EMF and internal resistance of a cell. It
consists of two circuits;
- a main circuit in which there is a cell of emf Ɛ' and a resistance R, connected across a wire of
length 100 cm and having resistance r and
- another circuit having unknown EMF Ɛ & a galvanometer. For a given potentiometer, Ɛ' =
30V, r = 1 W and resistance R varies with time t given by R = 2t. The jockey can move on the
wire with constant velocity of 10 cm/s and switch S is closed at t = 0.

I. If jockey starts moving from A at t= 0 and balancing point found at t = 1 s then the value of
E is:
(a) I V (b) 2 V (c) 3 C (d) 4 V

II. If jockey starts moving from A at t =1 sec, then the balancing point will be obtained at:
(a) t = 3s (b) t = 5s (c) t = 4s (d) t = 9 s
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III. If balancing length is at 70 cm, then the time after which jockey starts moving from A is:
(a) 1s (b) 2 s (c) 3 s (d) 4 s

IV. Potentiometer is based on:

(a) deflection method.
(b) zero deflection method.
(c) both (A) and (B).
(d) None of these.

V. Sensitivity of potentiometer can be increased by:

(a) increasing the EMF of the cell.
(b) increasing the length of the potentiometer.
(c) decreasing the length of the potentiometer wire.
(d) None of these.

Case 3
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference in
the lumped element model of electrical circuits. They were first described in 1845 by German
physicist Gustav Kirchhoff
Kirchoff' Current Law
This law states that, for any node in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that
node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node.
Kirchoff's Voltage Law
This law state that sum of the potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop is zero.

I. Kirchoff current law is conservation of:

(a) Charge (b) Energy (c) Potential (d)
Momentum

II. Value of current I as shown in the figure is:

(a) 2.7 (b) 1.7 (c) 1 (d)
None

III. Kirchoff’s Voltage Law is the conservation of:

(a) Energy (b) Charge (c) Current (d)
Momentum
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IV. Kirchoff’s Voltage Law is applied over:

(a) Closed Circuit loop (b) At a circuit node (c) Across battery (d) None
of the above

V. Kirchoff’s first law is applied for:

(a) open loop (b) closed loop (c) across battery (d) at any
junction

Case 4
Voltage is the difference in charge between two points. Current is the rate at which charge is
flowing. Resistance is a material's tendency to resist the flow of charge (current). So when we talk
about these values, we're really describing the movement of charge, and thus, the behavior of
electrons. A circuit is a closed loop that allows charge to move from one place to another.
Components in the circuit allow us to control this charge and use it to do work. Ohm was a
Bavarian scientist who studied electricity. Ohm starts by describing a unit of resistance that is
defined by current and voltage.
I. Ohm gave relationship between:
(a) Charge and voltage.
(b) Current and charge.
(c) Resistance and charge
(d) Voltage and Current

II. The unit of resistance is:

(a) Coulomb
(b) Joule
(c) Ohm
(d) Volt

III. The spontaneous flow of positive charge is from:

(a) Higher to Lower Potential.
(b) Lower to higher Potential.
(c) At constant voltage.
(d) None of the above.

IV. Which among the following measures Voltage?

(a) Ammeter
(b) Oscilloscope
(c) Van de Graff generator
(d) Potentiometer
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V. Charge is controlled to flow in a circuit by:

(a) Resistor
(b) Key
(c) Current
(d) Components of circuit

Case 5
A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by
balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. The
primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements. The
resistance is adjusted until the bridge is "balanced" and no current flows through the
galvanometer. At this point, the voltage between the two midpoints (B and D) will be zero.
Therefore, the ratio of the two resistances in the known leg is equal to the ratio of the two
resistances in the unknown leg.

I. In a balanced Wheat Stone bridge:

(a) Potential at points B & D is same.
(b) Large current flows through the circuit.
(c) Battery becomes over heated.
(d) Resistances become small.

II. Wheat bridge is used to measure unknown:

(a) Current
(b) Voltage
(c) Charge
(d) Resistance

III. Wheat Stone Bridge is implemented in lab using:

(a) Ammeter
(b)Voltmeter
(c) Meter Bridge
(d) Potentiometer
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IV. Condition for balanced Wheat stone bridge is:

(a) R1/R2 = R3/ Rx
(b) R3 = R1* Rx
(c) R1 = R3* Rx
(d) None of the Above

V. By interchanging galvanometer & cell, unknown resistance will be:

(a) Increased
(b) decreased
(c) same
(d) None

Case 6
Metals have a large number of tree electrons nearly 1028 per cubic metre. In the absence of electric
field, average terminal speed of the electrons in random motion at room temperature is of the
order of 105m/s.

When a potential difference V Is applied across the two ends of a given conductor, the free
electrons in the conductor experience a force and are accelerated towards the positive end of the
conductor. On their way, they suffer frequent collisions with the ions/atoms of the conductor and
lose their gained kinetic energy. After each collision, the free electrons are again accelerated due
to electric field, towards the positive end of the conductor and lose their gained kinetic energy in
the next collision with the ions/atoms of the conductor. The average speed of the free electrons
with which they drift towards the positive end of the conductor under the effect of applied electric
field is called drift speed of the electrons.
I. Magnitude of drift velocity per unit electric field is:
(a) current density.
(b) current.
c) resistivity.
d) mobility.

II. The drift speed of the electrons depends on:

(a) dimensions of the conductor.
(b) number density of free electrons in the conductor.
(c) both (a) and (b).
(d) neither (a) nor (b).

III. We are able to obtain fairly large currents in a conductor because:

(a) the electron drift speed Is usually very large.
(b) the number density of free electrons is very high and this can compensate for the low
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values of the electron drift speed and the very small magnitude of the electron charge.
(c) the number density of free electrons as well as the electron drift speeds are very large
and these compensate for the very small magnitude of the electron charge.
(d) the very small magnitude of the electron charge has to be divided by the still smaller
product of the number density and drift speed to get the electric current.

IV. Drift speed of electrons in a conductor is very small i.e. i = 10-4 ms-I. The Electric bulb glows
immediately. When the switch is closed because:
(a) drift velocity of electron increases when switch is dosed.
(b) electrons are accelerated towards the negative end of the conductor.
(c) the drifting of electrons takes place at the entire length of the conductor.
(d) the electrons of conductor move towards the positive end and protons of conductor
move towards negative end of the conductor.
V. The number density of free electrons in a copper conductor is 8.5 x 1028 m-3. How long does
an electron take to drift from one end of a wire 3.0 m long to its other end? The area of
cross-section of the wire is 2.0 x 10-6 m2 and it is carrying a current of 3.0 A.
(a) 8.1 x 104 s
(b) 2.7 x 104s
(c) 9 x 103s
(d) 3 x 103s

Case 7: Current Electricity

According to Ohm's law, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference across the ends of the conductor i.e. I ∝ V; V/I = R, where R is resistance of
the conductor. Electrical resistance of a conductor is the obstruction posed by the conductor to
the flow of electric current through it. It depends upon length, area of cross-section, nature of
material and temperature of the conductor. We can write, R ∝ L/A or R = ρL/A, where ρ is
electrical resistivity of the material of the conductor.
I. Dimensions of electric resistance is:
(a)[ML2T-2A-2]
(b) [ML2T-3A-2]
(c) [M-1L-2T-1A]
(d)[M-1L2T2A-1]
II. If 1 µA current flows through a conductor when potential difference of 2 volt is applied
across its ends, then the resistance of the conductor is:
(a) 2 x 106 Ω
(b) 3 x 105 Ω
(c) 1.5 x 105 Ω
(d) 5 x 107 Ω

III. Specific resistance of a wire depends upon:

(a) length
(b) cross-sectional area
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(c) mass
(d) none of these

IV. The slope of the graph between potential difference and current through a conductor is:
(a) a straight line
(b) curve
(c) first curve then straight line
(d) first straight line then curve

V. The resistivity of the material of a wire 1.0 m In long, 0.4 mm in diameter and having a
resistance of 2.0 ohm is:
(a) 1.57 x 10-6 Ω m
(b) 5.25 x 10 -7Ω m
(c) 7.12 x 10-5 Ω m
(d) 2.55 x 10-7 Ω m

Case 8:

A basic law regarding flow of currents was discovered in 1828, long before the physical
mechanism responsible for flow of currents was discovered. The factor that governs the rate of
flow of charge through any conductor depends upon the geometry of the material. Further it may
also depend upon physical dimensions and temperature of the conductor.
I. The slope of the graph shown above will give:
(a) Charge density of conductor.
(b) Resistance of conductor.
(c) Mobility of charge carriers.
(d) Conductivity of conductor

II. The linear relationship of current and voltage shown in graph is:
(a) Ideal case.
(b) Practical case/ approximated case.
(c) For semiconductors.
(d) None of the above
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III. In ohmic conductors:

(a) Relation between current and voltage for limited range of temperature is linear.
(b) Relation between current and voltage for wide range of temperature is linear.
(c) Relation between voltage and current is nonlinear.
(d) None of the above.

IV. Metals generally have:

(a) Positive temperature coefficient of resistance.
(b) Negative temperature coefficient of resistance.
(c) Resistance is independent of temperature.
(d) High resistance values.

V. The above graph is linear for:

(a) Lower temperature and small temperature range.
(b) Higher temperature and small temperature range.
(c) Lower temperature and higher temperature range.
(d) Higher temperature and higher temperature range.

ANSWERS
Section A: MC Qs
1. (b)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (a)
6. (b)
7. (b)
8. (b)
9. (c)
10. (d)
11. (c)
12. (d)
13. (d)
14. (b)
15. (d)
16. (c)
17. (b)
18. (a)
19. (b)
20. (a)
21. (d)
22. (b)
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23. (a)
24. (d)
25. (c)
Section B: Assertion Reasoning Qs
1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (d)
6. ?
7. (d)
8. ?

Section C: Case Study Qs

Case Study (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
Case 1 b a a b d
Case 2 a c c b b
Case 3 a a a d d
Case 4 d c a d d
Case 5 a b c a c
Case 6
Case 7 b a d a d
Case 8