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POST-TEST EXAMINATION IN RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1. This test booklet contains 100 test questions.

2. Read INSTRUCTIONS TO EXAMINEES printed on your answer sheet.
3. Shade only one (1) box for each question on your answer sheets. Two or more boxes
shaded will invalidate your answer.
4. AVOID ERASURES.

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Detach one (1) answer sheet from the bottom of your Examinee ID/Answer Sheet Set.
2. Write the subject title on the box provided.
3. Shade Set Box “A” on your answer sheet if your test booklet is Set A; Set Box “B” if your
test booklet is Set B.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. What method requires two exposures and also demonstrates the upper contour of the femur?
A. Friedman C. Lilienfield
B. Schneider D. Taylor

Ratio: Letter B is the correct answer. Friedman is for lateral of the hip, Lilienfeld is for anterior
pelvic bones ( inlet ) , taylor is for ( outlet)

SCHNEIDER METHOD
Demonstrates the upper contour of the femoral head.
1. Patient supine with the femour flexed 60 degrees.
2. Patient supine with the femour flexed 30 degrees.
Vertical central ray centred to the hip joint.

2. Which of the following are the parts of the Shoulder Girdle?

1. Proximal Humerus
2. Scapula
3. Collar Bone
A. 1 only C. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2, and 3

Ratio: itinanong ito nung board exam naming at patuloy na tinatanong hanggang ngayon.
Tandaan mo na at baka lumabas sayo, pag sinabing shoulder girdle. Dalawa lang yan. SCAPULA
at COLLAR BONE so letter C. intiendes? Wag mo na isama si humerus dahil libro na ang nagsabi.
Wala siya sa book,, wag mo na hanapin ang wala masasaktan ka lang.

3. The following are examples of involuntary motion. EXCEPT:

1. Mental illness
2. Severe pain

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 3. Breathing
4. Shivering
A. 1 only C. 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only D. 3 only

Ratio: madami sa exam ang mga ganyan ung panggulo ba? Ung salitang “Except”. Mag iingat sa
mga ganyan, minsan kasi nababaligtad natin ang sagot eh. Parang ganto yan eh. LAHAT SILA
POGI, EXCEPT. NUNG NAKITA MO UNG SALITANG POGI NATUWA KA so yung pogi agad ang
sinagot mo. Kaso hinahanap pala ung panget. So mag iingat. So isa isahin na natin.

So your answer should include VOLUNTARY MOTION: so it would be letter B, breathing and
mental illness.

4. Which of the following articulates with the bases of the metacarpals?

1. The proximal ends of the phalanges
2. Navicular
3. Trapezium
4. Os magnum

A. 1, 3 and 4 C. 3 and 4 only

B. 2, 3 and 4 D. 3 only

Ratio: pag sinabing nag aarticulate. Kumakabit, dumudugtong. Nakakabit, nakadugtong. So pag
sinabi kasing base eh ilalim. Base of metacarpals ( ilalim nangmetacarpals) kapag nakatingin ka
sa palad mo ( hindi sa anatomical position ha ) wag mailto .

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So base sa image kung titignan mo eh ang mga nasa taas na carpal bones lang dapat ang sagot
mo. Tama ba ako? So dapat kabisado mo ung mga un ..

Send Letter To Peter To Tell em To Come Home. or

Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle.
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

Ang tamang sagot ay ang letter C, trapezium and CAPITATE or OS MAGNUM (other term)

5. The posteroanterior projection of the wrist in ulnar flexion demonstrates the:

A. Greater multangular free of superimposition

B. Pisiform free of superimposition
C. Navicular not foreshortened
D. Interspaces between the carpals on the medial side of the wrist

Ratio: kung mapapansin niyo sa pag kakasunod sunod nang wrist sa libro. PA – AP – PA OBL –
AP OBL – PA RADIAL FLEXION – PA ULNAR FLEXION AND SO ON. TECHNIQUE LANG DUN.
KABISADUHIN MO LANG UNG PAG KAKASUNOD SUNOD NILA TAPOS UNG
DINEDEMONSTRATE KASI UN LANG NAMAN KADALASN ANG TINATANONG DUON. So I ooutline
ko na ha.

Pag PA nang wrist – 8 carpal bones

Pag AP nang wrist – carpal interspcaes are best demonstrated.
Pag lateral nang wrist – FM –foreign body and metacarpal fracture displacement
Pag PA oblique – scaphoid and trapezium
Pag AP oblique – pisiform is best seen as well as triquetrum and hamate
Pag PA ulnar flexion/deviation – scaphoid pa din saka carpal interspaces in the lateral side of the
wrist
Pag PA radial flexion-deviation – spaces in the medial side of the wrist
Pag stecher method – scaphoid pa din
Pag bridgeman method – scaphoid pa din
Pag rafert-Long method – Scaphoid pa din
Pag clements nakayama method- trapezium ang tandaan
Pag gaynor hart method – carpal canal or carpal tunnel
Pag Lentino method – carpal bridge ( un ung carpal bridge sa book niyo lentino tawag dun) now u
know
Pag templeton and zim – carpal canal and carpal bridge.

Please pakitandaan na ito summary ito nang wrist. So ang tamang sagot sa tanong ay letter “C”

6. Which of the following positions will demonstrate the pisiform separated from the adjacent carpal bones?
A. Oblique semipronation C. Posterior anterior
B. Lateral D. Oblique semisupination

Ratio: tignan mo ung outline ko sa tanong na number 5. Di ba? Andun siya? Kaso this time ang
tanong eh position? Ang nasa isip mo eh AP OBLIQUE nang wrist kaso wala siya sa pagpipilian.
So piliin mo ung pinakamalapit. So letter D.

7. The Templeton and Zim method is taken with the central ray directed 40O to the:
A. Long axis of the elbow C. Fingers
B. Long axis of the hand D. Proximal joint

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Ratio: tignan mo ung outline ko sa tanong na number 5. Di ba? Andun siya? Kaso this time ang
tanong ay templeton and zim, so ang alam mo lang ay carpal canal ang pinapakita niya pero ang
tanong alam mo ba ang position niya? Ang temple ton and zim ay ito:

TEMPLETON AND ZIM METHOD

Superoinferior carpal tunnel projection.
The forearm is placed at right angles to the cassette with the hand in contact with the cassette. Direct the vertical
central ray through the carpal tunnel at an angle of 40 degrees towards the fingers.

So the answer is letter C.

8. The following are ways to control voluntary motion. EXCEPT:

A. Immobilization of the part C. Use Long Exposure time
B. Careful explanation of the procedure D. Sedation

Ratio: yan nanaman tayo sa salitang “ except na yan” mag iingat ha. So ang hinahanp dito eh ung
hindi paraan sa pag control nang voluntary motion. Pag sinabing voluntary eh controlled by the
will, involuntary eh hindi kayang kontrolin KUSA siyang gumagalaw. Gets? Letter A, B, and letter
D are ways on how to control voluntary movements except letter C. why are you going to use long
exposure time eh nag gagagalaw na nga ang pasyente . ang resulta niyan eh BLURRING of the
image. Palo ka sa pwet nang doctor.

9. To localize foreign bodies of the hand, the lateral projection should be made with the hand in:
A. Extension C. Supination
B. Pronation D. Palmar flexion

Ratio: sa totoo lang , sa totoong buhay, kita naman ang foreign body kahit anong uri nang lateral.
Pero the best talaga is neutral position lang. which is letter A. Extension.

10. The Stecher position demonstrates which carpal bone?

A. Pisiform C. Capitate
B. Navicular D. Hamate

Ratio: pag sinabing stecher that is Pa wrist with 20 degrees inclined cassette or 20 degrees CR
angled towards the elbow. Tapos na agad ang usapan. Basta stecher “scaphoid or navicular” ang
dinedemonstrate. So letter B. balik ka sa number 5 na outline.

11. The coronoid process should be visualized in profile in which of the following positions?
A. Scapular Y C. Medial rotation AP oblique elbow

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 B. AP scapula D. Lateral rotation AP oblique elbow

Ratio: dapat isipin mo agad nasaan ba ang coronoid process? Di ba wala naman yun sa scapula.
Ang nasa scapula eh CORACOID process. So ung letter A and B mali agad. And coronoid ay
matatagpuan sa elbow. Un ung parang tuka nang ulna sa harapan nang olecranon. So may
mneumonics ako jan..

MC – medial rotation nang elbow in AP proj. Coronoid ang ipinapakita

LaRa- lateral rotation nang elbow in AP proj. Radial head, radial tuberosity, and ipinapakita.

Gets niyo? MC- medial coronoid

LaRa- lateral radial head. So letter C.

12. On which projection of the elbow is the radial tuberosity projected free of super-imposition to the ulna:
A. Partial flexion C. Lateral
B. Anteroposterior D.Oblique

Ratio: ito nanaman yung tanong. O di ba? MC LaRa. Kung tanda mo na sila masasagot mo to.
RADIAL TUBEROSITY edi LaRa. Pero mag iingat ka. Baka ang isagot mo eh LATERAL. Mali ka na
jan. dahil ang tanong ay “projection”. Ung lateral na yan ay ung pag ikot nang kamay. So ang
tamang sagot ay OBLIQUE. Dahil ito ay lateral rotation “OBLIQUE” projection. Sana di ka nalito.

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13. The greater tuberosity of the humerus is seen in profile with the arm in:
A. External rotation C. Internal rotation
B. Neutral rotation D. Extreme internal rotation

Ratio: ito ay karaniwan tinatanong under nang SHOULDER AP, papaano mo malalaman kung
anong maneuver ang ginawa mo sa AP ng SHOULDER. Parang ganto o, pre paano mo masasabi
kung external o internal rotation ang ginawa mo sa shoulder AP. Yan ang ibig kong sabihin. At
yang ang idea nang tanong. Tandaan na ito:

So kapag external rotation – greater tuberosity is seen laterally

Kapag internal rotation – lesser tuberosity is seen medially
Neutral rotation – greater tuberosity superimposing the humeral head.

So the best answer is letter “A”

14. For the anteroposterior projection of the elbow, if the patient is unable to fully extend the elbow, it
will be necessary to:
A. Angle the central ray 100 caudad C. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the IR
B. Angle the central ray 100 cephalad D. Make two anteroposterior projections

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Ratio: pag di daw kaya nang psyente na gawin ang AP nang elbow ano daw gagawin?, san
karaniwan to? Sa mga ortho cases na pasyente, ung mga nacacast, or fresh ang fracture. Ang
ginawa jan sa totoong buhay minumura sila , puta kaya mo yan. Sampalin kita Dalian mo uuwi na
ako.. haha joke lang. ( pero totoo yun)
Pero ayon sa libro at sa trabaho namin dito. Ang ginagawa talaga naming ay ginagawan naming
un nang dalawang shot, dalawang AP, at ito yun. Bakit dalawang shot , kasi kapag di diretso ang
extremity may tendency na magdistor ung isang part so panget un di siya mag bibigay nang
accurate diagnosis, so at least isa man lang ang Makita na maganda, par aka na ding gumawa
nang isang buong AP nang elbow na diretso kaso mag kahiwalay nga lang. gets mo?

Letter D best answer. Make two exposures.

15. A lateral projection of the hand in extension is often recommended to evaluate:

1. Fracture
2. Foreign body
3. Metacarpal fracture displacement
A. 1 only C. 2 and 3 only
B. 2 only D. 1 and 3 only

Ratio: sa totoo lang lahat naman sila makikita, kaso syempre special kasi ang lateral sa ibang
institution, pansinin mo ano routine karaniwan nang hand sa pinanggalingan mong hospital? Di
ba PA at Oblique lang naman? So minsan walang lateral kasi useless, ginagawa ang lateral kapag
may foreign body at metacarpal fracture displacement,

Sir anong pinag kaiba nnag number 1 sa number 3? Meron sympre. Ang fracture kasi makikita mo
na agad yan sa PA at Oblique, kaso ang tanong ang fracture ba papaano ang itsura? Papalikod pa
o papaharap? Di mo malalaman at makikita un tangin lateral lang ang makakagawa nun .. so
special talaga ang lateral kaya letter c ang sagot jan.

5th Metacarpal base fracture – posteriorly.

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16. Where in the upper limb is the posterior fat pad can be located?
A. Posterior olecranon process C. Anterior aspect of coronoid fossa
B. Posterior proximal humerus D. Notal aspect of the distal humerus

Ratio: pakianalyze to pakikabisado na din. Letter D correct answer. Notal means BACK.

17. To demonstrate the distal humerus in AP projection when the elbow can’t be fully extended. The
Central Ray is directed:
A. Perpendicular to the distal forearm C. Perpendicular to the distal humerus
B. Horizontally to the proximal humerus D. Horizontally traversing the elbow joint

Ratio: ito yung dalawang shot na AP ang gagawin pag di kaya I extend, ang tanong ay CR how it
is going to be directed. So letter C. base on the image below.

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18. Which of the following projection when radiographing the wrist will best demonstrate the carpal
interspaces?
A. PA C. PA with ulnar deviation
B. AP D. PA with radial deviation

Ratio: Base on the book it is said that AP projection is the best proj. In order to demonstrate
CARPAL interspaces. No questions. It is because of the divergence of the beam. Hirap paliwanag
ito eh kailangan dito demonstration. Kaso mahirap dito. Just stick to the answer which is letter B.

19. The following projections demonstrate the “boat shaped carpal bone”. EXCEPT:
A. PA axial C. PA oblique
B. PA with ulnar deviation D. AP oblique

Ratio: balik ka sa number 5 outline natin. Sabi ko kabisaduhin mo na yun eh at magagamit mong
talaga yun puro ka facebook eh naknang. Pero bago ang lahat pag sinabing boat shaped carpal
bone ano ba yun? Kung nag babasa ka nang libro at di puro newsfeed ay alam mo na navicular o
scaphoid ang tinutukoy niyan. So ang letter A ay stecher method yan. So nag dedemonstrate yan.
Ang letter B correct yan nag dedemonstrate din yan. Ang letter C correct din yan nag
dedemonstrate din yan. Ang letter D ag hindi kasi PISIFORM ang pinapakita niyan. Tama ba? So
EXCEPT D. D is the right answer.

20. What is the position of the patient if he/she is lying on his/her back with the central ray directed
perpendicularly through the chest and to the vertically placed IR?
A. Ventral recumbent C. Dorsal decubitus
B. Dorsal recumbent D. Lateral decubitus

Ratio: sumakit ba ulo mo? Ako din masakit sa ulo yan nung una kong nabasa yan dati. Pero kung
iimaginin mo. Ito lang yan. Letter C. dorsal decubitus.

21. To demonstrate more fully the IP joints in the PA Oblique projection of the hand. The rad-tech
should do all the following. EXCEPT:
A. Use a 45 degree suitable support C. Direct the central ray perpendicularly
B. Maintain the phalanges parallel to the horizontal D. The fingertips should be touching the cassete

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Ratio: Ang PA Oblique nang kamay ay may ibat ibang principles, letters A, B , C , at D ay tama sa pag
gawa nang PA oblique kaso dalwa ang ginagawa natin eh. Isang ginagamitan nang foam wedge at
isang MONEY sign ung karaniwang ginagawa natin kasi wala naman tayong foam wedge sa pinas. So
ito ang tandaan.

1. Kapag ginamitan nnag FOAM WEDGE ang primary focus nito ay ang IP JOINTS kasi ung mga
daliri diretso so pasok ang beam sa joints.
2. Kapag ginamitan nang fingertips touching the cassette, (money sign) ang primary focus naman
ay metacarpals.
Pakitandaan to. So letter D ang tamang sagot kasi EXCEPT dahil and letter D ay para sa metacarpals
at di para sa IP joints.

22. What projection is used to open the spaces between the carpal bones on the lateral side of the wrist?
A. PA with radial deviation C. PA Oblique
B. PA with ulnar deviation D. None of the above

Ratio: go back to outline number 5 . and you will find the answer.  letter B.

23. To demonstrate the scaphoid free from superimposition using the inclined cassette. Direct the
Central Ray:
A. Perpendicular to the scaphoid C. Perpendicular to the plane of the film
B. Perpendicular to the wrist joint D. 20 degrees towards the elbow

Ratio: pag may nakita kayong salitang inclined cassette :stecher method yan” Direct the central
ray perpendicular to the scaphoid. Hindi 20 degrees ha kasi naka inclined na nga ung cassette.
Gagamitan mo lang nang 20 degrees pag walang inclination. So letter A.

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24. What do you call the concavity on the anterior aspect of the wrist and the strong fibrous band that
forms the Carpal canal?
A. Carpal tunnel and Flexor Renitaculum C. Carpal sulcus and Flexor Renitaculum
B. Carpal tunnel and Flexor Retinaculum D. Carpal sulcus and Flexor Retinaculum

Ratio: Letter C is the correct answer.

25. What method is usually employed to demonstrate carpal tunnel syndrome?

A. Brewerton method C. Clements Nakayama method
B. Carpal Bridge D. None of the above

Ratio: pag nabasa niyo agad CARPAL CANAL, CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME OBVIOUSLY
RELATED SILA SA CARPAL CANAL. So anong method ang naaalala nio kapag CARPAL CANAL?

Dalawa lang naman yan. GAYNOR HART AT TEMPLETON AND ZIM. SO none of the above. Letter
D. kasi wala naman sila duon sa pagpipilian.

26. A true lateral projection of the foot is obtained:

A. In the mediolateral projection C. With the C. R. directed 10o caudad
B. In the lateromedial projection D. With the C. R. directed 150 caudad

Ratio: True lateral of the foot is obtained when the medial side of the foot is in contact with the
cassette.
So imagine anong itsura nuon? Ganto un . so that is letter B. lateromedial proj.

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27. Which of the following articulates with the heads of the metatarsals?
1. The base of the proximal phalanges
2. The cuboid
3. The cuneiforms
A. 1 only C. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2, and 3

Ratio: Alin daw ang nakaidikit sa ULO nang metatarsals, dapat dito kabisado mo ung anatomy
muna kasi mahirap mag imagine nang di moa lam, para bulag lang yan na nananaginip. Possible
ba? Di ba? Haha. Okay back to question,. Tignan ang larawan,. Ang Cuboid at mga Cuneiforms ay
malayong malayo sa heads nang metatarsals. So ang tamang sagot ay letter A. base nang
proximal phalanges kasi sila lang talaga ang nakadikit dun wala nang iba.

28. The posteroanterior projection of the wrist in radial flexion demonstrates the:
A. Greater multangular free of superimposition
B. Pisiform free of superimposition
C. Navicular not foreshortened
D. Interspaces between the carpals on the medial side of the wrist

Ratio: Go back to our outline in number 5. You will find the answer. Letter D. carpals on the
medial side are open. Kabisaduhin mo na to please.

29. The Gaynor-Hart position is taken with the central ray directed 250 to 300 to the long axis of the
hand to demonstrate:
A. Carpal bridge C. Carpal tunnel
B. Carpal sulcus D. All of the above

Ratio: tapos na usapan, easy question, mas easy pa sa tatlong bibe song. Letter C. carpal tunnel
only. Carpal bridge is on the other side, back part of the wrist while carpal sulcus is the anterior
concavity although its part of the tunnel, but the best answer would still be letter C. the end.

30. The best way to control involuntary motion is:

A. Immobilization of the part C. Short exposure time
B. Careful explanation of the procedure D. Physical restraint

Ratio: anong pinakamabisang parran para ma control mo ang di mo makontrol? Nakakaloko ba

ung tanong? Parang ewan lang eh no. pero ayan ang tanong. at ang pinakamabisang paraang jan

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ay ang pag gamit nang SHORT exposure TIME. Gamit ka maigisng time sa exposure para
maiwasan ang blurring. INVOLUNTARY MOTION yan it includes peristalsis sa esophagus, colon
etc, cardiac beat and so on. Di mo naman pwede kausapin ang pasyente na kontrolin ang tibok
nang puso or kontrolin ang peristalsis sa esophagus pag nangyare un aba edi wow. Letter C.

31. What projection is used to demonstrate the structural stability of the longitudinal arch of the foot?
A. Dorsoplantar C. Lateral weight-bearing
B. Oblique dorsoplantar D. Axial

Ratio: Longitudinal arch? Lateral weight bearing. Use also to demonstrate PES PLANUS (flat
feet) and PES CAVUS ( high arches feet) . Letter C.

32. To demonstrate the sesamoid bones of the foot free from superimposition, one should take:
A. A superoinferior projection to the 2nd Metatarsophalangeal joint
B. A superoinferior projection to the 1st Metatarsal head
C. A tangential projection
D. A lateromedial oblique projection

Ratio: Letter C best answer, according to all new editions of book,ballinger and bontrager. LEWIS,
HOLLY and CAUSTON are the methods that are preferred or use to demonstrate SESAMOID. They
are all TANGENTIAL PROJ.

33. To obtain an axial image of the calcaneus, the number of the degrees the central ray is directed
cephalad to the long axis of the foot is:
A. Thirty C. Fifty
B. Forty D. Twenty-five

Ratio: Basta calcaneus , 40 degrees. Tandaan mo na yan. Gawin mong mantra bago matulog,
bago tumae. Pag gising sa umaga. “Basta calcaneus 40 degrees”. Sinabi ko yan sa mga naging
studyante ko ayun lumabas nang 2015 board exams. Nasagot nila.  haha. Letter B.

34. In the AP oblique projection of both medial and lateral rotation of the foot, the sole of the foot
forms an angle to the plane of the film of about:
A. 300 C. 450
B.40 0
D. 600
Ratio: Ballinger and Bontrager has been contradicting each other regarding this matter. ballinger says
30 degrees while bontrager says between 30 degrees – 45 degrees. So if I were the one who would
answer this kind of question I’d choose letter A. because they both use 30 degrres as baseline for the
angle of the foot rotation to the cassette.
35. To obtain an axial image of the entire foot free from superimposition of the leg, two exposures are
made with the central ray angled:
A. 150 posterior angulation and 150 anterior angulation
B. 250 posterior angulation and 150 anterior angulation
C. 150 posterior angulation and 250 anterior angulation
D. 250 posterior angulation and 250 anterior angulation

Ratio: ito naman ung projection na ginagamit para Makita ung buong PAA. Kasi sa normal AP di
mo makikita ung outline nang calcaneus, mejo maputi bandang part na yun so para Makita yun
meron tayong tinatawag na COMPOSITE DORSOPLANTAR PROJ.

1. 15 P
2. 25 A

15 degrees posterior angulation and 25 degrees anterior angulation. Letter C.

36. The lesser tuberosity of the humerus is seen medially if the arm is in:
A. External rotation C. Internal rotation
B. Abduction D. Neutral rotation

Ratio: Laging merong tanong sa board na pinapaikot ikot ka lang at saka pinapaulit ulit lang. tulad
nito. Di ba kung kabisado mo na ung principle masasagot mo to. Kakasabi ko lang nito kanina.

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So kapag external rotation – greater tuberosity is seen laterally
Kapag internal rotation – lesser tuberosity is seen medially
Neutral rotation – greater tuberosity superimposing the humeral head.
So letter C. is the right answer.

37. To demonstrate the glenoid cavity in profile if the patient is in supine position, it is necessary to:
A. Angle the central ray 250 cephalad C. Angle the central ray 250 caudad
B. Rotate the body 45 0
D. Rotate the body 300

Ratio: glenoid cavity is the space between the humeral head and the scapula. so it is best demonstrated through
what we called GRASHEY METHOD. Grashey method requires the patient to be rotated at least 35- 45 degrees
toward the affected side. If the patient is in supine position, more than 45 degrees roation is necessary to place
the scapula to the cassete. Since there is no choice that depicts more than 45 degrees, we’ll use the baseline 45
degrees instead. Letter B.

38. In neutral rotation position for the AP projection of the shoulder. The following statements are
TRUE. EXCEPT:
A. Direct the CR perpendicular to the coracoid process
B. The humeral epicondyles should be parallel to the plane of the film
C. The palmar aspect of the hand rests against the hip
D. Greater tuberosity partially superimposes the humeral head

Ratio: Letter A, C and D are all correct except letter B. humeral epicondyles in neutral position is
45 degrees toward the cassete and not parallel to it. Letter B.

39. The following statements are true regarding the Transthoracic Lateral Projection (Lawrence Method).
EXCEPT:
1. The patient rests on the unaffected side
2. The affected arm is elevated and the forearm rests on the head
3. The CR is directed perpendicular at the level of the surgical neck
4. It demonstrates the distal humerus
A. 3 only C.2 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 4 only

Ratio: Transthoracic position is used to demonstrate the lateral aspect of the humerus (proximal)
when no necessary position is available, or let’s say patient cannot tolerate rotation of the arm
due to extreme pain. This position requires the patient to be in upright or lying on the table. With
the affected side resting on the cassette, unaffected arm is elevated and is resting on the head. Cr
is perpendicular to the level of surgical neck.

Since EXCEPT ang hinahanap , lahat nang salungat sa sinabi ko un ung pipiliin natin. So number
1 is wrong, number 2 is also wrong, I elevate mo affected? Well goodluck. 3 is correct, 4 is wrong
as it demonstrate proximal not distal. So 1 , 2 and 4 should be the answer since we are looking for
false statements. Letter D.

40. What method is recommended if the patient can’t tolerate dorsal recumbent and ventral recumbent
position for an Inferosuperior Axial Projection of the Shoulder?
A. Lawrence Method C. Clements Method
B. West point Method D. Rafert Method

Ratio: Inferosuperior axial proj of the shoulder. Includes method such as:

Lawrence – nakahiga , dorsal recumbent

West point – nakadapa , ventral recumbent
Clements , nakatagilid , lateral recumbent
Pag di daw kaya nang nakahiga (Lawrence) at nakadapa (west point) ano ung pwede nating
gamitin? Edi naka tagilid which is letter C.

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41. The following statements are TRUE regarding “Fisk Method”. EXCEPT:
1. The patient is supine with the CR directed 10-150 to the long axis of the humerus
2. This Method demonstrates Intertrochanteric groove
3. The CR is directed perpendicular to the plane of the film
4. The patient holds the cassette
A. 3 and 4 only C.1, 2, and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2 and 4 only

Ratio: Fisk method is equal to INTERTUBERCULAR OR BICIPITAL GROOVE. Remember.

Pwedeng nakahiga pwedeng nakatayo. 1 is true, 2 is wrong, 3 is wrong, 4 is true. So none of the
choices has the correct answer.

42. Which of the following parts are within the os calcis?

1. Anterior Articular facet
2. Sustentaculum Tali
3. Tuberosity
A. 1 only C.1, and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. All of the above

Ratio: Os calcis or CALCANEUS has all of the following anatomical part. Letter D all of the above.

43. How many degrees angulation is required to demonstrate the glenoid cavity in Garth Method?
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 A. 30 C.40
B. 35 D. 45
Ratio: Garth Method requires 45 degrees rotation of the body and 45 degrees CR to the
scapulohumeral joint. Its 45/45 degrees remember. Letter D.

44. What is the position of the patient in the Apple method?

A. Lateral C.LAO/RAO
B. AP D.LPO/RPO
Ratio: Apple method is the same as grashey method’s position the only difference is that, in
APPLE, there is weight on the abducted hand of the patient unlike grashey wherein the hand is
just neutrally positioned on the abdomen or chest. Grashey employs an AP Oblique projection
with LPO/RPO position. So letter D.

45. What projection is very useful in identifying the cause of the shoulder dislocation?
A.PA Axial Oblique C.LAO/RAO
B. AP Axial Oblique D.LPO/RPO

Ratio: Remember that if shoulder dislocations are being ruled out, the best position to take place
is the SCAPULAR Y position. Scapular Y requires 45- 60 degrees LAO/RAO position, PA Oblique
proj with the central ray directed perpendicular to the glenohumeral joint.

46. What projection demonstrates the exact axial image of the clavicle?
A.PA Axial C.AP
B. AP Axial D.PA

Ratio: Axial means there is angulation of more than 10 degrees, why do we do axial of the
clavicle? The simple answer is to remove the clavicle away from the lungs. Para mas Makita ito
lalo kung may fracture. So kung ako tatanungin. Letter A and B ang sagot.

47. What projection profiles the “Scapular Spine”?

A. Laquerriere-pierquin C. Axial
B. Pearson D. Tangential

Ratio: when you hear this thing Scapular Spine” just think of letter A. 
Patient is supine, 45 degrees caudally. That’s it. Pearson is for acromioclavicular joint.

48. What interspaces will be emphasized when doing the AP projection (medial rotation) of the foot?
A. Cuboid and base of the 4th and 5th MT bones C. Cuboid and the lateral cuneiform
B. Talus and navicular D. All of the above

Ratio: Letter D. all of the above mentioned.

16
49. Pearson and Alexander method are methods that demonstrate:
A. Acromion C. Acromioclavicular joint
B. clavicle D. Sternoclavicular joint

Ratio: my acronym for this is P/AL like Philippine AirLines.

PAL – ACJ
PAL – ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT.
PEARSON/ALEXANDER. So letter C

50. What method usually demonstrates an oblique image of the scapula?

A. Lawrence C. Lorenz and Lilienfield
B. Garth D. Laquerierre-Pierquin

Ratio: Lawrence is for shoulder axial, so wrong; Garth is for shoulder also so wrong again,
Laquerierre-chuvaness is for SCAPULAR SPINE remember? So letter C. remember that:

For OBLIQUE IMAGE OF SCAPULA – LORENZ AND LILIENFELD

For LATERAL IMAGE OF THE SCAPULA – SCAPULAR Y position.

51. Which of the following methods do demonstrate the “intercondylar fossa”?

1. Camp-coventry method
2. Gnihc method
3. Beclere method
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. All of the above

Ratio: ang intercondylar fossa ay ang fossa sa likod nang dulo ( distal back part ) nang femur. 3
methods in order to demonstrate it. FAMILIAR WITH BEAUTY BOUTIQUE? Familiar with “HBC”?
remember HBC .

H-olmblad
B-eclere
C-amp Coventry

No more.. According to ballinger. I dunno in other books. So 1 is correct as well as 3. 2 doesn’t

exist.
So the correct answer is letter C.

52. The projection in which films of the patella are taken for greater detail sharpness is the:
A. Anteroposterior C. Oblique
B. Posteroanterior D. Lateral

Ratio: When we are talking about DETAIL SHARPNESS it’s about how far, and how distant the
tube is to the cassette, in addition to that, we can also assume that the position of the part under
study greatly contributes also to the sharpness of the image. According to the rule:

Pag mas malapit ang part sa cassette mas sharp at less magnified – this is true
Pag mas malayo ang part sa caseete mas magnified at mejo blurred ang image – this is also true

So having this kind of principle, we can now enunciate that patella anatomically speaking is in
front of the body so if we would place it in an AP proj, It would be far from the cassette resulting
in blurred image and magnified image. On the other hand, PA means the patella would be in
contact with the cassette so it would result in great detail sharpness. So the best answer is letter
B.

53. To obtain a clear view of the knee joint in the lateral position angle the central ray:
A. Cephalad C. Medially
B. Caudad D. Laterally

Ratio: Lateral projection of the knee requires 5- 7 degrees cephalad. Letter A.

54. To demonstrate a ligamentous tear at the ankle joint, which of the following procedures is employed?

17
 A. Both oblique views
B. Routine ankle views
C. AP (force inversion/force eversion)
D. Angle the central ray 100 cephalad for the routine ankle views

Ratio: To verify the presence of ligamentous tear, employ letter C. Ap projection (force
inversion/force eversion)

55. The hip joint may be localized by using which of the following bony landmarks?
A. Anterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter
B. Anterior superior iliac spine and symphysis pubis
C. Iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
D. Iliac crest and symphysis pubis

Ratio: Hip joint can be localized using two important points in pelvis, ako pag gumagawa ako
nang frogleg dito sa amin saka nang ap nang hip joint, para masipat ko ung position nang HIP
joint, kinakapa ko ung tinatawag na ASIS, tapos isang greater trochanter. Just to determine the
level of symphysis pubis. Pag nahanap ko na great troch, hanapin ko gitna nang psyente tas un
na level nang Symphysis pubis, di mo naman kasi pwedeng kapain ung symphysis pubis nang
pasyente at baka iba ang makapa mo. Hahaha. Letter b is the correct answer.

56. To overcome the anterversion of the femoral necks, in view of the hip and pelvis:
A. Invert the feet approximately 150 C. Evert the feet pointing directly upward
B. Have the feet pointing directly upward D. Angle the central ray 450 cephalad

Ratio: pag sinabing anteversion. Ay “pag punta sa unahan” so usually kasi sa anatomical
position. And anatomically speaking, anteverted na talaga ang ating femoral neck. So para
maiwasan ito lalo sa pelvis AP. Letter A. I-invert ang paa/leg nang 15- 20 degrees . Letter A. ano
ba mangyayari kung di anteverted? Distortion lang naman. Ung kabuuan nang femoral neck ay
hindi makikita.

18
57. For the axiolateral projection of the femoral neck the cassette is placed in contact with:
A. The posterior surface of the affected side
B. The lateral surface of the affected side
C. The anterior surface of the affected side
D. The medial surface of the affected side

Ratio: this is referring to the danelius miller method.

These are some of the common board exam terms for danelius miller.
1. Axiolateral projection
2. Or lateral
3. Surgical lateral
4. inferosuperior axial proj.

The patient is supine, unaffected leg is brought up or elevated to remove it away from the affected
side and the cassete is on the lateral surface of the affected side. Letter B.

19
58. For the superoinferior axial projection, Lilienfield method of the anterior pelvic bones, the patient is
positioned in the:
A. Supine position ` C. Oblique position
B. Prone position D. Lateral position

Ratio: familiar with inlet and outlet?

TLS – inlet and outlet, kunin nio lang ung mga vowels tas may clue na kayo.

TAYLOR – OUTLET ( may letter O)

LILIENFELD- INLET (may letter I)
STAUNIG – INLET (may letter I)

Lilienfeld is actually in semi sitting position (40 – 45 degrees to the table), the CR is perpendicular
to the cassette/table. But if the patient cannot tolerate this position. Do it in supine with 40
degrees caudal angulation. ( ito ung ginagawa ninyo sa mga hospital ninyo) . Letter A.

59. All of the following bones are associated with condyles EXCEPT the:
A. Femur C. Humerus
B. Tibia D. Mandible

Ratio: Ang femur may condyles, ang tibia may condyles, ang humerus may condyles ( trochlea
and capitellum/capitulum) and mandible din may condyles. So this question is invalid. No correct
answer.

60. In the lateral projection of the foot, the:

1. Plantar surface should be perpendicular to the film
2. Metatarsals are superimposed
3. CR perpendicular to the film
A. 1 only C. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2, and 3

Ratio: In the lateral projection of the foot, the 1 is correct, 2 is correct, 3 is correct. All of the
above mentioned are correct. Letter D.

61. Which of the following is used to evaluate the shoulder in its anatomic position?
A. External rotation position C. Neutral rotation position
B. Internal rotation position D. Inferosuperior axial position

Ratio: napakadaling tanong, as you can see karamihan sa choices natin ay mga rotation. So
parang hinahanap lang jan. sa anong rotation position ba na kung saan ang kamay e nasa
anatomical position (pag dating sa shoulder) ?
Anatomical position eh dretso ang katawan, tapos ang palad nakaharap, ganun di ba ang
EXTERNAL ROTATION POSITION? The end… letter A.

62. In the lateral projection of the knee, the:

1. Femoral condyles are superimposed
2. Patellofemoral joint is visualized
3. Knee is flexed about 20 to 30o
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 only D. 1, 2, and 3

Ratio: Lateral projection of the knee, principles ang hinahanap the basics. Naka lateral recumbent,
naka flex ang paa nang 20-30 degrees, CR is directed 5-7 degrees cephalad para magpatong ang
mga condyles, patellofemoral joint is seen of course. All of the above ( 1 , 2 and 3 are correct).
Letter D.

20
63. In an AP projection of the knee. If the patient’s measurement from asis to the tabletop is 20cm. The
central ray should be directed:
A. perpendicular C. 3-50 caudad
0
B. 3-5 cephalad D. 5-70 cephalad

Ratio: base on the old books, especially ung mga black photocopy na ballinger mga 5th edition
pababa. Ang AP projection nang knee direct the CR 5 degrees cephalad. Pero ayun sa mga
bagong research na nailathala sa mga bagong edition nang libro. May corresponding na CR angle
para sa bawat pasyente. Depende ito sa laki nang bewang. To be specific measurement from asis
to the table top. Please take note of this:

Pag ang sukat nang asis to tabletop ay 18cm pababa , 3-5 degrees caudad.
Pag ang sukat nang asis to tabletop ay 19-24 cm, perpendicular
Pag ang sukat nang asis to tabletop ay above 25 cm, 3-5 cm cephalad.

Kung babalik tayo sa tanong.20 cm is between 19-24 cm so ang CR should be perpendicular.

Letter A.

64. Which of the following methods given below BEST demonstrates the “Intercondylar notch”?
A. Kuchendorf C. Settegast
B. Jaroschy D. Camp-coventry

Ratio: naalala nio baa ng HBC? For the demonstration nof the intercondylar fossa? Well notch is
the other term for fossa. So kung may HOLMBLAD, BECLERE, or CAMP COVENTRY sa pagpilian
sila ang tamang sagot. Letter D. Kuchendorf is use to demonstrate oblique image of the patella
free from supoer imposition. Jaroschy method is same method as the hughston method for the
demonstration of the patellofemoral joint. Settegast is also use for the patellofemoral joint. Letter
D.

65. In AP axial Oblique (Broden method). What central ray angulation will demonstrate the anterior
portion of the posterior facet?
A. 100 ` C. 300
B. 200 D. 400

Ratio: Broden method is equal to posterior facet. meaning un ang dapat ninyong tandaan na
dinedemonstrate niya. papaano ba ang broden. ito siya.

21
45 degrees medial rotation. then 4 central ray angulations. 10, 20, 30 and 40 degrees. kapag
10 degrees more posterior ang pinapakita niya. pero pag papuntang 40 degrees more pa
anterior ang pinapakita niya. ibig sabihin nang more anterior. anterior portion nang posterior
facet. Letter D.

66. What bones comprise the hindfoot?

1. Heel bone
2. Astragalus
3. Toes and metatarsals
4. Cuneiforms
A. 1 only C. 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 3 and 4 only

Ratio: ang buto nang PAA ay nahati sa 3 category, FMH

FOREFOOT – from the root FORE ( meaning front )
MIDFOOT – from the root MID (gitna)
HINDFOOT – from the root HIND ( dulo o likod) so ano anong mga bome ang under sa mga to?

FOREFOOT – phalanges and metatarsals

MID FOOT – CUNEIFORMS, talus, navicular
HINDFOOT – calcaneus and CUBOID

So letter A. 1 only heel bone or calcaneus only.

67. Which of the following does not belong to the shin bone?
A. Tuberosity C. Medial condyle
B. Crest D. Lateral epicondyle

Ratio: shin bone or simply the “TIBIA” has tuberosity, crest and medial condyle, tibia has no
epicondyles. Letter does not belong to tibia.

68. The “intercondylar notch” lies on the:

A. Anterior distal portion of the femur C. Anterior proximal tibia
B. Posterior distal portion of the femur D. Posterior proximal tibia

Ratio: nasagot at nabanggit na natin ito kanina. Sa likod nang dulo nang femur. Letter B.

69. To demonstrate the sesamoid bone as recommended by Holly. The central ray should be directed:
A. 400 towards the heel C. 400 towards the toes
B. Perpendicular to the 2 MTP
nd
D. Perpendicular to the 1st metatarsal head

Ratio: holly method requires the patient to be in a supine position, plantar aspect forms a 75
degrees angle to the cassette and CR directed perpendicular to the head of the first metatarsal
bone tangentially to it. Letter D.

70. What should be the position of the patient to permit accurate estimation of the genu valgum and genu
varum deformities?
A. Supine C. Upright
B. Sitting D. Lateral recumbent on affected side

Ratio: genu valgus and genu varus are deformities in the lower extremities and most apparent in
the knee joint. mula sa salitang GENU na ang ibig sabihin ay KNEE. GENU VARUS/M (pike) at
GENU VALGUS/M (sakang) are best demonstrated using AP STANDING OF THE KNEE. Letter C.

71. In Rosenberg method for the demonstration of articular cartilage disease. The patient is instructed to
flex his/her knees to place the femur of how many angle?
A. not more than 100 C. 900
B. 25 -30
0 0
D. 450

22
Ratio: Rosenberg method is the reverse AP STANDING OF THE KNEE. This method is useful in
demonstrating narrowing of joint spcaes and articular cartilage disease. Pwede siyang DIRECT
PA na kung saan nakatalikod lang ang pasyente habang nakatayo nang diretso at pwede din naka
bend ang knee para ung femur sa cassette ay mag form nang 45 degrees.so letter D.

72. The main purpose of internally rotating the leg and the foot 15-20 degrees in radiographic examination
of the pelvis and hip is:
A. To avoid elongation
B. To place the femoral neck parallel to the film
C. To overcome anteversion of the femoral neck
D. To avoid foreshortening of the femoral neck

Ratio: Remember the anteversion of the femoral neck? Caused by not rotating the leg internally?
Its because of the natural anteverted position of it. Now what is the primary reason why we let the
patient rotate their leg 15-20 degrees. As I mentioned earlier , we let them do it to avoid
foreshortening of the femoral neck. PARA MAKITA ANG KABUUAN NANG FEMORAL NECK SA
PELVIS AP. Letter D.

73. Which of the following is not true regarding Martz-Taylor method for the examination of congenital hip
dislocation?
1. 4 exposures should be done
2. This method demonstrates the relationship of the humeral head to the acetabulum
3. An AP projection and a lateral projection is employed
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2 and 3 only

Ratio: Martz – taylor requires two exposures.

1. AP – perpendicular to the symphysis pubis -demonstrates lateral and superior
displacement of the femoral head.
2. AP axial – 45 degrees cephalad to the symphysis pubis to demonstrate anterior and
posterior displacement of the femoral head to the acetabulum.
All of the above mentioned are not true so the answer is all of them. Letter D.

74. In internal oblique position under Judet method. What is the specific position of the patient if the
affected hip is right?
A. LAO C. LPO
B. RAO D. RPO

Ratio: Judet method is AP Oblique projection. LPO/RPO positions. 2 kinds

1. INTERNAL OBLIQUE POSITION – WHEREIN AFFECTED SIDE IS UP

2. EXTERNAL OBLIQUE POSITION – WHEREIN AFFECTED SIDE IS DOWN

In accordance to the question, the given situation is asking us that if the affected hip is right and
we wanted to take it via internal oblique position. What would be the correct position for it? What
position are we going to do? Going back to PRINCIPLE no. 1 INTERNAL OBLIQUE REQUIRES
THE AFFECTED SIDE TO BE IN THE UP SIDE. So it would be LPO position. Na kung saan ang Left

23
side nang balakang ang nakadikit at ang right side naman ang nakaangat. Hope you get it. Letter
C.

75. What method demonstrates the superior wall of the acetabulum?

A. Judet C. Taylor
B. Lilienfield D. none of the above

Ratio: Teufel method is the method used in order to demonstrate fovea capitis and
SUPEROPOSTERIOR WALL OF THE ACETABULUM. Letter D. none of the above.

76. The following are the distinctive features of the atlas. EXCEPT:
1. It has no body
2. It has dens
3. It has lateral masses
A. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 2 only

Ratio: Atlas or C1 has no body, it only has anterior and posterior arches, and has lateral masses.
Dens or also known as the odontoid process is part of C2 so letter D.it is not a feature of C1.

77. To demonstrate the entire cervical vertebrae:

A. Direct the central ray 150 cephalad C. Use the open-mouth projection
B. Use the “wagging jaw” projection D. Direct the central ray 150 caudad

Ratio: yung ginagawa ninyong AP axial na part nang routine sa cervical vertebrae sa hospital
ninyo. Di lahat nang cervical kita duon. So letter A, is incorrect kasi ito yun ginagamitan nang 15-
20 degrees cephalic angle. Ang c1 at c2 di makikita ditto sa AP axial. Letter C “ open mouth”
technique is used to demonstrate the C1 and DENS of C2. Letter D doesn’t make any sense. So
letter B is the correct answer. We use the wagging jaw ( Otonello method ) in order to blur the jaw
and delineate the upper cervical part especially the C1 and C2. So that all cervical vertebrae are
seen.

78. The open mouth position was described by:

1. Shoenberg
2. Albert
3. George
A. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 1 only

Ratio: usually hindi naman naitatanong ang mga history bihira lang pero baka sakali di ba. Malay
mo maitanong. Letter A. 1 and 3 only.

24
79. If a functional study of the cervical vertebrae were requested, you would take:
A. Vertebral arch projections C. Routine cervical projections
B. Flexion and extension projection D. None of the above

Ratio: Functional study means to see the normal function of the anatomical part of the cervical
vertebrae to the extent na kaya pa nyang I extend ito at I flex. So dito sa hospital naming
iniinclude naming itong Letter B sa usual routine na Ap axial at lateral. Letter B is the right answer
. Letter A “vertebral arch projection is use to demonstrate the posterior part of the cervical part
including the spinous process so this one is obviously incorrect.

80. To place the cervical intervertebral foramen parallel with the plane of the film
A. Rotate the body 450 C. Angle the central ray 100 cephalad
B. A. Rotate the body 70 0
D. Angle the central ray 100 caudad

Ratio: RULE of LATERAL and OBLIQUE of spines. Dito dapat gumawa na kayo nang technique
ninyo paano ito makabisado. Ang technique lang dito ay pattern. YOU NEED PATTERN GUYS. ITO
YNG GINAMIT KO NUNG board EXAM. BAKA MAKATULONG SAYO PERO KUNG MERON KA NA
SKIP KA NA AT BAKA MALITO KA LANG.

LATERAL OBLIQUE DEGREES OF

OBLIQUITY

CERVICAL zygapophyseal jts intervertebral foramina 45 degrees

THORACIC intervertebral foramina zygapophyseal jts. 20 degrees from lateral
70 degrees to the casette
LUMBAR intervertebral foramina zygapophyseal jts. 45 degrees
SACROILIAC JOINT wala sacroiliac joints 25-30 degrees to the cassette

RULE 1. ANG PA OBLIQUE NANG CERVICAL, THORACIC AT SACROILIAC JT. AY CLOSEST ANG
DINEDEMONSTRATE
RULE 2. ANG AP OBLIQUE NANG CERVICAL AT THORACIC AT SACROILIAC JT. AY FARTHEST
ANG DINEDEMONSRATE
RULE 3. ANG PA OBLIQUE NANG LUMBAR AY FARTHEST ANG DINEDEMOSTRATE
RULE 4. ANG AP OBLIQUE NANG LUMBAR AY CLOSEST ANG DINEDEMONSTRATE.

SO ANG SAGOT SA NUMBER 80 AY LETTER A. 45 DEGREES OBLIQUITY IS NEEDED.

81. For the anteroposterior projection of the thoracic vertebrae the central ray is directed to the level of:
A. T-1 C.T-6
B. T-3 D.T-12
Ratio: usually naman mga gitna ang ginagawa nilang reference point. There are 12 thoracic
vertebrae, gitna nun ay T-6 kaya un ang tamang sagot. Letter C. at yun talaga ang reference
point. :D

82. The intervertebral foramina are well demonstrated in which projection of the thoracic vertebrae?
A. Anteroposterior C. Oblique
B. Lateral D. Erect oblique

25
Ratio : sa outline natin sa number 80 , ang IF nang thoracic vertebrae ay makikita sa LATERAL.
Letter B. ang zyga naman ay makikita sa Oblique with 20 degrees from lateral ( ibig sabihin nun
galing sa lateral position gagalaw ka nang 20 degrees papunta nang cassete) kaya mag foform
siya nang 70 degrees sa cassete.

83. To demonstrate the apophyseal joint of the thoracic vertebrae:

A. Rotate the body 200 from the lateral position
B. Rotate the body 450 from the lateral position
C. Angle the central ray 200 cephalad
D. Rotate the body 700 from the lateral position

Ratio: how many degrees of obliquity? Nasagot na natin yan. Ewan ko sana naintidihan mo.
Letter A. 20 degrees mula sa lateral position.

84. The apophyseal joints are well demonstrated in which projection of the cervical vertebrae?
A. Anteroposterior C. Oblique
B. Lateral D. Erect oblique

Ratio: Ang apophyseal joint ay old term nang ZYGApophyseal joints, sa outline number 80 natin.
Makikita duon na. ang zyga nang cervical ay makikita sa LATERAL. Letter B. PATTERN GUYS. :D
Di pwede ang di mag mememorya sa positioning. Kailangan yun. Number nga nang mga naging
ex mo at jowa mo kabisado mo pa din hanggang ngayon yan pa kaya. SUS. Yaka mo yan.

85. With the patient in the posteroanterior position for frontal projections of the lumbar spine, which side
of the lordotic curve faces the x-ray tube?
A. Concave C. Biconcave
B. Convex D. Biconvex

Ratio: Familiar with concave at convex? Pag sinabing concave inward na lubog, convex umbok,
TIGNAN

Pakitandaan ang pagkakaiba nang CONCAVE AT CONVEX. Pag aralan.

So ang tanong eh papaano daw kung gumawa tayo nang PA nang lumbar na unusual o hindi
naman ginagawa kasi AP ang ginagawa natin. Balik tayo kung PA ang lumbar, ano daw ang side
nang LUMBAR ang nakaharap sa TUBO? Concave o convex? Dalawa lang naman yan. Syempre
yung CONCAVE PART. So letter A. Choices letter C and D makes no sense at all.

86. The pars interarticularis is represented by what part of the “scotty dog” seen in a correctly positioned

26
 oblique lumbar spine?
A. Eye C. Body
B. Front foot D. Neck

Ratio: Look at this picture. And remember them. Letter D. neck for pars inter articularis.

EYE – pedicle, NOSE- transverse process, EARS – superior articular process, FOOT – inferior
articular process, BODY – lamina, NECK- pars interarticularis

87. The intervertebral foramina are well demonstrated in which projection of the lumbar vertebrae?
A. Anteroposterior C. Oblique
B. Lateral D. Erect anteroposterior

Ratio: Outline number 80, it is stated that in LATERAL projection of lumbar, intervertebral
foramina can be seen. Letter B.

88. Which of the following is not TRUE 27egarding Judet method?

1. It uses PA Oblique projection
2. It uses 2 oblique rotation position
3. It is helpful in demonstrating fractures of the acetabulum
A. 1 only C. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. 1 and 3 only

Ratio: Judet method uses AP Oblique projection. It has 2 oblique rotation position ( the internal
oblique and external oblique rotation) and this method is very useful in demonstrating kinds of
fractures of the acetabulum. SO disregard number 1. Because it is incorrect. Letter C ( 2 and 3) is
the right answer.

89. Which of the following are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the thoracic spine?
1. Intervertebral spaces
2. Apophyseal joints
3. Intervertebral foramina
A. 1 only C. 1 and 3
B. 2 only D. 1, 2, and 3

27
Ratio: Lateral projection of the T-spine demonstrates the intervertebral disc spaces (1),
intervertebral foramina (3) and the vertebral body. Disregard number 2 because apophyseal joint
is under oblique. Letter C.

90. The position in which apophyseal joint of the lumbar vertebrae are best demonstrated is the:
A. Anteroposterior C. Oblique
B. Posteroanterior D. Lateral

Ratio: Apophyseal or zygapophyseal joints can be seen in OBLIQUE position of the lumbar
vertebrae with 45 degrees rotation. Letter C.

91. The pedicle is represented by what part of the “scotty dog” seen in a correctly positioned oblique
lumbar spine?
A. Eye C. Body
B. Front foot D. Neck

Ratio: Pedicle is depicted by the “eye” of the scotty dog. Letter A.

92. In the posteroanterior oblique projections of the lumbar vertebrae, the apophyseal joints
demonstrated are those:
A. Farthest from the film C. Below the crest
B. Nearest the film D. Above the crest

Ratio: RULE number 3 in outline number 80.

PA OBLIQUE NG LUMBAR AY FARTHEST ANg DINEDEMONSTRATE. Letter A.
93. For the oblique projections of the sacroiliac joints, the body is rotated:
A. 100 to 200 C. 400 to 450
B. 25 to 30
0 0
D. 700 to 750
Ratio: In order to demonstrate sacroiliac joints, this requires 25- 30 degrees rotation of the
body from supine/prone position. Letter B.
94. Which of the following method does not demonstrate the ACETABULUM?
1. Judet
2. Teufel
3. Letournel
4. Ronak
A. 3 and 4 only C. 4 only
B. 3 only D. 2, 3, and 4 only

Ratio: Judet, teufel and letournel are the methods that are use to demonstrate acetabulum. And
the question is looking for the method that doesn’t demonstrate the acetabulum. Letter C. There
is no such this as RONAK method believe me.

95. For the oblique projection of the sacroiliac joint, direct the central ray to:
A. The iliac crest
B. A point midway between the iliac crest and symphysis pubis
C. A point midway between the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
D. The anterior superior iliac spine

Ratio: The answer should be an inch medial to the closest or elevated ASIS. No answer, the
question is invalid.

96. In the anteroposterior oblique projection, the sacroiliac joint demonstrated is the one:
A. Nearest the film C. Adjacent to t he film
B. Farthest from the film D. Parallel to the film

Ratio: Look at outline number 80, nakita mo ba ung sacroiliac joint? RULE number 2.
AP OBLIQUE NANG LUMBAR THORACIC AT SACROILIAC, FARTHEST ANG
DINEDEMONSTRATE. LETTER B.

97. For the anteroposterior projection of the sacrum, the central ray is directed:
A. 150 caudad C. 350 caudad

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 B. 150 cephalad D. 350 cephalad

Ratio: Sacrum and Coccyx. May technique ako jan. kialala nio ba si sasuke sa (Naruto)? Saka si
shisuka? ( sa doraemon) well.
Gamitin natin sila.

SA S CE (sasuke) 15 years old

C SU CA (shishuka) 10 years old

SA S CE – SACRUM SUPINE CEPHALAD 15 degrees

C SU CA – COCCYX SUPINE CAUDAD 10 degrees.

Naegts mo ba. Haha

So balik tayo ang tanong ay AP projection nang sacrum? So ibig sabihin nun naka SUPINE ung
pasyente. Edi pasok na pasok ang CODE natin na SASCE.

SA S CE – SACRUM SUPINE CEPHALAD 15 degrees. LETTER B.

Eh sir papaano kng ang tanong ay PA meaning naka prone? Edi baliktarin mo lang

SA S CE 15 – SACRUM SUPINE (ngayon PRONE) babaliktarin mo lang yung central ray magiging
CAUDAD na imbis na cephalad. Ganun din sa coccyx.

C SU CA – KUNG AP NANG COCCYX PASOK TO. 10 DEGREES CAUDAD. KUNG PA BALIGTARIN

LANG GAWING CEPHALAD. UNG DEGREES DI MAG BABAGO.

98. Which of the following do not belong to compensatory curves?

1. Cervical
2. Lumbar
3. Thoracic
4. Pelvic
A. 1 and 3 only C. 2 only
B. 3 and 4 only D. 4 only

Ratio: pag sinabing compensatory or secondary curves ay curves sa spine na nabubuo lang
habang nahuhubog ang pag tanda nang isang bata. Meron din kasing tinatawag na primary
curves na kung saan pag silang pa lang nandun na agad present na ung curves.

PRIMARY CURVES- THORACIC AT PELVIC

SECONDARY/COMPENSATORY- LUMBAR AT CERVICAL

Ang cervical at lumbar ay di agad present and lordotic curvatures niyan sa bata. Straight pa yun.
Nag kakakurba lang habang lumalaki. Yun ung ibig sabihin nun . so ang tamang sagot ay letter. B.
kasi ang hinahanap natin ay PRIMARY CURVES dahil ang sabi ay does not belong to
compensatory.

99. Which of the following is true about judd method?

1. The patient is placed in prone position
2. Central ray passes on the occiput
3. It demonstrates the dens projected thru the shadow of the obturator foramen

A. 1 only C. 2 only
B. 1 and 2 only D. All of the above

Ratio: JUDD method. 1 and 2 are correct except 3, Letter B. it demonstrates the dens thru the
shadow of the foramen magnum, not obturator foramen.

100. What specific position is use to demonstrate the right cervical intervertebral foramina in an AP
oblique projection?
A. LPO C.LAO
B. RPO D. RAO

Ratio: RULE number 2 in outline 80.

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AP Oblique nang cervical , farthest form the film ang pinapakita. So pag sinabing AP Oblique
meaning dalawang position lang yan. Either LPO at RPO, dun ka lang mamimili.

Tignan natin. Ung rule number 2 ating I apply.

Sabi FARTHEST.

So kapag
LPO – ang malayo sa cassete ay yung RIGHT, so ang LPO ay RIGHT cervical IF ang pinapakita.
RPO – ang malayo sa cassete ay yung LEFT, so and RPO ay LEFT cervical IF ag pinapakita.

Ang tanong ay anong position ang gagawin mo para maipakita ang RIGHT. O diba? Nakuha mo!
Letter A. LPO.

*** END ***

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