SULPHUR

SAFETY DATA SHEET

SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION

Product Identity: Molten Sulphur.

Trade Names and Synonyms: Sulfur, flowers of sulfur, brimstone.

Manufacturer: Supplier: Preparer:

Teck Metals Ltd. Teck Metals Ltd. Teck Metals Ltd.
Trail Operations Trail Operations Suite 3300 – 550 Burrard Street
Trail, British Columbia Trail, British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia
V1R 4L8 V1R 4L8 V6C 0B3
Emergency Telephone: 250-364-4214

Date of Last Review: December 7, 2018.

Date of Last Edit: December 7, 2018.

Product Use: Raw material used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid and sulphur dioxide.

Restrictions on Use: None identified to date.

Note: Although this SDS was prepared to address the hazards of molten sulphur, Teck Metals Ltd. recognizes that the product
transforms into a solid rapidly upon cooling. Sections 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 address the hazards of the dry, as well as the
molten, state of sulphur.

SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION:
Health Physical Environmental
Acute Toxicity (Oral, Inhalation) – Does not meet criteria Flammable Solids – Category 2 Aquatic Toxicity –
Skin Corrosion/Irritation – Does not meet criteria Combustible Dust – Category 1 Short Term/Long Term
Eye Damage/Eye Irritation – Does not meet criteria Does not meet criteria
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization – Does not meet criteria
Mutagenicity – Does not meet criteria
Carcinogenicity – Does not meet criteria
Reproductive Toxicity – Does not meet criteria
Specific Target Organ Toxicity
Acute Exposure – Does not meet criteria
Chronic Exposure – Does not meet criteria

LABEL:
Symbols: Signal Word:

WARNING

Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements:

WARNING!
Flammable Liquid/Solid. Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open
May form combustible dust concentrations in air. flames, and other ignition sources. No smoking.
Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
Use explosion-proof equipment if dust cloud can occur.
Wear protective gloves, clothing and eye protection
(and face protection where appropriate).
IN CASE OF FIRE: Use dry sand, etc. on small fires.
Use water spray, fog or foam on larger fires.

Emergency Overview: An amber-to-yellow liquid or a bright yellow powder. Sulphur is relatively non-toxic and poses little
immediate health hazard to the environment or emergency response personnel unless it is involved in a fire. Both solid and liquid

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sulphur are combustible and generate large quantities of toxic and irritating sulphur dioxide gas on burning. Molten sulphur is hot
enough to cause serious thermal burns to unprotected skin. Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained
breathing apparatus in emergency situations involving burning sulphur.

Potential Health Effects: Sulphur is relatively non-toxic to humans, causing only mild local irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and
upper airways. However, under certain circumstances it may release toxic hydrogen sulphide and/or sulphur dioxide gases. Sulphur
is not listed as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP, IARC or ACGIH (see Toxicological Information, Section 11).

Potential Environmental Effects: This product has the potential to pose ecological risks to organisms in both aquatic and
terrestrial environments. Discharge of the product to soil and water should be prevented (see Ecological Information, Section 12).

SECTION 3. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS CAS Registry No. CONCENTRATION (% wt./wt.)

Sulphur 7704-34-9 99.5%

Note: See Section 8 for Occupational Exposure Guidelines.

SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Eye Contact: Symptoms: Mild eye irritation, redness: Do not allow victim to rub eye(s). Let the eye(s) water naturally for a few
minutes. If particle/dust does not dislodge, flush with lukewarm, gently flowing water for 5 minutes or until particle/dust is
removed, while holding eyelid(s) open. If irritation persists, obtain medical advice/attention. DO NOT attempt to manually remove
anything stuck to the eye.

Skin Contact: Symptoms: Mild irritation, dryness, thermal burn from molten sulphur. Dry sulphur: No health effects expected. If
irritation does occur, wash with mild soap under lukewarm, gently flowing water for 5 minutes. If irritation persists, obtain medical
advice/attention. Molten sulphur: Flush contact area to solidify and cool but do not attempt to remove encrusted material or clothing.
Cover burns and seek medical attention immediately.

Inhalation: Symptoms: Coughing, irritation in heavy dust clouds. Remove source of contamination or move victim from
exposure area to fresh air. Obtain medical advice/attention if you are concerned or feel unwell.

Ingestion: Symptoms: Throat dryness, sulphur taste. If swallowed, no specific intervention is indicated as this material is not
likely to be hazardous by ingestion. However, if irritation or discomfort occurs or you are concerned, obtain medical
advice/attention.

SECTION 5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Fire and Explosion Hazards: Both molten and solid forms are combustible and will ignite at high temperatures (200C),
burning with a pale blue flame that may be difficult to see in daylight. Sulphur dust suspended in air ignites easily and can cause
explosions in confined spaces. Sulphur dust clouds can be ignited by friction, static electricity, heat, sparks or flames. Traces of
hydrogen sulphide and sulphur vapor may present an explosion hazard if evolved into a confined space or enclosed space,
particularly from molten sulphur. The LEL of hydrogen sulphide (4.3% by volume in air) may be exceeded in enclosed spaces
above molten sulphur.

Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use direct water streams as the burning sulphur may float and
further spread the fire. Sand, dry chemical or fine earth/finely crushed stone may be used for small fires. Steam or inert gases
are excellent extinguishers for use in containers that can be tightly closed.

Fire Fighting: Evacuate non-essential personnel from the fire area immediately. Toxic fumes of sulphur dioxide will result from
combustion. Fire fighters must be fully-trained and wear full protective clothing including an approved, self-contained breathing
apparatus which supplies a positive air pressure within a full face-piece mask. Do not spray water directly into containers of
molten sulphur due to the danger of boil over. Also avoid spraying direct streams of water that may scatter burning sulphur and
spread the fire or create sulphur dust clouds and cause an explosion. For large fires, consider evacuation of an area downwind of
fire if necessary. Fire will rekindle until mass has been cooled to below approximately 150C. Cool surrounding area and
containers until well after the fire is out to prevent re-ignition.

SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Procedures for Cleanup: Control source of spillage if possible to do so safely. Contain spill, isolate area, and deny entry to
unauthorized personnel. Remove all potential ignition sources. Ventilate area. Prevent spread of liquid by diking or ditching and
allowing material to cool and solidify. Clean up spilled material immediately, observing precautions in Section 8, Personal
Protection and using methods which will minimize dust generation (e.g., dampen material and shovel or wet sweep using natural

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fiber brooms and aluminum shovels to prevent sparks). Return uncontaminated spilled material to the process if possible. Place
contaminated material in suitable labeled containers for later recovery or disposal. Treat or dispose of waste material in
accordance with all local, regional, and national requirements. If molten sulphur is accidentally released into a confined or
enclosed space, monitor for hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide build-up in the vapor space above the spill.

Personal Precautions: Protective clothing, gloves, and an acid gas/particulate respirator are recommended for persons
responding to an accidental release. Close-fitting safety goggles may also be necessary in some circumstances to prevent eye
contact with sulphur dust.

Environmental Precautions: This product has the potential to pose ecological risks to organisms in both aquatic and terrestrial
environments. Discharge of the product to soil and water should be prevented. Prevent spillage from entering sewers or natural
watercourses.

SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Precautions for Safe Handling: Hydrogen sulphide gas may accumulate in storage tanks and bulk transport compartments
containing this material, particularly when molten, so always exercise caution when working around or opening bulk containers.
Closed tanks or pits should be vented to the atmosphere using steam jacketed vent lines. Head space above molten sulphur may
contain high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide or sulphur dioxide in the toxic and explosive range. Ventilate thoroughly before
permitting entry. Avoid generating dust and the release of dust into the workplace as this creates a potential explosion hazard.
Since dry sulphur may accumulate static charge build-up, which could become an ignition source, transfer using proper grounding
procedures. See the latest edition of NFPA Standard 655 – Prevention of Sulphur Fires and Explosions for specific guidance on
dust explosion prevention.

Conditions for Safe Storage: Keep container closed and store in a dry, cool, covered, and well-ventilated area, away from
flammable materials, sources of ignition and oxidizing agents.

SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

Occupational Exposure Guidelines: (Time-Weighted Average (TWA) concentration over 8 hrs. unless otherwise indicated)
Component ACGIH TLV OSHA PEL NIOSH REL
Sulphur None established* None established* None established*
NOTE: OEGs for individual jurisdictions may differ from those given above. Check with local authorities for the applicable OEGs in your
jurisdiction.
ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration; NIOSH -
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. TLV – Threshold Limit Value, PEL – Permissible Exposure Limit, REL – Recommended
Exposure Limit.

* - NOTE: While there are no established OELs for elemental sulphur as such, there are OELs for the sulphur dioxide gas which will be formed
during any combustion processes. The OSHA PEL for SO2 is a time-weighted average concentration (TWA) of 5 ppm, the ACGIH TLV is a
short term exposure limit (STEL) of 0.25 ppm and the NIOSH REL is a TWA of 2 ppm and a STEL of 5 ppm.

NOTE: The selection of the necessary level of engineering controls and personal protective equipment will vary depending upon
the conditions of use and the potential for exposure. The following are therefore only general guidelines that may not fit all
circumstances. Control measures to consider include:

Ventilation: Use adequate local or general ventilation to maintain the concentration of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in
the working environment well below recommended occupational exposure limits. Use a non-sparking, grounded ventilation
system separate from other exhaust ventilation systems. Locate dust collectors outdoors if possible and provide dust collectors
with explosion vents. Supply sufficient replacement air to make up for air removed by the exhaust system. Ventilation systems
may need to be designed using steam tracing or other means to prevent plugging with sublimed sulphur.

Protective Clothing: Gloves and coveralls, shop coat or other work clothing with long sleeves are recommended to prevent
direct skin contact, particularly when handling molten sulphur. Eye protection should be worn where fume or dust is generated.
Chemical splash goggles and full face shield should be worn where any possibility exists that eye or face contact with liquid
sulphur may occur. Respiratory protection may be required where fume or dust is generated. Workers should wear insulated
gloves and heat- and chemical-resistant clothing when handling molten sulphur. Safety type boots are recommended.

Respirators: Where dust or sulphur dioxide is generated and cannot be controlled to within acceptable levels, use appropriate
NIOSH-approved respiratory protection equipment (a combination of a 42CFR84 Class N, R or P-95 or 100 particulate filter and
an acid gas cartridge). Where hydrogen sulphide is present or possibly present in confined spaces at hazardous levels a NIOSH-
approved supplied air respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is necessary.

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General Hygiene Considerations: Precautions should be taken to minimize skin and eye contact with material. Refrain from
eating or drinking in work areas. Smoking should not be permitted in any sulphur storage or handling areas. Thoroughly wash
hands before eating, drinking, or smoking in appropriate designated areas.

SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Appearance: Odour: Odour Threshold: pH:

Amber to Yellow Odourless or faint rotten H2S – <0.01 ppm Not Applicable
Liquid/Solid egg odour
Vapour Pressure: Vapour Density: Melting Point/Range: Boiling Point/Range:
<0.001 mm Hg @ 20°C Not Applicable 112-120°C 444.6°C
0.11 mm Hg @140°C

Relative Density (Water = 1): Evaporation Rate: Coefficient of Water/Oil Solubility:

1.92 - 2.07 Solid Sulphur Not Available Distribution: Not Available Insoluble
1.811 Molten Sulphur
Liquid 1.811 kg/L Lumps 1201-1842 kg/m3 Powder 528-1281 kg/m3
Bulk Density: (113 lb/ft3) (75 – 115 lb/ft3) (33 – 80 lb/ft3)
Flash Point: Flammable Limits (LEL/UEL): Auto-ignition Temperature: Decomposition Temperature:
160C (Closed Cup) 35 g/m3 / 1400 g/m3 (Dust) 232C Thermally stable

SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Stability & Reactivity: Sulphur is stable and not considered reactive under normal temperatures and pressures. Hazardous
polymerization or runaway reactions will not occur.

Incompatibilities: Oxidizing agents, alkali metals, hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine. Sulphur may form explosive mixtures with
powerful oxidizing agents such as chlorates, perchlorates and/or nitrates. Damp sulphur is corrosive to steel, particularly in the
presence of chlorides.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Burning sulphur liberates large volumes of sulphur dioxide which will be extremely
irritating to eyes and breathing passages. Hydrogen sulphide gas may be released from molten sulphur under certain storage
conditions and can accumulate to toxic and potentially explosive concentrations in the vapor space of molten sulphur storage or
transportation systems.

SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

General: Sulphur itself is essentially non-toxic. Molten sulphur is a hazardous material because of its high temperature (>122°C).
Under certain conditions both heated and dry sulphur may evolve toxic hydrogen sulphide and/or sulphur dioxide gases. At
increasing concentration levels, these gases can cause eye and respiratory irritation. Breathing failure, unconsciousness and
death may result from exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide, without any warning odour being sensed.

Acute:
Skin/Eye: Molten: Skin contact with molten material will cause thermal burns. Molten sulphur in the eye will cause burns and
permanent damage. Exposure to sulphur vapours may be irritating to the eyes. Dry: Eye contact with dusts may be irritating.

Inhalation: Dusts may be irritating to the throat and lungs. Inhalation of low levels of vapours containing hydrogen sulphide or
sulphur dioxide can produce respiratory tract irritation characterized by sneezing, coughing, sore throat and chest pain. At
increasing concentrations exposure to hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide can result in pulmonary edema, dizziness, nausea,
respiratory paralysis, unconsciousness and death. Asthmatics may be more susceptible to sulphur dioxide exposures.

Ingestion: Ingestion of dry sulphur may cause irritation of the mouth and sore throat.

Chronic: Repeated or prolonged contact with dry sulphur powder may be irritating to the eyes and skin in some individuals,
leading to dermatitis, eczema, skin ulcers, and allergic reactions. Repeated inhalation exposure to dust may cause bronchitis and
irritation to mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to low levels of sulphur dioxide has produced
respiratory problems in animals. Sulphur is not considered a human carcinogen by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), the National Toxicology Program (NTP), the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH) or the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

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Animal Toxicity:
Hazardous Ingredient: Acute Oral Acute Dermal Acute Inhalation
Toxicity: Toxicity: Toxicity:
Sulphur >8437 mg/kg† >2000 mg/kg* >5.43 mg/L‡
† ‡
LD50, Rat, Oral, * LD50, Rat, Dermal LC50, Rat, Inhalation, 4 hour

SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

There is minimal immediate ecological risk from spills of this product. However, over long-term exposure under aerobic
conditions, sulphur can oxidize, yielding acidic runoff (water) or acidic conditions in soils; the oxidized form, due to its acid nature,
has the potential to adversely affect aquatic and terrestrial organisms. In addition, under anaerobic conditions, elemental sulphur
can be biochemically reduced to forms such as sulphide ion or hydrogen sulphide, which have the potential to pose ecological
risks.

SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

If material cannot be returned to process or salvage, dispose of in accordance with applicable regulations.

SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Proper Shipping Name U.S. DOT and Transport Canada........................ Sulfur, molten
Transport Canada and U.S. DOT Hazard Classification .......................... Class 4.1, Packing Group III
Transport Canada and U.S. DOT Product Identification Number ............. UN2448
Marine Pollutant ....................................................................................... No
IMO Classification .................................................................................... Class 4.1
*Product is transported in a molten state.

SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

U.S.
Ingredient Listed on TSCA Inventory ....................................................... Yes
Hazardous Under Hazard Communication Standard ............................... Yes
CERCLA Section 103 Hazardous Substances ......................................... No
EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substance ............................ No
EPCRA Section 311/312 Hazard Categories ........................................... Physical Hazard - Flammable Solid
EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory: ........................................ This product does not contain toxic chemicals subject to
Toxic Release Inventory reporting requirements.

Canada:
Listed on Domestic Substances List ........................................................ Yes

SECTION 16. OTHER INFORMATION

Date of Original Issue: December 18, 1998 Version: 01 (First edition)

Date of Latest Revision: December 7, 2018 Version: 12

The information in this Safety Data Sheet is based on the following references:

- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2004, Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological
Exposure Indices, 7th Edition plus updates.
- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2018, Guide to Occupational Exposure Values.
- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2018, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical
Agents and Biological Exposure Indices.
- Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 20th Anniversary Edition. (P. G. Urben, Ed), 1995.
- Commission de la santé et la sécurité du travail, Service du répertoire toxicologique, Soufre, 2008-03.
- Extoxnet Pesticide Information Profile – Sulfur (Revised 9/95), National Pesticide Information Centre, Oregon State University.
- Health Canada, Hazardous Products Regulations SOR/2015-17, 11 February 2015.
- International Labour Office (WHO/ILO) Encyclopedia of Occupational Health & Safety 4th Ed. CD-ROM Version (1998).
- European Chemical Agency (ECHA) - Registered Substances Database - Sulfur (last accessed 26 November 2018).
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2001, The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, Thirteenth Edition.
- National Library of Medicine, National Toxicology Information Program, Hazardous Substance Data Bank. (on-line version).
- New Zealand Department of Labour, Approved Code of Practice for the Prevention of Sulphur Fires and Explosions, Sept 1993.

December 7, 2018 Sulphur Page 5 of 6

- Patty's Toxicology, Fifth Edition, 2001: E. Bingham, B. Cohrssen & C.H. Powell, Ed.
- U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances (RTECS) CCOHS Web Access subscription (last accessed 26 November 2018).
- U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1989, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910.1000 and 1910:1200.
-
- Acronyms not spelled out elsewhere in the SDS:
-
- CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
- CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
- DOT: Department of Transport
- EPCRA: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
- IMO: International Maritime Organization
- LD50 LC50: Lethal Dose 50%, Lethal Concentration 50%
- TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act
- Wt.: Weight

Notice to Reader
Although reasonable precautions have been taken in the preparation of the data contained herein, it is offered solely for your
information, consideration and investigation. Teck Metals Ltd. extends no warranty and assumes no responsibility for the
accuracy of the content and expressly disclaims all liability for reliance thereon. This safety data sheet provides guidelines for the
safe handling and processing of this product; it does not and cannot advise on all possible situations. Therefore, your specific use
of this product should be evaluated to determine if additional precautions are required. Individuals exposed to this product should
read and understand this information and be provided pertinent training prior to working with this product.

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