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Formulasheet

This document contains the equations, formulas, constants, and trigonometric relations that students may find useful for Exam 2 in Physics 2048 - Physics with Calculus 1. It includes equations for motion in one and multiple dimensions, Newton's laws of motion, work and energy, momentum, rotation, gravity, oscillations, wave motion, and some trigonometric identities. The exam will be administered by Dr. Misak M. Sargsian on June 15, 2023.

Uploaded by

Annypaola Martinez
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Formulasheet

This document contains the equations, formulas, constants, and trigonometric relations that students may find useful for Exam 2 in Physics 2048 - Physics with Calculus 1. It includes equations for motion in one and multiple dimensions, Newton's laws of motion, work and energy, momentum, rotation, gravity, oscillations, wave motion, and some trigonometric identities. The exam will be administered by Dr. Misak M. Sargsian on June 15, 2023.

Uploaded by

Annypaola Martinez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name (Print: LAST, FIRST)

Panther ID:

Physics 2048 – Physics with Calculus 1


Exam 2, June 15, 2023

Dr. Misak M. Sargsian

USEFUL EQUATIONS AND NUMBERS:

Motion in One Dimension


Displacement x = x2 x1
Average Velocity vav = xt Instantaneous velocity v(t) = dx
dt
2
Average acceleration vav = vt Instantaneous acceleration a(t) = dv
dt
= ddt2x
Velocity at given time v = v0 + at Position at given time x = x0 + v0 t + 12 at2

Motion in Two and Three Dimensions


Vector components Ax =
q
Acos(✓), Ay = Asin(✓)
2
Vector magnitude A = Ax + Ay 2

Position vector ~r = xî + y ĵ + z k̂


2
Instantaneous velocity ~v (t) = d~dt
r
Instantaneous acceleration ~a(t) = d~ v
dt
= ddt2~r
Velocity at given time ~v = ~v0 + ~at Position at given time ~r = ~r0 + ~v0 t + 12 ~at2
Equations through the x components: vx = v0x + ax t, x = x0 + v0x t + 12 ax t2
Equations through the y components: vy = v0y + ay t, y = y0 + v0y t + 12 ay t2

Newton’s Law
P
Second Law F~ = m~a
P P
Through x projections: Fx = max Through y projections: Fy = may
~ = m~g ; g = 9.81m/s2
Weight w Hook’s law Fx = k x

Applications of Newton’s Law


Maximal Static friction: fs,max = µs Fn Static Frication fs  µs Fn
Kinetic Friction: fk = µk Fn

1
Work and Energy
x
R2
Work: constant force W = F cos✓ x variable force Fx dx
x1
R2
Work: constant Force in three dimensions W = F~ · ~s variable force ~
F~ · ds
1
Kinetic Energy K = 12 mv 2
Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem Wtotal = K = 12 mvf2 1
2
mvi2
Dot Product A ~·B~ = ABcos✓
Power P = dt = F~ · ~v
dW
Potential Energy dU = F~ · ds~
Gravitational potential energy U = mgy Potential energy of spring U = 12 Kx2

Conservation of Energy
Mechanical Energy Emech = K + U
Conservation of mechanical energy K + U = const
Kf + U f = Ki + U i

Systems of Particles and Conservation of Momentum


P
Center of mass: M~rcm = mi~ri
i
Motion of center of mass: F~net,ext = M~acm
p2
Momentum p~ = m~v K = 2m
P
When Fnet,ext = 0 p~i = const

Rotation
2
Angular velocity: ! = d✓
dt
Angular acceleration ↵ = d!dt
= ddt2✓
Tangential speed: v = r! Tangential acceleration: a = r↵
2
Centripetal acceleration: ac = vr = r! 2
P
Torque: ⌧ = F l Moment of Inertia: I = mi ri2
Moment of inertia of uniform disk: I = 12 M R2 , hoop I = M R2 , solid sphere I = 25 M R2
Newton’s Second Law for rotation: ⌧net,ext = I↵
Kinetic energy: K = 12 I! 2

Conservation of Angular Momentum


Vector Nature of Rotation: velocity !
~ Torque ~⌧ = ~r ⇥ F~
Vector product: ~⇥B
A ~ = ABsin n̂
Angular momentum L ~ = ~r ⇥ p~
Conservation of angular momentum: if ⌧net,ext = 0 Lsys = const

2
Gravity
Newton’s Law of Gravity: magnitude F = Gmr21 m2
12
vector force F~ = Gmr21 m2 r̂12
12
G = 6.67 ⇥ 10 11 N m2 /kg 2
Gravitational potential energy: U (r) = GMr m , U = 0 at r ! 1
g = GM
R2
E
; radius of the earth: RE = 6.37 ⇥ 106 m
E q
2GME
Escape Velocity: ve = (RE +h)

Oscillations
Position function: x = Acos(!t + ) ! = 2⇡f = 2⇡/T
Total energy: Etotal = 12 kAq2 KAV = UAV = 12 Etotal q
Period: for spring T = 2⇡ m k
for simple pendulum T = 2⇡ Lg

Wave Motion
Wave function: y(x, t) = Acos(kx ± !t + )
! = 2⇡f = 2⇡/T q
k = 2⇡ v = f q
Speed of waves on a string v = Fµ sound waves v = B⇢ , speed of sound: 340 m/s

Some Trigonometric Relations


cos(↵ + ) = cos(↵) cos( ) sin(↵) sin( )
sin(↵ + ) = sin(↵) cos( ) + cos(↵) sin( )
cos(90 ↵) = sin(↵); cos(180 ↵) = cos(↵)
sin(90 ↵) = cos(↵); sin(180 ↵) = sin(↵)
1 cos(↵) = 2 sin2 ( ↵2 ); sin(2↵) = 2 sin(↵) cos(↵)

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