THE DEFINITION OF VERB

GROUP 2
Yuandionisius Kuamano (23403004)
Vinolia Putri Suwija (23403020)
Jonathan David Mawey (23403007)
Glory Lyrenia Putri Tambelangi (23403006)
Mikha Evangelista F. Tumonggor (23403044)
 CHAPTER 1 :
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Verbs are fundamental components of language, serving as the engine of
communication. They convey actions, events, and states, enabling us to express
thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Understanding verbs is essential in
linguistics and language acquisition, as they play a pivotal role in forming
sentences and conveying meaning.
Verbs exhibit intricate characteristics such as tense, aspect, mood, and voice,
which contribute to the richness and precision of language. Linguists have
classified verbs into various categories, and the study of verb conjugation and
syntax sheds light on the structure and grammatical rules governing their usage.
Moreover, verbs often participate in the creation of metaphors, idioms, and
cultural expressions, reflecting the cultural and social nuances of a language.
Research on verbs can also extend to the cognitive processes involved in language
comprehension and production, revealing insights into how the human brain
processes information.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1) What is Verb?
2) What are the forms and kinds of verbs?
3) What is the function of verb in a sentence?
 CHAPTER 2:
DISCUSSION
2.1 Definition Of Verb

Verbs are used to express the activity of something or a group of nouns. In a

sentence, verbs function as predicates. Verbs generally require an object (called
transitive verbs), but there are also some verbs
that do not require an object (called intransitive verbs). Verbs are the most
important type of word in a sentence. The most important type of word in a
sentence. Even in spoken language, with just a verb alone, we can express an idea
that can be understood by others.

2.2 Type Of Verb

1. Transitive and Intransitive Verb

 Transitive Verb (Verbs That Require Objects)

These are verbs that require an object to complete the meaning of the sentence or
complete the meaning of the sentence. Transitive verbs include: Drink, watch,
read, fill, open, close, etc.
Example:
 He Eat The PIzza. (This sentence would be incomplete if we omitted "the
Pizza". People others will wonder – Eat what?, so Eat needs an object for the
meaning of the sentence to be understood).
 Shido cuts the tree. In other words, this verb cannot stand alone without a
noun or pronoun.
Transitive verbs generally only have one object. This object can be :
 Noun.
Example: I have bought a truck
 Pronoun
Example: I will see it
 Infinitives (basic verbs)
Example: I want to Run
 Gerunds (verbs that are modelled)
 Example: He likes Swimming
 Phrases
Example: They don't know how to make it go
 Clause
Example : He dont know what she want

But there are some transitive verbs that have two objects (double objects). One is
generally the name of a specific thing, while the other is a specific person or
animal. The thing mentioned is called the and the person or animal mentioned is
called the Indirect Object.

Example :
I Brought Him a Car
A car = Direct Object and Him = Indirect Object
It is important to note that the Indirect Object is always located before or in front
of the Direct Object. If the Direct Object is placed after or behind the Indirect
Object, it must use the prepositions to and for.

 Intransitive Verbs (Verbs That Don't Need Objects)

These are verbs that don't need an object, because they can already be understood
the meaning of the sentence. Verbs that include Intransitive verbs include: Shine,
come, sit, boil, sleep, fall, cry, etc.
Example :
 The Man cries
 He is falling
 His head shinning

NOTE :
 There are also some verbs that can function as both transitive and intransitive
verbs.
Example:
 He drops his bottles. (transitive)
 The rain drops from the sky. (intransitive)
 The contestants still misunderstood then. (transitive)
  The contestants still misunderstood. (intransitive)
 They grow the Roses. (transitive)
 Rice grows in the fertile soil. (intransitive)
 There are some intransitive verbs that use Objective Nouns that have the
same meaning with the verb. The object is called Cognate Object
Example:
 He played the fool
 He died a miserable death

2. Regular and Irregular Verb

 Regular Verb
Regular verbs follow the standard conjugation rules for English verbs—most
verbs are regular. A verb is considered regular if its simple past and past
participle are formed by adding the suffix “-ed” (or “-d” if the word already ends
in the letter “e”).
Example:
Past simple and past participle of “finish” in a sentence
o “Sarah finished her work.”
o “Claude had finished his dinner when James called.”
o Jock has finished writing in his journal.
o Tina will have finished her course by the end of next month.

 Irregular Verb
Irregular verbs form their simple past and past participles in some way
other than by adding the suffix “-ed.”

Example:
Past simple and past participle of “swim” in a sentence
o Andre swam in all five of the Great Lakes last summer
o I had swum almost a mile when the island came into view.
o Melissa has swum every Saturday for the last three years.
o If he succeeds next week, Antonio will have swum the English
Channel ten times!

3. Stative and dynamic verbs

 Dynamic Verb
Dynamic verbs (also called action verbs) describe specific, temporary actions or
events (e.g., “eat,” “sleep,” “write”).
Examples: Dynamic verbs in a sentence
o Amy kicks the ball.
o Lydia is running to school.

 Stative Verb
Stative verbs describe a state of being or perception (e.g., “she is,” “it seems,”
“they belong”). They can also be used to describe a mental, emotional, or physical
state (e.g., “I believe,” “you hear”).
Stative verbs are typically used for a state of being that is general or unchanging,
so they can’t be used in the progressive (continuous) tense.
Examples: Stative verbs in a sentence
 Karl believes in himself.

4. Linking verbs
A Linking Verb (also called a copular verb) connects the subject of a sentence
with a “subject complement” (i.e., a noun or adjective that describes it). Common
linking verbs include the verbs “be,” “seem,” “become,” and “feel.”
Example:
Linking verbs in a sentence
o Fionn is proud.
o The pillow feels soft.

Most linking verbs can also be used as action verbs, describing a specific action
rather than a state (e.g., “Sofie feels the pillow”).

5. Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs) include verbs such as “be,”
“do,” and “have.” They’re used in combination with another (main) verb to
modify its meaning. Auxiliary verbs can be used to indicate tense, mood,
and voice. They’re also used to form negative statements when used with words
such as “not” and “never.”

Auxiliary verbs must be conjugated for tense and person (e.g., “I am,” “she
was”).

Example:
Auxiliary verbs
o I am waiting.
o Did you enjoy the meal?
o The door was locked.
o Alicia has not spoken to me for a week.
 6. Modal verbs
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used along with another (main) verb to
express ability, permission, possibility, necessity, or obligation. The main modal
verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would.
Modal verbs do not change form.

Examples: Modal verbs in a sentence

o I can read Arabic and Hebrew.
o Martin should speak a little louder.
o Talia ought to perform at the talent show.
o
7. Phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a phrase made up of two or more words that acts as an
individual verb. Phrasal verbs typically combine a verb with an adverb or
preposition to create a meaning independent of the original words. For example,
the verb “kick” and the preposition “off” combine to form the phrasal verb “kick
off,” which means “begin.”

Example: Phrasal verb

o I’m going to move out next month.

8. Gerunds
A gerund is a noun that takes the present participle (“-ing”) form of a verb.
Gerunds typically describe the same action as the verb from which they are
formed.

Example: Gerund in a sentence

o Eating fruits and vegetables is good for you

2.3 Usages Of Verb

Discussing the use of verbs, of course what is meant is their its use in sentences.
And sentences in English cannot be separated from 'tenses', which is the
realisation of the use of verbs based on time information. which is a manifestation
of the use of verbs based on time information. According toAccording to their use
in sentences, verbs are divided into 3 different groups, namely:

1. Infinitive verbs.
These verbs are either 'regular/irregular' or in the form of 'transitive/intransitive'
are used in the habitual tense (Simple Present Tense).
Example:
o Suda slept soundly. (Irregular/Intransitive)
o I play a guitar well. (Regular/Transitive)
 o Rini gives me much food. (Irregular/Transitive)
Verb 1 is the basic form of verbs in English. This first type of verb This first type
of verb is used when writing sentences in the simple present (tenses which is used
to describe current activities). An example of its use is in the following sentence:
o I usually go to office at 6.30 am.
o He always sleeps late to finish his job.
2. Preterite Verb (verb 2)
Whether 'regular/irregular' or 'transitive/intransitive', the second form of the verb
is specifically used in the past tense (Simple Past Tense). This second form of
verb is specifically used in the Simple Past Tense.
Example:
o My sister went to Liyue yesterday. (Irregular/Intransitive)
o Tatang invited me to his party. (Regular/Transitive)
o Furina broke my spectacles. (Irregular/Transitive)
o We arrived at school late. (Regular/Intransitive)
Verb form 2 is used to describe an event that has happened in the the past. It
cannot be used in other tenses. So if you are going to write about an event that
happened in the past, use the 2nd form of the verb.
Examples of usage im sentence :
o They Inazuma museum yesterday.
o Ganyu drank a glass of milk this morning

3. Past Participle (Third Tense Verb)

This verb has two scopes of use, namely in the 'have been' tense and in the passive
voice. (Perfect tense) and also in the passive voice.
Example:
 He has gone home. (Irregular/Intransitive)
 We have completed our assignment. (Regular/Transitive)
 I am invited to come to her party. (Regular/Passive)
 This poem was written by Zhongli. (irregular/passive)
This third form of verb cannot stand alone like the previous two. These verbs are
used in perfect tenses (tenses used to describe an event that has ended) in both the
present perfect tense and the past perfect tense.
Examples of of its use in a sentence are:
o I have finished my project this afternoon.
o Ningguang has clened her room
 CHAPTER 3
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
Verb is the word to show action, for example to buy, to write, to read, to run, and etc.
And to show state of being, for example to be, to have, to become, to seem, and etc.
Verbs consist of kinds, types and usages.

Verbs are the most important type of words in a sentence. Without verbs we cannot
make a sentence. Even in spoken language, only with a verb can we express an idea that
can be understood by others.

3.2 References
https://www.scribbr.com/category/verbs/

https://www.thesaurus.com/e/grammar/what-are-the-types-of-verbs/