#1

Asteel tube, 3.2 cm internal diameter, 0.25 cm thick and 4 metres long, is covered and lined
throughout with copper tubes 0.2 cm thick. The three tubes are firmly united at their ends.
tube is 600
This conmpoundtube is subjected to tension and the stress produced in the steel
kg/cm'. Determine (a) the elongation of the tube, (b) the stress in the copper tubes and (c)
the load carried by the combined tube. E for steel 21 x 10 kg/cm, E for copper = 11 x 10
kg/cm'.
Ans: (a)0.1143 cm (b) 314.3 Kg/cm &(c) 2988.5 kg

Coper
400cm
steel.

O25 Cnk32lo le- o25 Con

#2
Asteel bar 4 cm in diameter and 5 metres long is heated through 60C with its ends clamped
before heating. Estimate the thrust exerted by the steel bar on the clamps. E=2100 t/cm²
and coefficient of expansion, a = 11x105 per C. If the clamps have yielded by 0.05 cm, what
Would then be the thrust exerted?

Ans: (a) 17.42 t &(b) 14.78 t

5 mtr

#3
A steel tube, 4.5 cm external diameter and 3 mm thick, encloses centrally a solid copper bar
of 3cm diameter. The bar and the tube are rigidly connected together at the ends at a
temperature of 30°C. Find the stress in each metal when heated to 180°C. Also find the
increase in length if the original length of the assembly is 30 cm. Coefficient of expansion for
steel and copper are 1.08 x 10 and 1.7 x 105 respectively per °C. E=2.1 x 10 kg/cm for steel
and 1.1x 10 kg/cm? for copper.
Ans: Cu=528.5 kg/cm² compressive; Fe=943.9 kg/cm² tensile
Increase in length =0.0621 cm

CobberSteel

L:30cm
 30023
#4 A weight of 30tonnes is supported by a short concrete column 25 cm square, The colurnn is
strengthened by four steel bars in the corners of total cross-sectional area 60 cm, If the
modulus of elasticity for steel is 15 times that for concrete, find the stresses in the steel and
the concrete. If the stress in the concrete must not exceed 42 kg/cm', what area of steel is
required in order that the column may support a load of 60 tonnes?

Ans: o,= 307.2 kg/cm'; o, = 20.48 kg/cm'; A, = 57.4 cm'

4- 15cm

Steel lBars
25 Con

Cconci Celumn

Asolid steel bar 50cm long and 7 cm diameter, is placed inside an aluminium tube having
7.5 cm inside diameter and 10cm outside diameter. The aluminium tube is 0.015 cm longer
than the steel bar. An axial load of 60000 kg is applied to the bar and tube through rigid
cover plates as shown in Fig. Find the stresses developed in the steel bar and aluminium
tube. Efor steel =2.2 x 10 kg/cm² and Efor aluminium = 0.7 x 106 kg/cm?.
Ans: o, = 1068.2 kg/cm²; oA= 549.9 kg/cm²

Aernimum
50 Con Sfeel.

60000 s
#6
A wire strand consists of a steel vwire 2.7 mm diameter, covered by 6 bronze wires each of
2.5 mm diameter. The tensile modulus for steel is 2 x 10 kg/cm² and for bronze 8 x 10
kg/cm'. If the working stress for the bronze is 650 kg/cm', calculate the strength of the
strand and the equivalent tensile modulus for the complete strand.
Ans: P= 284.5 kg; E., = 9.95 x 10 kg/cm

of 2:5 Cm

X- Section of wi stoand
 support a
#7 Three long parallel wires, equal In length and In the same vertlcal plane, olntly s 2 cm' In
kg, The mlddle wire Is steel, the two outer ones are brass, and each
load of 1500
one-third of the load, a
section. After the wire lengths have been so adjusted as to carry
the fractlon of the whole
further load of 2500 kg Is added. Flnd the stress In each wlre and
brass Is 8 x 10 ke/cm.
load carried by the steel wire. Efor steel 2 x 10 kg/cm' and that for
Ans: o, 944.4 kg/cm'; Oian 527.8kg/cm'
Load fractlon by steel wire 0,4722

rigidly
a steel member and a copper member
#8 A composite bar is made up by connecting
cross-sectional area of the copper member is A cm?,
fixed at thir ends, as shown in Fig. The
the length and is A cm' for the other half of
while that of the steel member is 2A cm² for half
and copper are a and 1.3 a respectively,
the length. The coefficients of expansion of steel
respectively. Estimate the stresses induced in the
while the elastic moduli are E and 0.5 E
members due to a temperature rise of T°C.
Ans: o, = Ocy = (6/55) EaT

A Co 2A Com

Stel

Copþer, Aca
L
in
is held between two supports as shown
#9 composite bar made up of aluminium and steel
A the two
temperature of 38°C. What will be the stresses in
Fig. The bars are stress-free at a supports
the supports are unyielding, and (b) the
bars when the temperature is 21°C, if (a) of temperature is
come nearer to each other by 0.1 mm.
It can be assumed that the change
kg/cm; E for aluminium=7.4 x
steel =2.1 x 10
uniform all along the length of the bar. E for aluminium =23-4 x
kg/cm². Coefficient of expansion for steel, a = 11.7 x 106 per °C, a for
10
10 per °C. 125.1 kg/cm² tensile
Ans: (a) o = 500.4 kg/cm² tensile; o, =
72.7 kg/cm² tensile
(b) o = 290.8 kg/cm² tensile;o, =
steel Bar =S0 yn Aluniium Bar 25 on

6o Cn -30 Cn.
 Their upper
vertical wires are suspended at a distance of 50 cm apart as shown in Fig.
Two which carries a
lower ends support a rigid horizontal bar
#10
ends are firmly secured and their right
The left-hand wire has adiameter of 1,6 mm and is made of copper and the
load W.
of steel. Both wires initially are 4,5 m long.
handhas adiameter of 0.9 mm and is made both wires extend by
Determine the position of the line of action of load W if, due to W,
(a)
the same amount; of the bar.
Determine of the slope of the rigid bar if a load of 20 kg is hung at centre
(b)
Neglect self-weight of the bar.
Steel 2,1x 10 kg/cm
Valueof E: Copper 1.3 x 10 Kg/cm;
Ans: (a) x = 16.91 cm (b) Slope z 0,0033
rad.

steol
Cophor
=16mm
45 m

by two
at A and suspended at two points B and C
#11 Fig. below shows a rigid bar ABC hinged 2000 kg
respectively. The bar carries a load of
bars BD and CE made of aluminium and steel and
area ofrthe aluminium bar BD is 3 mm,
midway between Band C. The,cross-sectional
load takert by the two bars BD and CE
that of steel bar CE is 2 mm'. Determine the
Efor aluminium =7000 kg/mm'
Efor steel =20000 kg/mm? Ans: Pa= 348 kg, P, =1326 kg

Steel
Auniiun
=2 n
2o00
C