UNIT 2

INTRODUCTION TO 5G
 Contents
01 Motivation for 5G

02 5G targets

03 Technology components

04 Spectrum

05 Capabilities

06 The role of 3GPP in standardization

07 Future Goals

08 Use cases

09 5GPPP(Public -Private Partnership)

INTRODUCTION TO
• 5G will take the traditional mobile broadband to the extreme in terms of data rate, capacity and
availability.
• Enables new services like IoT and critical communications
• Targets are set very high with data rates up to 20 Gbps and capacity increases of up to 1000times
with flexible platforms for device connectivity, ultra -low latency, and high reliability.
• A number of new use cases and applications can be run on top of 5G mobile networks.
• It is expected that 5G can fundamentally impact all sections of society by improving efficiency,
productivity, and safety.
• 4G networks were designed and developed 10years ago, mainly by telecom operators and vendors
for the smartphone use case. Today, other parties, including different industries and communities,
are taking a lot of interest in 5G networks;
• 4G was about connecting people. 5G is about connecting everything
Contd...

Major inflection points leading to potential success

• Interesting inflection points for 5G as the new radio standard is the proliferation of the cloud
concept in wireless networks, and rapidly increasing use of artificial intelligence and machine
learning.
• 3G and 4G brought about enhanced capability for data connectivity. Some attractive technology
improvements includes touch screen devices, tablet form factors, and new business models with
application stores. These inflection points boosted success of 4G technology globally.
• IoT capability was added later on top of 4G, whereas IoT optimization has been built into 5G.
• URLLC will cross the chain for robust low latency communication.
• Further massive Machine Type Communication ( mMTC) makes it more economical to connect a very
large number of objects wirelessly to the network than with previous generations.
• 5G system design and deployment need to be different from the earlier mobile net work
generations because of the new requirements. 4G solutions are not good enough to deliver the
true 5G promises.
 MOTIVATION FOR 5G

Massive device
Mobile Broadband Low Latency
connectivity

Continuing growth in demand Mission critical services,

Connectivity for a growing for better mobile broadband supporting highly variable
number of very diverse devices experiences, capacity and performance in a cost and
performance energy-efficient manner

Customers' expectations and needs

TARGETS FOR 5G
5G Technology components
The targets of 5Gnetworks are beyond the capabilities of
existing mobile networks.
A number of new technologies are needed to fulfill all
those targets.
Contd...
1.New spectrum -
• 5G is the first mobile radio technology that is designed to operate on any frequency band between 400
MHz and 90 GHz.
• The low bands are needed for coverage and the high bands for high data rates and capacity. The initial
5G deployments use Time Division Duplex (TDD) between 2.5 and 5.0 GHz, Frequency Divi sion Duplex
(FDD) below 2.7 GHz, and TDD at millimeter wave at 24 -39 GHz.

2.Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) beam -

forming-
• Increases spec tral efficiency and network coverage
substantially.
• Beam-forming is more practical at higher frequencies
because the antenna size is comparable to the
wavelength, and the antenna size becomes smaller at
higher frequencies.
Contd...
3. Network slicing-
P hys i c a l a n d p ro t o c o l l aye rs i n 5 G n e e d f l ex i b l e
d e s i g n i n o rd e r t o s u p p o r t d i ffe re nt u s e c a s e s ,
d i ffe re n t f re q u e n c y b a n d s , a n d t o m a x i m i ze t h e
e n e rg y a n d s p e c t ra l eff i c i e n c y.
N e t wo r k s l i c i n g w i l l c re a t e v i r t u a l n e t w o r k
s e g m e nt s fo r t h e d i ffe re nt s e r v i c e s w i t h i n t h e
same 5G network.
T h i s s l i c i n g c a p a b i l i t y a l l o ws o p e ra t o rs t o
s u p p o r t d i f fe re nt u s e c a s e s a n d e n t e r p r i s e
c u s t o m e rs w i t h o u t h av i n g t o b u i l d d e d i c a te d
n e t wo r k s .
 Contd...
4. Dual connectivity and Long Term Evolution (LTE)
coexistence-
• 5G can be deployed as a stand -alone system, but
more typically 5G will be deployed together with
LTE in the early phase.
• A 5G device can have simultaneous radio
connections to 5G and to LTE.
• Dual connectivity can make the introduction of 5G
simpler, can increase the user data rate, and
improve reliability.
5. Support for cloud implementation and edge computing -
• The current architecture in LTE networks is fully distributed in the radio and fully centralized in the core
network.
• The low latency requires the content to be brought close to the radio, which leads to local breakout and
edge computing.
• Scalability requires the cloud benefits to be brought to the radio networks with edge cloud architecture.
• 5G radio and core net works are specified for native cloud implementation, including new interfaces
inside the radio network.
5G SPECTRUM
• 5G radio is designed for flexible utilization of all available spectrum options from 400 MHz to 90
GHz including licensed, shared, and unlicensed; FDD and TDD duplexing; and narrowband and
wideband allocations.
• The three main spectrum options are illustrated below.
Contd...
• T h e m i l l i m e t e r w ave s p e c t r u m a b o ve 2 0 G H z ca n p ro v i d e w i d e b a n d w i d t h u p t o 1 – 2 G H z , w h i c h
ra m p s u p t h e d a ta ra t e t o a ve r y h i g h 5 – 2 0 G b p s fo r ex t re m e m o b i l e b ro a d b a n d ca p a c i t y.
M i l l i m e t e r w ave i s m a i n l y s u i t e d fo r l o ca l u s a ge l i ke m a s s e ve nt s , o u t d o o r a n d i n d o o r h o t s p o t s ,
a n d f i xe d w i re l e s s u s e ca s e . O n e u s e ca s e fo r m i l l i m e t e r w ave i s p ro v i d i n g v e r y h i g h c a p a c i t y t o
p u b l i c t ra n s p o r t syst e m s l i ke t ra i n s o r t ra m s .
• T h e m i d - b a n d s p e c t r u m a t 2 . 5 – 5 . 0 G H z w i l l b e u s e d fo r 5 G co ve ra ge a n d c a p a c i t y i n u r b a n a re a s
b y re u s i n g ex i st i n g b a s e sta t i o n s i t e s . T h e s p e c t r u m a ro u n d 3 . 5 G H z i s a tt ra c t i v e fo r 5 G b e c a u s e i t
i s ava i l a b l e a l m o st g l o b a l l y, a n d t h e a m o u nt o f b a n d w i d t h ca n g o u p t o 1 0 0 M H z o r m o re p e r
o p e ra t o r a t t h a t f re q u e n c y. T h e p e a k d a ta ra t e i s 2 G b p s w i t h 1 0 0 M H z b a n d w i d t h a n d 4 × 4 M I M O.
• L o w b a n d s b e l o w 3 G H z , fo r F D D, a re n e e d e d fo r w i d e a re a r u ra l co v e ra g e , l o w l a t e n c y a n d h i g h
re l i a b i l i t y, a n d fo r d e e p i n d o o r p e n e t ra t i o n . E x t e n s i ve co ve ra ge i s i m p o r ta nt fo r t h e n e w u s e s
c a s e s l i ke I o T a n d c r i t i ca l co m m u n i ca t i o n . T h e l o w b a n d co u l d b e 7 0 0 M H z , w h i c h w a s m a d e
ava i l a b l e i n m a ny co u nt r i e s . A n o t h e r o p t i o n i s 9 0 0 M H z , w h i c h i s m o st l y o c c u p i e d b y 2 G a n d 3 G .
LT E a n d 5 G ca n b e d e p l o ye d o n t h e s a m e b a n d u s i n g a d y n a m i c s p e c t r u m s h a r i n g s o l u t i o n , w h i c h
m a ke s t h e re f ra m i n g a s m o o t h p ro c e s s .
Contd...
Global 5G spectrum options
CAPABILITIES
Contd...
• A peak rate of 10 Gbps assumes 1 GHz bandwidth with 2 ×2 MIMO and 256 QAM modulation with 10
bps/Hz.
• The cost per byte considers network capital expenditures ( capex) and operating expenditures
(opex). The cost per byte in 5G can be 10 × lower than in the reference case of LTE because of higher
spectral efficiency and wider bandwidth, which provide a lot more capacity per carrier in 5G.
• The transmission time in 5G is 0.125 ms, and even less with mini -slot, which enables a round trip
time of 1–2 ms together with the 5G architecture enabling local service provisioning. A practical LTE
round trip time is 10 –15 ms.
• The average power consumption for an IoT device is assumed to be 300 mW during active time and
0.02 mW during deep sleep. With one transmission per minute and each transmission lasting 0.1 s,
the energy consumption is less than 10 μWh per transmission.
• The efficiency improvement of 5 × compared to LTE is obtained with power saving techniques at low
load and with a wideband carrier up to 100 MHz.
• A spectral efficiency of 10 bps/Hz/cell assumes the use of massive MIMO beam -forming and four
antenna devices. The typical LTE downlink efficiency is 1.5 –2.0 bps/Hz/cell in the live networks with
2×2 MIMO.
Role of in standardization

5G timing in 3GPP

5G timing in commercial deployments

 Contd...
• 3GPP started the work toward 5G specifications 2015.
• The first set of 5G specifications was completed in Release 15 in December.
• A few important corrections still needed to be incorporated in the December 2018 version, which allows Non -
Standalone (NSA) 5G deployment together with LTE.
• The first full radio and core Stand-Alone (SA) release was completed in March 2019 version.
• The first commercial 5G networks were launched in Korea and in the United States in April 2019 based on the
Release 15 specifications.
• The targets for Release 16 completion is on December 2019 for the physical layer specifications and March 2020
for radio protocols, with backward compatibility starting in June 2020.
• The focus of the work in Release 15 was clearly on the mobile broadband aspects, with more focus on other use
cases in Release 16 and beyond.
• The first 5G networks were launched during first half of 2019, and many operators will have commercial 5G
running by the end of 2019.
• Looking at 3GPP specifications, 5G starts 9.5 years after LTE.
• The first version of LTE specifications was completed in March 2009, the very first network was launched by Telia in
December 2009, and a total of more than 40 commercial LTE networks were running by 2011 end, that is, nearly
three years after the specification was completed.
• It is expected that 5G launches and device availability will occur more rapidly than in LTE, as also can be seen from
the number of 5G devices released already during 2019 by several device vendors as well as multiple chipset
providers.
 USE CASES
5G networks enable a number of new uses cases for
consumers, enterprises, homes, and public domains
Contd...
• Video experience can be enhanced with 5G’s higher data rate to support 360 ∘ viewing, especially in
mass events, where 5G provides substantially higher capacity.
• Virtual reality and augmented reality, with gaming and other use cases, can enhance user
experience.
• Cloud gaming and esports experience can be improved by lower latency and higher data rates.
• One use case can be in -vehicle entertainment, allowing the user to enjoy high data rates and high -
quality video while moving.
• 5G use cases extend far beyond consumer applications. Many industrial applications are enabled by
high data rate, low latency, and extreme reliability, for example, industry automation with low
latency robot control, remote control of machinery, and traffic control, including support for
autonomous driving.
• 5G brings new capabilities also to public safety networks, agriculture automation, health care
monitoring, and fixed wireless access to homes and small enterprises.
Contd...

SUMMARY OF USE CASES

• The 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5G PPP) is a joint initiative between the
European Commission and European ICT industry (ICT manufacturers, telecommunications
operators, service providers, SMEs and researcher Institutions).
• The 5G-PPP is now in its third phase where many new projects were launched in Brussels in June
2018. The 5G PPP will deliver solutions, architectures, technologies and standards for the
ubiquitous next generation communication infrastructures of the coming decade.
• The challenge for the 5G Public Private Partnership (5G PPP) is to secure Europe’s leadership in
the particular areas where Europe is strong or where there is potential for creating new markets
such as smart cities, e-health, intelligent transport, education or entertainment & media.
• The 5G PPP initiative will reinforce the European industry to successfully compete on global
markets and open new innovation opportunities.
 Contd...
Ke y c h a l l e n ge s fo r t h e 5 G I n f ra s t r u c t u re P P P a re :
• P ro v i d i n g 1 0 0 0 t i m e s h i g h e r w i re l e s s a re a c a p a c i t y a n d m o re va r i e d s e r v i c e c a p a b i l i t i e s
c o m p a re d t o 2 0 1 0
• S av i n g u p t o 9 0 % o f e n e rg y p e r s e r v i c e p ro v i d e d . T h e m a i n fo c u s w i l l b e i n m o b i l e
c o m m u n i c a t i o n n e t wo r k s w h e re t h e d o m i n a t i n g e n e rg y c o n s u m p t i o n c o m e s f ro m t h e ra d i o
a c c e s s n e t wo r k
• Re d u c i n g t h e ave ra ge s e r v i c e c re a t i o n t i m e c yc l e f ro m 9 0 h o u rs t o 9 0 m i n u t e s
• C re a t i n g a s e c u re , re l i a b l e a n d d e p e n d a b l e I n t e r n e t w i t h a “ ze ro p e rc e i v e d ” d o w n t i m e fo r
s e r v i c e s p ro v i s i o n
• Fa c i l i ta t i n g ve r y d e n s e d e p l o y m e n t s o f w i re l e s s c o m m u n i c a t i o n l i n k s t o c o n n e c t o v e r 7 t r i l l i o n
w i re l e s s d e v i c e s s e r v i n g o ve r 7 b i l l i o n p e o p l e
• E n s u r i n g fo r e ve r yo n e a n d e ve r y w h e re t h e a c c e s s t o a w i d e r p a n e l o f s e r v i c e s a n d a p p l i c a t i o n s
at lower cost

5G RAN->