Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC 2019)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19K25-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7808-4

Arduino based safeguarding system by using sound

SalaiThillaiThilagam.J T.Sarath Babu B.Siva Reddy

Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE, G. Pulla Reddy Department of ECE, G. Pulla Reddy Department of ECE, G. Pulla Reddy
Engineering College, Kurnool, Engineering College, Kurnool, Engineering College, Kurnool,
Andhra Pradesh-518007, India. Andhra Pradesh-518007, India. Andhra Pradesh-518007, India.

Abstract— Based on Arduino, a security system model is II. LIT ERAT URE SURVEY
presented in this paper. Knock pattern is produced with the
construction of piezo sensor and Arduino series board. The Security system using the sound of knock is implemented by
Knock detector is a distinctive way to open a gate without a key. Gunjam Jewani, 2015 [4]-[5]. Another system of security is
Then a programmed ‘undisclosed’ knock sequence is allowed to proposed as the knock for unlocking by Biswarup Nandi, 2015
open the gate. When the ‘undisclosed’ knock sequence is detected [6]. Knock pattern based security system using Arduino and
by the electronic board, the gate is opened. In this way, the gate GSM communication is presented by R.Sai Charan Reddy
or door is opened by the user. This research work uses an 2018 [7].
Arduino microcontroller board to sense knocks on a door, and to
compare the timing ratio between knocks to a secret knock. The III. SYST EM DESCRIPT ION
effects are known from the glow of LED’s connected to the
board. It is a unique way of keeping the system secure with A. Construction
current technology. The proposed system of security using knock pattern is
constructed with electronic circuit perforated board, gear
Keywords— Arduino, knocks, security systems, sound.
motor, LED's, Piezo sensor and Arduino series board. The
I. INT RODUCT ION block diagram of the proposed system is displayed in figure 1.

Arduino is an electronic board of using microcontrollers. It

is programmed with a hex code. Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) is software running on ‘C’ program or
assembly program. In our daily life, Securing of anything is
made as main concern. Security is inevitable and wanted by
everyone. In a security chain, good manageble control system
is formed as vital link [1]. Arduino uno based security system
by using a Piezo sensor is proposed in this paper.
In the Arduino Uno control system, closing and opening of
the gate through knock patterns is expected.
After successful verification of a user through knock, the
gate gets opened based on vibrations and patterns. Here,
particular knock sequence pattern such as song music pattern Fig. 1. Arduino based safeguarding system block diagram.
or normal sound pattern can be assigned to the lock of the
gate. Therefore the person who knows the pattern only, can B. Functions Of The System
apply the knock pattern in certain accuracy to open the gate. The functions given below are carried out by the proposed
In addition to this, having keys on hand trouble may not system. Knock Detection, knocks recording, saving the knocks
occur with this gate lock system [2]. But the knock pattern sequences, knock sequences comparison, the state detection of
must be known accurately so as to user person to know the the system, the door opening, the door closing, state of the
knocking pattern for opening the gate door any time they lock determination. All the above are indicated by giving
want. By this way the security is increased. Further, if the signals through LEDs.
knock pattern is forgot by the user person, the gate door is Because of the advantages as open source, extensible
locked. Opening a lock of anything without a key is become software, and hardware simple, programming environment
true nowadays [3]. cross platform and inexpens ive characteristics, arduino is
By the means electronic lock, it has been done through selected for making the system model.
software coding. By giving some sound pattern as inputs to the Perforated board or Dot PCB is used as platform for
electronic system, the lock is opened. designing electronic circuits.

978-1-5386-7808-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 765

 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC 2019)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19K25-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7808-4

The mechanical knocks [5] are sensed and changed into

electrical pulses by the Piezo sensor. Opening and closing the
door lock is shown with the help of gear motor. The electrical
components [5] and circuit connectivity is shown in figure 2.
The overall model [7] is described in the figure 3.

Fig. 4. Piezo device Buzzer

A buzzer is made up of piezo electric material. This beeper

is device of audio signal transducer, which is associated with
electronics, mechanical, and micro electro mechanical.
Timers, Alarms, keystroke and knock sequences can be used
by buzzers. When a force is applied on the input pressure port,
the same force will impact on the force on the output side. By
this impact, a potential difference of voltages is generated on
the piezo electric crystal. The potential difference from the
Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the perforated board
device is proportional to the amount of the applied force.
1) Piezoelectric Application
C. Working Of Hardware Components i. The property of sound, pressure is converted into
This section includes the working of Piezo sensor, Infra electric signal in the microphones, and then amplified to the
Red sensor, DC motor, Arduino board and its PIN level of louder sound.
connections. ii. A fast deceleration is also possible by piezoelectric
material in car seat belts lock mechanism.
iii. Diagnosis of diseases is also made feasible in the
medical fields.
iv. This piezo device is used inside the electric lighter
useful in kitchens. The electric signal is created by the
pressure caused on the piezo device which results flash to fire
up.
v. High speed shock waves and blast waves cause the
study of piezoelectric material.

Fig. 3. Overall Circuit model with perforated board vi. Fertility treatment process makes use of this piezo
device.
First, for a person entering in to the recoding mode, a Automatic door gate openers in restaurants, malls and
switch button is kept on top of the gate door. We can select airports use this device for opening and closing door. It is
any secret sequence like rhythm of our favourite song etc. possible by pressure, exerted by person’s weight on the
The knock sequence is received by the electronic device. It sensors by which the potential difference is produced to make
is made sure as by blinking the LED lights on the device the door opening.
correctly. The two LED lights are positioned below the switch 2) Piezo electric device Transducer advantages:
button. For recording mode, the red light glows up and when
knock detection is identified by the green light. i. External force is not needed.
Once the secret knock is detected, the gate door is opened ii. Handling device is easy even for small dimensions.
and the person enabled opening the door. The Piezo buzzer is iii. The device is useful for high frequency response. The
shown in figure 4. Infrared sensor is displayed in figure 5.

978-1-5386-7808-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 766

 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC 2019)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19K25-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7808-4

Fig. 6. T op view of small DC Motor

Fig. 5. Infrared Sensor

An Electrical machine which changes electrical

Infrared light or radiation is invisible electromagnetic characteristics into mechanical characteristics is known as
radiation (EMR) with wavelength longer than visible light. It motor. A motor comprises a permanent magnetic field stator
ranges from 430 THz frequency, to 300 GHz, wavelength with a rotor. Among the two types of motors, DC motors are
from 700nm to 1mm. classified in to brush less motor, servo motor, and gear motor.
Wavelength of Infrared waves is divided into five types:
The DC motor working principle is given like this.
• The wavelength from 0.7 to 1.0 µm is called Near- "Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a
infrared. It is from the approximate end of the response of the magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force". The
eyes to that of silicon chip. direction of this mechanical force is known by left hand rule
of Fleming's.
• The wavelength from 1.0 to 3 µm is known as short
wave of Infra red. In GaAs materials cover to about 1.8 µm. Motor control components are bearings , bushings,
clutches, brakes, controls, drives, drive components,
• The wavelength from 3 to 5 µm is considered as Mid- encoders, resolves, Integrated motion control, limit switches,
wave infrared. It is defined by the atmospheric window. Also linear actuators, linear and rotary motion components, linear
Intium Antimonide [InSb] and lead selenide [PbSe] materials position sensing.
exhibit this wavelength.
The actual speed with torque is given by motors in a drive
• The wavelength varying from 7 to 14 µm is taken as system. The AC motor types are single phase and multiphase
Long-wave infrared. This is used by HgCdTe material and motors, universal motors, servo motors, induction motors,
micro bolometer devices. synchronous motor, and gear motor.
• The wavelength ranging from 12 to about 30 µm is A DC motor excluding gears is utilized in our research
called as Very-long wave infrared; It is covered by doped work.
silicon materials.
An important factor in gear motor selection is the
Infrared Sensor is an electronic device, which is meant to orientation of the output shaft. Next component the Arduino
identify the infrared radiation and convert that in to electrical Uno [6] is explained and shown in the figure 7.
characteristics. It is reflector type sensor where both
transmitter and receiver sit side by side, it gives you a
maximum distance of 10-15cm (may vary slightly depending
on the brightness of the IR led. It depends on the current that
we feed to it (and hence on the current limiting resistor used in
series with it).
Any change in the IR reflection (but not the static value
can even be detected up to several 10’s of centimeter with the
help of an operational amplifier acting as a filter cum
amplifier. But this won’t work if the obstacle is not moving in
front of the sensor. In continuation with this, The DC motor is
shown in the figure 6.

Fig. 7. Arduino-Uno board photo

978-1-5386-7808-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 767

 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC 2019)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19K25-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7808-4

The Arduino internal structure architecture is explained Transmit (TX), is to transmit TTL serial data from
and displayed in the figure 8. Arduino board to other connected peripheral devices.
Receive (RX), is to receive TTL serial data from external
peripheral devices to Arduino.
Voltage In (Vin), is used for giving <1V power supply to
Arduino board.
5V Pin is used to give power supply of 5V, to Arduino
components.
3.3V Pin is used to supply power to Arduino external
components.
Input Output Voltage Reference (IORef) permits shields
connected to Arduino electronic board to check the board
voltage at 3.3V or 5V.
5) Software
Arduino IDE comprises of two things - Arduino & IDE. It
is basically the software us ed by us to interact with our
Fig. 8. Arduino internal structure architecture Arduino [10].
It's an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
4)Architecture details: consisting of editor and a compiler. The editor is used to write
USBToPC pin is used to communicate Arduino to our code and the compiler is to make sure it runs error-free.
Personal Computer via Universal Serial Bus serially for IDE is a part of software in personal computer. It permits us to
programming/sending data to Arduino. create, compile and upload coding in the microprocessor
board.
DC Input is used for external power supply voltage range
of 7V to 12V DC. The battery of 9V is used to power the This Arduino IDE is able to download code directly in our
Arduino Uno board [5]. USB or Serial Arduino, by running both on MAC and
Personal Computer platforms. Arduino is a micro-controller
Reset Button clears the Arduino board when it is pressed. development board series - Uno, Mega, Nano, Mini etc. are a
In Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) allows the user to few examples. Now, any micro-controller (here it is the
prepare the microcontroller when it is in circuits, In Arduino Atmega 328 IC on the Arduino Uno or Atmega 1280 on
UNO without using Arduino IDE, ATmega328P-PU is arduino Mega) that needs to be programmed is basically fed
programmed directly with AVR instructions. with a hex code version of the code written in high level
(English) language. So, arduino development boards are fed
Serial Data (SDA) is the bidirectional data line, used by with the code via their Arduino IDE.
I2C.
Serial Clock (SCL) is the purpose to indicate that data is Now, IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is
ready on bidirectional data line, used by I2C. basically software that enables better and assisted code
Analog Read Reference (AREF), is mainly used for analog editing, compiling and debugging [11].
Reference function calls, accurate reference voltage source is The Arduino IDE runs on the C or assembly Platform. So,
in between 0V and 5V in AREF Pin. this Arduino IDE basically has inbuilt functions and
Ground (GND). commands that though work on C or assembly platform, are
customized to run on the arduino board. Thus Arduino IDE
Serial Clock (SCK), is utilised by Serial Peripheral serves for code editing, its compilation, debugging and then
Interface (SPI). burning the code into the arduino board.
Master Out Slave In (MOSI), transmits the data from A complete safeguarding security system (KBSS) based on
Master to Slave. sound using a Piezo beeper device with Arduino Uno is shown
in the figure 9.
Master In Slave Out (MISO), transmits the data to Master
from Slave. The system is controlled by the Arduino Uno. The result
shows the closing and opening of the gate door through the
Slave Select (SS) have been used for selecting the ‘Slave’.
knock patterns [12].
It is activated by low signal and deactivated by high signal.
INT0 and INT1 are hardware interrupt pins, to call the
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) when the pin change happens.

978-1-5386-7808-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 768

 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC 2019)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19K25-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7808-4

1-2 1
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V. CONCLUSION
This security system uses arduino-uno board and is
presented here to sense the knock pattern. It is compared with
the previous knock pattern. A button switch on one side is
used for recording mode. Any sequences of pattern can be
selected. Through LED’s recording is identified. Once the
Fig. 9. Complete proposed system of knock sequence designing correct pattern is detected, the lock is opened. It is keyless
system for a particular lock. Its locking technique is unique
IV. RESULT S and opening, closing a gate door with sound and satisfied
The inputs to the system are given as below. Initially the quality and requires less maintenance. In this generation of
Knock is given as the input at the buzzer and following that advanced technology, theft and crime has taken the aid of
another input is applied at the infrared sensor. The output is technology itself in achieving its results many times. This
described as given below. The Motor runs if the knock system is used to avoid such circumstances, sometimes even
sequence matches with the secret knock sequence [7]. In small things can lead to a great change.
addition to that if the infrared sensor detects any obstacle, the
LED glows. Acknowledgment
Step1: 'Defining the problem' the secret knock is created. Authors thank the Head of the Department of ECE,
This detector opens door on when knocks sound hears in a GPREC, Kurnool for rendering support to carry out the work
certain rhythm. in Research Centre.
Step2: For example, if we take a series of seven knocks.
If timing ratio between two knocks is 0.5 seconds. Initially
References
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