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Conditionals and Control Flow

else Statement
The else statement executes a block of code when boolean condition1 = false;
the condition inside the if statement is false . The
else statement is always the last condition.
if (condition1){
System.out.println("condition1 is
true");
}
else{
System.out.println("condition1 is not
true");
}
// Prints: condition1 is not true

else if Statements
else - if statements can be chained together to int testScore = 76;
check multiple conditions. Once a condition is true , a
char grade;
code block will be executed and the conditional
statement will be exited.
There can be multiple else - if statements in a single if (testScore >= 90) {
conditional statement.
grade = 'A';
} else if (testScore >= 80) {
grade = 'B';
} else if (testScore >= 70) {
grade = 'C';
} else if (testScore >= 60) {
grade = 'D';
} else {
grade = 'F';
}

System.out.println("Grade: " + grade); //

Prints: C
if Statement
An if statement executes a block of code when a if (true) {
specified boolean expression is evaluated as true .
System.out.println("This code
executes");
}
// Prints: This code executes

if (false) {
System.out.println("This code
does not execute");
}
// There is no output for the above
statement

Nested Conditional Statements

A nested conditional statement is a conditional boolean studied = true;
statement nested inside of another conditional
boolean wellRested = true;
statement. The outer conditional statement is
evaluated first; if the condition is true , then the
nested conditional statement will be evaluated. if (wellRested) {
System.out.println("Best of luck
today!");
if (studied) {
System.out.println("You are prepared
for your exam!");
} else {
System.out.println("Study before your
exam!");
}
}

// Prints: Best of luck today!

// Prints: You are prepared for your
exam!
AND Operator
The AND logical operator is represented by && . This System.out.println(true && true); //
operator returns true if the boolean expressions on
Prints: true
both sides of the operator are true ; otherwise, it
returns false .
System.out.println(true && false); //
Prints: false
System.out.println(false && true); //
Prints: false
System.out.println(false && false); //
Prints: false

NOT Operator
The NOT logical operator is represented by ! . This boolean a = true;
operator negates the value of a boolean expression.
System.out.println(!a); // Prints: false

System.out.println(!false) // Prints:
true

The OR Operator
The logical OR operator is represented by || . This System.out.println(true || true); //
operator will return true if at least one of the
Prints: true
boolean expressions being compared has a true
value; otherwise, it will return false .
System.out.println(true || false); //
Prints: true
System.out.println(false || true); //
Prints: true
System.out.println(false || false); //
Prints: false
Conditional Operators - Order of Evaluation
If an expression contains multiple conditional boolean foo = true && (!false || true);
operators, the order of evaluation is as follows:
// true
Expressions in parentheses -> NOT -> AND -> OR.
/*
(!false || true) is evaluated first
because it is contained within
parentheses.

Then !false is evaluated as true because

it uses the NOT operator.

Next, (true || true) is evaluation as

true.

Finally, true && true is evaluated as

true meaning foo is true. */

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