11 - Diabetes Mellitus
11 - Diabetes Mellitus
11 - Diabetes Mellitus
Benefits
*Insulin Independent action
*Low hypoglycemic risk
*Weight loss due to caloric loss
• Mechanism of action:
• The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is
responsible for reabsorbing filtered glucose in
the tubular lumen of the kidney. By inhibiting
SGLT2, these agents decrease reabsorption of
glucose, increase urinary glucose excretion, and
lower blood glucose.
• Inhibition of SGLT2 also decreases reabsorption
of sodium and causes osmotic diuresis.
• Therefore, SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce systolic
blood pressure. However, they are not
indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
• Pharmacokinetics and fate:
• These agents are given once daily in the morning.
• Canagliflozin should be taken before the first meal
of the day.
• Both drugs are mainly metabolized by
glucuronidation to inactive metabolites.
• While the primary route of excretion for
canagliflozin is via the feces, about one-third of a
dose is renally eliminated.
• These agents should be avoided in patients with
renal dysfunction
SGLT2-Inhibitors
Adverse-Effects
Infections Hypotension Tiredness
SGLT2 SGLT2
inhibitors inhibitors The
induce Increased
Induce glycosuria
glycosuria hypotension can lead to
thus can increased
Increases result in urination
chances of Dizziness and
getting Urinary tiredness
Tract
Infections
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
seminar