Basic - Spanish - Pages 50-55
Basic - Spanish - Pages 50-55
Basic - Spanish - Pages 50-55
Interrogatives
In the above examples the question looks just like a statement in the written form, but
with the addition of the question marks. However, when spoken, the intonation indicates
that a question is being asked.
When there is no subject mentioned the fact that it is a question will be indicated by
intonation alone:
¿Estudias mucho?
Do you study a lot?
¿Estamos en el centro?
Are we in the centre?
Notice that an inverted question mark is put at the beginning of a question in written
Spanish, even if the question is not the start of the sentence:
Interrogative words
¿cuál(es)? which?/what?
¿cómo? how?
¿cuándo? when?
¿cuánto(s)? how much/how many?
¿dónde? where?
¿por qué? why?
¿para qué? what for?
¿qué? what?
¿quién(es)? who?
Note: These words always have a written accent when used as question words.
You will have noticed that some of these words have feminine and plural forms, which
means that they have to agree with the noun to which they refer:
When ¿quién? is used as the direct object (see ‘Glossary of grammatical terms’) of a
verb, you must always put a before it, i.e. ¿a quién?:
¿A quién esperas?
Who(m) are you waiting for?
In this sentence, ‘you’ is the subject – i.e. the person who is doing the action of the verb –
and ‘who(m)’ is the direct object – i.e. the person who receives the action of the verb.
No a is required before ¿quién? if it is the subject of the verb:
In English the distinction between ‘who?’ and ‘whom?’ should really indicate when the
personal a needs to be used, but current English usage is tending towards always using
‘who?’ when referring to either the subject or the object.
The differences between ¿qué? and ¿cuál? can be quite problematic for non-native
Spanish speakers, but a few basic rules will help you to avoid mistakes.
¿qué? can be used both as an adjective and a pronoun. This means it can be used with
or without a following noun:
e.g.: ¿Qué hora es? What time (lit. ‘hour’) is it?
¿Qué quieres? What do you want?
¿cuál(es)? can only be used as a pronoun, i.e. it must not be followed directly by a noun:
¿Cuál prefieres?
Which (one) do you prefer?
So you can see that ¿qué? usually corresponds to English ‘what’ and ¿cuál? to English
‘which’. However, you need to be particularly careful when translating the following type
of sentence:
In this type of sentence the translation of ‘what’ is always ¿cuál? and never ¿qué?
¿Cuál es el problema?
¿qué? is only used in this type of sentence if the question is asking for a definition of
something rather than being equivalent to the question ‘what sort of …?’:
e.g. ¿Qué es esto?
What is this? (asking for a definition)
¿Cuál es la explicación?
What is the explanation?
(asking which of many possible explanations will do)
Basic Spanish: A grammar and workbook 40
Exercises
1 Taking into account the answer (given in parentheses), what is the question?
¿quién? ¿quiénes? ¿cómo? ¿dónde? ¿qué?
4 Ask a question so that the answer is the underlined information in each sentence. (Use
tú when necessary.)
1 Ese chico es Juan.
2 Las llaves están en el coche.
3 Saludo a Marisol.
4 Bailo salsa muy bien.
5 Prefiero el vino tinto.
6 La paella está muy buena.
7 Mario y Juan venden esas casas.
8 Tengo tres hermanos.
9 Mandan la carta a Julia.
10 La boda de Juanjo y Marta es en Madrid.
5 Complete the following dialogues with the missing interrogative words:
Cultural brief