Measures of Variability

Grouped Data
 Range of Grouped
Data
• The range is the simplest measures of variability. The range of a
frequency distribution is simple the difference between the upper
class boundary of the top interval and the lower class boundary of the
bottom interval.

Range = Upper Class Boundary - Lower Class Boundary

of the Highest Interval of the Lowest Interval
 Illustrative Example: solve for the range
Scores in the Second Periodical Solutions:
Upper Class Limit of the highest Interval = 50
Test of 7 – Faith in Mathematics 7 Upper Class Boundary of the Highest Interval = 50 + 0.5 = 50.5
Scores Frequency
Lower Class Limit of the lowest Interval = 21
46 – 50 1 Lower Class Boundary of the Lowest Interval = 21 - 0.5 = 20.5
41 – 45 10 Upper Class Boundary - Lower Class Boundary
Range =
36 – 40 10 of the Highest Interval of the Lowest Interval

31 – 35 16 Range = 50.5 – 20.5

26 – 30 9
Range = 30
21 - 25 4
Therefore, the range of the given data set is 30.
 MEAN DEVIATION

∑𝑓| 𝑋 −𝑋 | • Where f represents the frequency

• M.D. = distribution of observation X.
𝑁
 Find the mean deviation
Class f 𝑿𝒎 𝒇𝑿𝒎 |𝑿𝒎 − 𝑿 | 𝒇|𝑿𝒎 − 𝑿 |
Interval
134 – 139 10
128 – 133 9
122 – 127 8
116 – 121 1
110 – 115 5
104 – 109 2
96 – 103 9
92 – 97 5
86 – 91 1
Variance of Grouped Data ( 𝜎 2 )
• Variance is the mean of the square of the deviations from the mean
of a frequency distribution.
• For large quantities, the variance is computed using frequency and
midpoint value for each interval, the deviation and its square, and the
product of the frequency and the squared deviation.
• To find the variance of the grouped data, use the formula:

∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥̅ )2 Where:
𝜎2 = f = class frequency
∑𝑓 −1 X = Class Mark
𝑥̅ = class mean
∑f = total number of frequency
 In calculating the variance, do the following steps:
1. Prepare a frequency distribution with appropriate class intervals and
write the corresponding frequency (f).
2. Get the midpoint (X) of each class interval.
3. Multiply frequency (f) and the midpoint (X) of each interval to get fX.
4. Add fX of each interval to get ∑fX.
∑ 𝑓𝑋
5. Compute the mean using 𝑥̅ = ∑𝑓
.
6. Calculate the deviation (X - 𝑥̅) by subtracting the mean from each
midpoint.
7. Square the deviation of each interval to get (𝑋 − 𝑥̅)2.
8. Multiply frequency (f) and (𝑋 − 𝑥̅)2. Fond the sum of each product
to get ∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥̅)2 . 2
∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥̅ )
9. Calculate the variance using the formula 𝜎 2 =
∑𝑓 −1
Standard Deviation
• The standard deviation is considered the best indicator of the degree of
dispersion among the measures of variability because it represents an average
variability of the distribution.
• Given the set of data, the smaller the range, the smaller the standard deviation,
the less spread is the distribution.
• To get the value of the distribution (s), get the square root of the variance
(𝜎2).

𝑠= 𝜎2
Find the variance of In calculating the variance, do the following steps:

the given data set: 1. Prepare a frequency distribution with appropriate

class intervals and write the corresponding
frequency (f).
Scores in the Second Periodical
2. Get the midpoint (X) of each class interval in column 2.
Test of 7 – Faith in Mathematics 7
3. Multiply frequency (f) and the midpoint (X) of each
Scores Frequency interval to get fX.
46 – 50 1 4. Add fX of each interval to get ∑fX.
∑ 𝑓𝑋
41 – 45 10 5. Compute the mean using 𝑥̅ = .
∑𝑓
36 – 40 10 6. Calculate the deviation (X - 𝑥̅) by subtracting the mean
31 – 35 16 from each midpoint.
26 – 30 9 7. Square the deviation of each interval to get (𝑋 − 𝑥̅)2.
21 - 25 4 8. Multiply frequency (f) and (𝑋 − 𝑥̅)2. Fond the sum of
each product to get ∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥̅)2 .
9. Calculate the variance using the formula
∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝜎2 =
∑𝑓 −1
Solution
Class Mark
Scores Frequency fX (X - 𝑥̅) (X − 𝑥̅) 2 f(X − 𝑥̅) 2
(X)
46 – 50 1
41 – 45 10
36 – 40 10
31 – 35 16
26 – 30 9
21 - 25 4
i=5 ∑ 𝒇 = 50
∑ 𝒇𝑿 =
 Solution
Class Mark
Scores Frequency fX (X - 𝑥̅) (X − 𝑥̅) 2 f(X − 𝑥̅) 2
(X)
46 – 50 1 48 48 13.4 179.56 179.56
41 – 45 10 43 430 8.4 70.56 705.6
36 – 40 10 38 380 3.4 11.56 115.6
31 – 35 16 33 528 -1.6 2.56 40.96
26 – 30 9 28 252 - 6.6 43.56 392.04
21 - 25 4 23 92 - 11.6 134.56 538.24
i=5 ∑ 𝒇 = 50
∑ 𝒇𝑿 = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟑𝟎 ̅ 𝟐 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟕𝟐
∑𝒇 𝑿 − 𝒙

∑ 𝑓(𝑋 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝜎2 = 𝜎 2 = 40.2448 ≈ 40.24
∑𝑓 − 1
∑ 𝑓𝑋 1,730
Mean (𝑥̅) = = = 34.60 1.972 Therefore, the variance (𝝈𝟐)
∑𝑓 50 2
𝜎 =
50 − 1 is 40.24
1.972
𝜎2 =
49
 Complete the frequency distribution table by finding the unknown values.
Scores of Grade 7 Avocado Students in 4th Periodical Test in Mathematics Questions:
Score Frequency Class fX (X - 𝑥̅) (X − 𝑥̅) 2 f(X − 𝑥̅) 2 1. How did you determine the
(f) Mark unknown values in the frequency
(X) distribution table?
46 – 50 2 2. What is the class size?
41 – 45 9 3. What is the ∑ 𝑓𝑋 ?
4. What is the value of the mean in the
36 – 40 13
given distribution table?
31 – 35 11 5. What is the upper class boundary of
26 – 30 10 the top interval? What about the
21 – 25 5 lower class boundary of the bottom
interval?
i= 2
∑𝑓 = ∑ 𝑓𝑋 = ∑ 𝑓 𝑋 − 𝑥̅ = 6. What is the range
7. What is the variance of the given
distribution table?
8. How would you find the variance?
9. What is the standard deviation?
10.How would you solve for the
standard deviation?
Calculate the range, variance, and standard deviation of the Weekly
Allowance of students in Binago School of Fisheries. Write your
complete solutions and answers on a sheet of paper.
Weekly allowance of Students in Binago School of Fisheries
Weekly Allowance
Frequency Class Mark (X) fX (X - 𝑥̅) (X − 𝑥̅) 2 f(X − 𝑥̅) 2
(in Pesos)
500 – 549 2
450 – 499 3
400 – 449 1
350 – 399 3
300 – 349 4
250 – 299 14
200 – 249 12
150 – 199 21
100 - 149 10