Topic Definitio

Topic Definition: New Criticism is a way of analyzing literature based on the text alone.
It takes a
close reading of a work and analyzes the content, such as by looking at themes, structures like
iambic pentameter, and literary devices. New Criticism assumes that a text is an isolated entity
that can be understood through the tools and techniques of close reading, maintains that each
text has unique texture, and asserts that what a text says and how it says it are inseparable.
Q1: SAAN NAGMULA?

Place: Estados Unidos (US)
Date: 20th Century (1 January 1901, and ended on 31 December 2000)
Reference: Mambrol (2021), New Criticism. literariness.org/2021/05/30/new-criticism/
“The genesis of New Criticism can be found in the early years of the 20th century in the work of
the British philosopher I. A. Richards and his student William Empson. Another important figure
in the beginnings of New Criticism was the American writer and critic T. S. Eliot.”
Q2: PAANO NAKARATING AT BAKIT UNANG NAKARATING SA PILIPINAS?

1st Hypothesis (suggested to provide more supporting data): New Criticism was introduced here
in the Philippines during the cold war between the US and Soviet Union in 1945-1991. The period
of American colonization of the Philippines was 48 years. It began with the cession of the
Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in 1898 and lasted until the U.S. recognition of Philippine
independence in 1946. And also, most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written
during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine
literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages.
Therefore, the cold war between the Soviet Union and US, the colonial period of Americans and
the peak of notable literature in the Philippines concludes the reason why new criticism gets here
first in the Philippines.
Reference: Paul Nadal (2021), Cold War Remittance Economy: US Creative Writing and the
Importation of New Criticism into the Philippines. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/807047
“This essay uses archival sources to reconstruct a literary genealogy of the impact of US creative
writing on Philippine literature in English during the early Cold War period. It addresses the ways
in which Filipino writers translated the New Criticism they learned in the United States into
socially useful literature by engaging a concept of translation as economic exchange.”
Reference: Philippines–Soviet Union relations (2023), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines
%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations
“The Soviet Union also mistrusted the Philippines because of its strong ties with the United
States. Any development that would lead towards the erosion of the ties between the Philippines
and the United States was welcomed by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union itself admitted that
those developments would be limited.”
2nd Hypothesis (suggested to provide more supporting data): Few liberated Filipinos studied in
Europe where they acquired and brought the New Criticism here in the Philippines.
Reference: Buglas Writers Project (2020), Literary Criticism in the Philippines. https://buglas-
writers.medium.com/literary-criticism-in-the-philippines-bfcb77456c7c
Note: Analyze the article in this link deeper ( I just scan the highlights). This might be the key
point that we are looking for. Also, try to find related data.
“Our oversensitivity to criticism — literary or otherwise — is evidence of a lack of maturity. If it is
any comfort Emerson decried a similar attitude in the United States a century and a half ago.
Almost four hundred years of Spanish repression enervated the tongue and beclouded the mind
of the Filipino. The last quarter of the nineteenth century produced a few liberated Filipinos,
privileged to study in Europe, and when this little group articulated their protests they addressed
them mainly to political and social amelioration and, to a limited degree, to religious inequality,
as in the case of the three martyred priests garroted in 1872.”
Reference: Panunuring Pampanitikan: Bagong Kritisismo.
http://truthbyakm.blogspot.com/2017/04/panunuring-pampanitikan-bagong.html
“Nagsimulang pumasok ang impluwensya ng Formalismo sa Pilipinas noong dekada limampu
1950, sa pagsisimula ng pagsulat ng mga Pilipinong karamiha’y nakapag-aral sa Estados Unidos.
Nagsimula silang magsulat ng Inggles at karamihan sa kanila ay nagtuon ng kritikal nilang
paningin sa mga akda sa Inggles. Sa pagpasok nina Almario, Rogelio G. Mangahas, Efren R. Abueg,
Ave Perez Jacob at Rogelio Sikat sa laranagn ng kritisismo, inangkin nila an gang puwang sa
larangan ng kritisismo, inangkin nila ang puwang sa larangang dati-rati’y pinamamayanihan ng
mga matatandang kritiko.”
Q3: PAANO GINAGAMIT SA PAGSUSULAT NG PANITIKAN?

Answer: Ipinakita rito ang kahalagahan ng maingat at masinop na pagpapako ng atensiyon sa
teksto, sa mga elemento at sangkap na bumubuo rito, sa kahalagahan ng paglinang ng wika at ng
mga retorikal na instrumento. Sa madaling salita ipinapamalas ang pangangailangang makita ang
akda bilang likha. Sa ganitong tekstwal na oryentasyon, nabawasan ang mabigat na diin sa
talambuhay ng may-akda, sa kasaysayan, at sa aral na siyang mga sangkap sa tradisyunal na
panunuring pampanitikan.
Russian Criticism Definition: Russian formalism is distinctive for its emphasis on the functional
role of literary devices and its original conception of literary history. Russian Formalism debunks
the content and context of a text and emphasizes form whereas New Criticism focuses on the
close reading of a text. It began in two groups: OPOYAZ, an acronym for Russian words meaning
Society for the Study of Poetic Language, founded in 1916 at St. Petersburg (later Leningrad) and
led by Viktor Shklovsky; and the Moscow Linguistic Circle, founded in 1915.
Comparative analysis between New Criticism and Russian Criticism:

Russian Formalism debunks the content and context of a text and emphasizes form whereas New
Criticism focuses on the close reading of a text. (to be follow po ung ibang details hehe)
3 Articles that used the New Criticism method:

The New Criticism method was used in three articles. The first article, by Robin West, discusses
the emergence of a new form of critical legal scholarship called "the new legal criticism" . The
second article, by William E. Cain, explores the rise and institutionalization of the New Criticism in
literary criticism during the 20th century. The third article, by A. Walton Litz, Louis Menand, and
Lawrence S. Rainey, includes a section on the New Critics and their contributions to literary
criticism

Topic Definitio

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic Definitio

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic Definitio

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Topic Definition: New Criticism is a way of analyzing literature based on the text alone.

Q1: SAAN NAGMULA?

Q2: PAANO NAKARATING AT BAKIT UNANG NAKARATING SA PILIPINAS?

Q3: PAANO GINAGAMIT SA PAGSUSULAT NG PANITIKAN?

Comparative analysis between New Criticism and Russian Criticism:

3 Articles that used the New Criticism method:

You might also like