400W Series

Quick
Reference

190-00356-01 Rev D
© 2006-2009 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries

This manual reflects the operation of Main System Software version 2.00, 3.00, or later. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the
information in this manual to earlier or later software version.

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January 2009 Part Number 190-00356-01 Rev D Printed in the USA

Graphic Moving
Photocell for Nav Freq Comm Freq Map Display and Range Keys
Comm Freq Auto-Dimming Window Window Navigation Info
Flip/Flop Direct-To Key
Power and Comm
Volume/Squelch Menu Key
Terrain Database Card Clear Key
Enter Key
Aviation Database Card
Nav Radio Waypoint and
Volume arrival alerts, turn
advisories, function,
Nav Radio Freq Flip/Flop and page number
Large Knob Large Knob
Comm/VLOC
Freq (MHz) Small Knob
(Cursor - Press to
Small Knob activate)
Comm/VLOC
Freq (kHz) Procedure Key
Cam CDI
Terrain, Flight Lock Key OBS Message Flight Plan
Phase, and Key Key Key
GPS Integrity Navigation
Annunciator Source: GPS,
VLOC, or
GPS-PTK
 MODEL DESCRIPTIONS
Model Descriptions mation, the GPS 400W can connect to XM Satellite Radio’s
This guide covers the operation of the GPS 400W, GNC XM WX Weather Service via the GDL 69/69A datalink
420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, and GNS 430AW. In receiver. The GDL 69A can also allow you to subscribe to
general, all models will be referred to as the 400W-series, XM audio services.
GNC 420W GNS 430W
except where there are physical or operational differences. GPS 400W GNC 420AW GNS 430AW
The 400W-series units are 6.25” wide and 2.66” high. The
display is a 240-by-128 pixel color LCD. The units include
two removable data cards: one with a Jeppesen database
(inserted in the left-most card slot) and the second is a Ter-
rain database (inserted in the right-most card slot).
GPS 400W
The GPS 400W is a GPS-only unit with a WAAS GPS
engine and is TSO C146a certified for en route, terminal,
precision, and non-precision approaches. The GPS 400W GNC 420W and GNC 420AW
can simultaneously give aviators vital approach information The GNC 420W and GNC 420AW include all of the
and weather and traffic data in relation to their position features of the GPS 400W, and also include an IFR certified
on a color moving map display. Thanks to a high-contrast airborne VHF communications transceiver. This multipur-
color display, the information can be easily read from wide pose unit is available with either a 10-watt (GNS 420W)
viewing angles even in direct sunlight. Its color moving or 16-watt (GNS 420AW) Com transmitter. Since the only
map features a built-in database that shows cities, high- difference between these two units is the power of the
ways, railroads, rivers, lakes, coastlines, and a complete communications transmitter, references to the GNC 420W
Jeppesen aviation database. The Jeppesen aviation database will also include the GNC 420 AW.
(can be updated with a front-loading data card) contains
all airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, FSS, Approach, GNS 430W and GNS 430AW
DPs/STARs, and SUA information. The obstacle and terrain The GNS 430W and GNS 430AW include all of the
databases provide an aid to navigation to help you work features of the GPS 420W/420AW, and also include IFR
with approved navigation charts. certified airborne VOR/Localizer and Glideslope receivers.
Pilots will enjoy the GPS 400W as a multi-function This multipurpose unit is available with either a 10-watt
display (MFD), especially when it is coupled with traf- (GNS 430W) or 16-watt (GNS 430AW) Com transmitter.
fic, lightning detection, and weather interfaces like Ryan Since the only difference between these two units is the
TCAD, TIS from the Garmin GTX 330 Mode S transpon- power of the communications transmitter, references to the
der, L3 SKYWATCH™, or STORMSCOPE® WX 500. With GNS 430W will also include the GNS 430 AW.
the FDE prediction program included with the Trainer CD,
the GPS 400W may be used for oceanic or remote opera-
tions. For the latest in graphical and textual weather infor-
190-00356-01 Rev D 1
 KEYS AND KNOBS
Left-hand Keys and Knobs COM power/ COM flip-flop
volume
k In the GNC 420W and the GNS 430W, the
COM power/volume knob controls unit VLOC flip-flop
power and communications radio volume. VLOC volume
Press the knob momentarily to enable/disable
automatic squelch control. Small left knob Large left knob

j In the GNS 430W, the VLOC volume knob

controls audio volume for the selected VOR/
Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to
enable/disable the ident tone.
In the GNC 420W and GNS 430W, the large
y left knob is used to tune the megahertz
(MHz) value of the standby frequency for
the COM transceiver or the VLOC receiver,
whichever is currently selected by the tuning
cursor.
In the GNC 420W and GNS 430W, the small
v left knob is used to tune the kilohertz (kHz)
value of the standby frequency for the COM
transceiver or the VLOC receiver, whichever
is currently selected by the tuning cursor.
Press this knob momentarily to toggle the
tuning cursor between the COM and VLOC
windows.
In the GNC 420W and GNS 430W, the COM
W flip-flop key is used to swap the active and
standby COM frequencies. Press and hold to
select emergency channel (121.500 MHz).
In the GNS 430W, the VLOC flip-flop key
V is used to swap the active and standby VLOC
frequencies (i.e., make the selected standby
frequency active).

2 190-00356-01 Rev D
 KEYS AND KNOBS
Right-hand Keys and Knobs Range (map scale)
Menu
The range key (RNG) allows you to select
R the desired map scale. Press the up arrow side
Direct-To
Enter
of the key to zoom out or the down arrow Clear
side to zoom in. Small right knob
Large right knob
The direct-to key allows you to enter a
D destination waypoint and establishes a direct
course to the selected destination.
The menu key (MENU) displays a context-
m sensitive options list. The options list allows
you to make settings changes that relate to
the currently displayed page.
The clear key (CLR) is used to erase infor-
c mation or cancel an entry. Press and hold this
key to immediately display the Default NAV
Page.
The enter key (ENT) is used to approve an
E operation or complete data entry. It is also
used to confirm information, such as during
power on.
The large right knob is used to select
t between the various page groups: NAV, WPT,
AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor
enabled, the large right knob allows you to
move the cursor about the page.
The small right knob is used to select
r between the various pages within one of the
groups listed above. Press this knob momen-
tarily to display the on-screen cursor. The
cursor allows you to enter data and/or make a
selection from a list of options.

190-00356-01 Rev D 3
 KEYS
Bottom Row Keys The flight plan (FPL) key allows you to
F create, edit, activate and invert flight plans,
GPS 400W as well as access approaches, departures and
GNC 420W arrivals. A closest-point-to-flight-plan feature
is also available from the flight plan key.
GNS 430W
The procedures (PROC) key allows you
P to select approaches, departures and arriv-
The nearest (NRST) key (GPS 400W
N and GNC 420W only) displays the nearest als from your active flight plan. When using
airports page. Then, turning the small right a flight plan, available procedures for your
knob steps through the NRST pages. departure and/or arrival airport are offered
automatically. Otherwise, you may select the
In the GNS 430W, the CDI key is used to
C toggle which navigation source (GPS or
desired airport, then the desired procedure.
VLOC) provides output to an external HSI or
CDI.
The omni-bearing selector (OBS) key
O is used for two functions: to activate OBS
selection and as a suspend key.
As a Suspend (SUSP) key, it is used to
select manual or automatic sequencing of
waypoints. Pressing this key selects SUSP
mode, which retains the current “active to”
waypoint as your navigation reference even
after passing the waypoint (i.e., prevents
sequencing to the next waypoint). Press-
ing the OBS key again returns to normal
operation, with automatic sequencing of
waypoints.
Whenever OBS mode is selected, you may
set the desired course to/from a waypoint
using the OBS Page, or an external OBS
selector on your HSI or CDI.
The message (MSG) key is used to view
M system messages, important warnings, and
requirements.
4 190-00356-01 Rev D
 POWER ON
Powering on the Unit
1. Turn the COM power/volume knob clockwise to
turn the unit on and set the desired radio volume.
2. The Main and GPS software version page appears
briefly, followed by land and terrain database pages,
as the unit conducts self-tests to ensure proper
operation.
3. Once the self-test concludes, database confirma-
tion pages are displayed, showing the effective and
expiration dates of the databases on the NavData®
card. Press the ENT key to acknowledge the last
database page and proceed to the instrument panel
self-test page. There may be more self-test screens
depending on optional equipment installed in your
aircraft.
4. The instrument panel self-test page allows you
to verify that the unit is communicating properly
with in-panel instruments. Compare on-screen
indications with the information depicted on
connected instruments, such as the CDI, HSI, RMI
and/or external annunciators. Once you have veri-
fied proper operation, turn the large right knob
to select "Set Full Fuel?", "Go To Checklist", or
"OK?" (to display the Satellite Status Page), and
then press the ENT key.
5. When the GPS receiver has acquired a sufficient
number of satellites to determine a position, the
Map Page will automatically appear showing your
present position.

Power-up Sequence
190-00356-01 Rev D 5
 SCREEN LAYOUT/CURSORS/FREQ SELECTION/DATA ENTRY
Screen Layout (windows) Frequency Selection
Active Frequency on top & Standby on bottom 1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in
(active window highlighted by cursor) the desired window (COM or VLOC),

{
press the small left knob momentarily
COM
Window { GPS
to switch the highlight between the
COM and VLOC windows. Adjusting the
frequencies with the large and small
Window {
VLOC Window
left knobs will affect the standby fre-
quency.
2. Turn the large left knob to select
The 400W-series display is divided into four separate the desired megahertz (MHz) value.
“windows” (or screen areas). The top left 1/4 of the display For example, the “117” portion of the
provides a COM window (top two lines) and a VLOC frequency “117.80”.
window (bottom two lines) The three lines at the bottom 3. Turn the small left knob to select the
left of the display are used for terrain, flight phase, and desired kilohertz (kHz) value. For exam-
GPS integrity annunciators. The right 3/4 of the display ple, the “.80” portion of the frequency
consists of a GPS window, which is where you’ll find the “117.80”.
various navigation, waypoint information and settings 4. To activate the selected frequency, press the
“pages.” appropriate flip-flop key to swap the COM or
Each unique screen of information is referred to as VLOC frequency from the standby into the active
a page. Pages are typically selected using the small and window.
large right knobs—with the cursor removed from the To Quickly Tune and Activate the 121.500 Emergency
GPS window. See the following page for details on arrange- Channel (GNS 430W and GNC 420W only)
ment of the 400W-series main pages. 1. Press and hold the COM flip/flop key for approxi-
Cursors mately two seconds.
There are two separate cursors: a tuning cursor and a Data Entry
GPS window cursor. The tuning cursor is used to select
Data is entered in the GPS
the standby COM or VLOC frequency. If desired, press the
window using the large and
small left knob to move the tuning cursor to the VLOC
small right knobs. The large
window. Then, use the small and large left knobs to
right knob is used to move
select the desired frequency. The COM and VLOC flip-
the cursor between fields. The
flop keys are used to swap the active and standby frequen-
small right knob is used to
cies. Push in on small right knob and then turn the large
select individual characters at
right knob to move the GPS window cursor around the
the highlighted cursor location.
page.

6 190-00356-01 Rev D
 PAGE SELECTION

(Small right knob to select pages within the group)

NAV Group

Default NAV Map Terrain NAVCOM Position Satellite Status VNAV

Five, or more, NAV pages are available when the unit’s

installation includes connection to traffic and/or weather
information sources.
WPT Group
(Large right knob to change page groups)

Airport Location Airport Runway Airport Frequency Airport Approach Airport Arrival Airport Departure Intersection

Selection of any main page is performed using the large

and small right knobs. When the GPS window cursor is
NDB VOR User Waypoint off, the large right knob selects the page group: NAV, WPT,
AUX or NRST. The small right knob selects the desired page
within a group. To quickly select the Default NAV Page, press
AUX Group and hold the CLR key.

Flight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2

NRST Group

Nearest Airport Nearest Intersection Nearest NDB Nearest VOR Nearest User Wpt Nearest Center Nearest FSS

Nearest Airspace

FPL Group PROC

Active Flight Plan Flight Plan Catalog Procedures

Flight plan pages are selected by pressing the The Procedures pages are selected by pressing
FPL key and using the small right knob to the PROC key and using the small or large
select the desired page. right knobs to select a procedure.

190-00356-01 Rev D 7
 DEFAULT NAV PAGE / ANNUNCIATORS
Default NAV Page To Select a Different Data Item for any Data Field
Course 1. With the default NAV page displayed, press the
Deviation TO/FROM
Flag MENU key to display an options menu.
Indicator (CDI)
2. Turn the large right
Active Leg of User-selectable
knob to highlight the
Flight Plan Data Fields
“Change Fields?” option,
and press the ENT key to
The following symbols are used (directly below the select this option.
CDI) to depict the active leg of a flight plan or direct-to: 3. Use the large right knob
Course to a Waypoint, or Desired Course between Two Waypoints to highlight the data field
you wish to change.
Direct-To a Waypoint Vectors-To-Final

Left-hand Holding Pattern Right Procedure Turn

Right-hand Holding Pattern Left Procedure Turn 4. Turn the small right
knob to display the list
DME Arc to the left DME Arc to the right
of available data items.

Continue turning the
To Quickly Display the Default NAV Page small right knob to
1. From any page, press and hold the CLR key for select the desired data
approximately two seconds. item from the list.
5. Press the ENT key to select the desired data item
and return to the default NAV page.
Bottom Row Annunciators and Messages 6. Press the small right knob to remove the cursor
from the page.
Terrain annunciations:
Ter Test, Ter N/A, Terrain, Ter INHB, Message Annunciator: Flashing (new mes-
and TER Fail sage), On, or blank (no message)
CDI/RAIM Mode: Approach (LNAV,
LNAV+V, L/VNAV, or LPV ), Oceanic
(OCN), Terminal (TERM), En Route
(ENR) or “0.30” (if the CDI is manu-
ally set to "0.30" and not flying an ap-
proach). Annunciations not applicable
to the external CDI when VLOC is OBS Mode: Suspend Page Annunciator (NAV/WPT/AUX/
active. Navigation Source: (SUSP), OBS or blank (for NRST/FPL/VNAV/PROC), Waypoint
GPS Integrity Failure GPS, VLOC, or GPS-PTK auto-sequencing) Alert (“NEXT DTK”), Turn Advisory
(“LT TO xxxº”), etc.
8 190-00356-01 Rev D
 MAP PAGE
Map Page 2. Press the CLR key as needed to select the desired
User-selectable amount of map detail.
Map Display Data Fields
To Turn the Data Fields
On/Off on the Right Side
Present of the Map
Map Scale Position
1. With the map
The follow- ing symbols are page displayed,
press MENU to
used to depict the various airports and navaids on the map
display an options menu.
page:
Airport with hard surface runway(s); Primary runway shown
2. Turn the large right knob to highlight
Airport with soft surface runway(s) only “Data Fields Off?” and press the ENT key.
Private Airfield Intersection 3. To re-display the data fields, follow steps 1 and
2, but instead select “Data Fields On?” from the
VOR VORTAC
options menu.
VOR/DME TACAN
To Select a Different Data Item for any Data Field:
DME NDB 1. With the map page displayed, press the MENU key
Localizer Locator Outer Marker to display an options menu.
Heliport 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Change
Fields?” and then press ENT.
To Select a Map Scale
3. Use the large right knob to highlight the data
1. Press the up arrow on the RNG key to zoom out
field you wish to change.
to a larger map area.
4. Turn the small right knob to display the list of
2. Press the down arrow on the RNG key to zoom in
available data items. Continue turning the small
to a smaller map area
right knob to select the desired data item from
with more detail.
the list.
To Quickly Declutter the
Map Display 5. P ress the ENT key to select the desired data item
The 400W series supports and return to the map page.
four levels of map decluttering. 6. Press the small right knob momentarily to remove
the cursor from the page.

1. Press the CLR key momentarily to change the

amount of map detail. The declutter level will
appear adjacent to the map scale.

190-00356-01 Rev D 9
 NAVCOM PAGE / TERRAIN PAGE
NAVCOM Page frequencies in the list than can be displayed on
The NAVCOM page provides a list of the airport com- the screen, a scroll bar along the right-hand side
munication and navigation frequencies at your departure, of the screen will indicate which part of the list is
en route and arrival airports. currently being displayed.
Departure, En Route Auto-Tuning a Frequency from the NAVCOM Page
or Arrival Airport 1. Highlight the desired frequency by scrolling through
Frequency the list of frequencies, as described in the previous
Category Assigned
Frequency procedure.
Usage 2. To place a frequency in the standby field of the COM
Restriction Scroll Bar or VLOC window, highlight the desired frequency
Information
and press the ENT key.
To Select a Frequency List for a Departure, En Route, Terrain Page
or Arrival Airport To display the TERRAIN Page, select the NAV group
1. Press the small right knob to activate the and turn the small right knob until the TERRAIN Page is
cursor. displayed. The page displays terrain information, aircraft
2. Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on ground track, and GPS-derived MSL altitude. Altitude
the airport identifier field (top line on the NAVCOM is shown in increments of 20 feet or in increments of 10
page). meters, depending on unit configuration. The “G” to the
3. Turn the small right knob to select the desired right of the MSL altitude display reminds the pilot that the
airport and press ENT. altitude is GPS-derived.
To inhibit TERRAIN:
To Scroll Through the List of Frequencies
1. Activate the cursor, if not already active, by pressing 1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU. “Inhibit
the small right knob. Terrain?” is selected by default.
2. Turn the large right knob to move the cursor Press ENT. The TERRAIN system is inhibited. The
2.
through the list of frequencies. If there are more annunciation is displayed in the terrain
annunciator field whenever terrain is inhibited.
Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle Color TERRAIN/Obstacle
< 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL Location
Obstacle Symbol

Terrain/Obstacle above or
Red within 100 ft below current
aircraft altitude
Terrain/Obstacle between
Yellow 100 ft and 1000 ft below the
aircraft altitude
Terrain Color Symbology

10 190-00356-01 Rev D
 AIRPORT INFORMATION
Viewing Airport Information 4. Use the small and large right knobs to enter
1. From any page, press and the facility name or city location of the desired
hold CLR to select the destination waypoint. As you spell the facility name
default NAV page. (You or city, the 400W series Spell’N’Find feature will
may skip this step if you select the first entry in the database based upon
are already viewing any the characters you have entered up to that point.
of the main GPS pages.) 5. Once the name is entered, the information for that
2. Turn the large right knob to select the WPT page airport will appear on the page. Press ENT to accept
group. “WPT” will appear in the lower right corner the selected identifier.
of the screen. 6. To view the other airport information pages, press the
3. Turn the small right knob to select the desired small right knob to remove the flashing cursor and turn
WPT page. Airport information is displayed on the the small right knob to select the desired page.
first six WPT pages: airport location, airport runway, Auto-Tuning a Frequency from a List (420W/430W only)
airport frequency, airport approach, airport arrival The 400W-series auto-tune feature allows you to
and airport departure. quickly select any displayed database frequency as your
4. Press the small right knob to activate the standby frequency. With a minimum of keystrokes, any
cursor. frequency listed on the airport frequency page can be
transferred to the standby field of the COM or VLOC
5. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the
window. The Airport Frequency page in the GPS 500W
identifier of the desired airport.
allows you to view frequency information and scroll
6. Once the identifier is entered, the information for through the list by turning the large right knob.
that airport will appear on the page. Press ENT to 1. Select the airport frequen-
accept the selected identifier. cies page from the WPT
7. To view the other airport information pages, press page group.
the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor 2. Press the small right knob
and turn the small right knob to select the desired to place the cursor on the
page. airport identifier field.
Viewing Airport Information by Facility Name or City 3. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the
1. Select the airport location page. identifier of the desired airport. Press ENT when fin-
2. Press the small right ished.
knob to activate the 4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired
cursor. frequency.
3. Turn the large right 5. Press ENT to place the highlighted frequency in the
knob to highlight the standby COM or VLOC window field (as appropriate).
facility name (second line)
6. To activate the selected frequency, press the COM
or the city (third line) field.
flip/flop or VOR flip/flop key (as appropriate).
190-00356-01 Rev D 11
 DIRECT-TO NAVIGATION
To Select a Direct-To Destination To Select a Direct-To Destination by Facility Name or
City
1. Press the direct-to
1.  Press the direct-to key. The Select Direct-To
key. A Select Direct-
Waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint
To Wa y p o i n t p a g e
identifier field highlighted.
will appear, with the
waypoint identifier field 2.  Turn the large right
highlighted. knob to highlight the
facility name (second
2. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the
line) or the city (third line)
identifier of the desired destination waypoint.
field.
3. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint. Press
ENT again to activate the direct-to function. 3. Use the small and large right knobs to enter
the facility name or city location of the desired
To Select a Direct-To Destination from the Map Page destination waypoint. As you spell the facility name
1. Select the map page from the NAV page group. or city, the 400W series Spell’N’Find feature will
2. Press the small right knob to display a panning select the first entry in the database based upon
pointer. the characters you have entered up to that point.
3. Turn the small and large right knobs to place 4. Continue turning the small right knob to scroll
the panning pointer at the desired destination through any additional database listings for the
location. selected facility name or city. You can also scroll
backwards with the small right knob if you scroll
4. If the panning pointer is placed on an existing air- past the desired waypoint.
port, navaid or user waypoint, the waypoint name
will be highlighted. Press direct-to and then ENT 5. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint, and
twice to activate a direct-to leg to the waypoint. ENT to activate the direct-to function.
To Select a Nearby Airport or a Flight Plan Waypoint
5. If the panning pointer is placed on an open location as a Direct-To Destination
on the map page, press direct-to and then ENT 1. Press the direct-to key.
twice to create a "+MAP" waypoint and activate
2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the nearest
a direct-to leg to it.
airport (NRST) or flight plan (FPL) field.
3. Turn the small right knob to display a window
listing nearby airports or all waypoints in the active
flight plan.
4. Continue turning the small right knob to
scroll through the list and highlight the desired
waypoint.
5. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint, and
ENT to activate the direct-to function.
12 190-00356-01 Rev D
 NEAREST AIRPORTS

To View a List of the Nearest Airports finished, press the small

1. From any page, press and hold the CLR key to select right knob to return the
the default NAV page. You may skip this step if you flashing cursor to the
are already viewing any of the main GPS pages. screen.
2. Turn the large right 4. To return to the nearest
knob to select the NRST airport page, verify that
page group. “NRST” will “Done?” is highlighted by the flashing cursor and
appear in the lower right press ENT (or press CLR).
corner of the screen.
3. If necessary, turn the small right knob to select
the nearest airport page.
To Scroll Through the List of Nearest Airports
1. Press the small right knob to activate the
cursor.
2. Turn the large right knob to scroll through the
list. The scroll bar along the right-hand side of the
page will indicate which part of the list is currently
being viewed.
3. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small
right knob.
To View Additional Information for a Nearby Airport
1. Highlight the identifier of the desired airport by
scrolling through the list, as described in the pro-
cedure above.
2. Press ENT to display the
airport location page for
the selected airport.

3. To view additional WPT pages for the selected

airport (including the airport runway and airport
frequency pages) press the small right knob to
remove the flashing cursor. Turn the small right
knob to display the additional WPT pages. When
190-00356-01 Rev D 13
 FLIGHT PLANS
To Create a New Flight Plan To Stop Navigating a Flight Plan
1. Press the FPL key and 1. Press the FPL key.
turn the small right 2. Press the MENU key to display the active flight
knob to display the flight plan options.
plan catalog.
3. Turn the large right
knob to highlight “Delete
2. Press the MENU key to display the flight plan Flight Plan?” and press
catalog options. the ENT key. Press the
3. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Create ENT key again to con-
New Flight Plan?” and press the ENT key. firm.
4. A blank flight plan page To Edit a Flight Plan
will appear for the first 1. Press the FPL key and turn the small right knob
empty storage loca- to display the Flight Plan Catalog.
tion. Use the small and
2. Press the small right knob to activate the
large right knobs to
cursor.
enter the identifier of the
departure waypoint and press the ENT key. 3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired
flight plan and press the ENT key.
5. Repeat step #4 above to enter the identifier for each
additional flight plan waypoint. Once all waypoints 4. To add a waypoint to the flight plan: Turn the large
have been entered, press the small right knob to right knob to select the point where you wish to
return to the flight plan catalog. add the new waypoint. (If an existing waypoint
is highlighted, the new waypoint will be placed
To Navigate a Flight Plan directly in front of this waypoint.) Use the small
1. Press the FPL key and turn the small right knob and large right knobs to enter the identifier of
to display the flight plan catalog. the new waypoint and press the ENT key.
2. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor 5. To delete a waypoint from the flight plan: Turn
and turn the large right knob to highlight the the large right knob to select the waypoint you
desired flight plan. wish to delete and press the CLR key to display a
3. Press the MENU key to display the flight plan “remove waypoint” confirmation window. With
catalog options. “Yes” highlighted, press the ENT key to remove
the waypoint.
4. Turn the large right
knob to highlight “Acti- 6. Once all changes have been made, press the small
vate Flight Plan?” and right knob to return to the flight plan catalog.
press the ENT key.

14 190-00356-01 Rev D
 APPROACHES
Selecting Approaches 6. For non-GPS approved approaches, a reminder
In order to select an approach, you must first window will appear indi-
have an active direct-to or flight plan that termi- cating that GPS guidance
nates at an airport with a published approach. on such approaches is
1. Press the PROC key to display the procedures strictly for monitoring
page. only—use the VLOC
receiver and external CDI
2. Turn the large right (or HSI) for primary navigation. To confirm this
knob to highlight “Select reminder, highlight “Yes?” and press the ENT
Approach?” and press key.
the ENT key.
Not all approaches in the database are approved for
3. A window will appear
GPS use. As you select an approach, a “GPS” designa-
listing the available pro- tion to the right of the procedure name indicates the
cedures. Turn the large procedure can be flown using the GPS receiver. Some
right knob to highlight procedures will not have this designation, meaning the GPS
the desired procedure receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance
and press the ENT key. only. If the GPS receiver cannot be used for primary guid-
4. A second window will ance, you must use the appropriate receiver for the selected
appear listing the avail- approach (e.g., VOR or ADF). The final course segment of
able transitions. Turn the ILS approaches, for example, must be flown by tuning
large right knob to high- the VLOC receiver to the proper frequency and coupling
light the desired transition the VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI).
waypoint and press the A selected approach may be activated or loaded. Activat-
ENT key. The approach “Vectors” option assumes ing the approach overrides the “en route” portion of the
you will receive vectors to the final course segment active flight plan, proceeding directly to the “approach”
of the approach and will provide navigation guid- portion (for a full approach, directly to the approach
ance relative to the final approach course. transition). Activating the approach also initiates automatic
5. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Load?” CDI scaling transitions as the approach progresses.
or “Activate?” and press the ENT key. “Load?” In many cases, it may be easiest to “Load” the full
will add the procedure to the flight plan without approach while still some distance away, en route to the
immediately using it for navigation guidance. This destination airport. Later, if vectored to final, use the
allows you to continue navigating the original flight
following steps to select “Activating an Approach with Vec-
plan, but keeps the procedure available on the
tors-To-Final”—which makes the inbound course to the
active flight plan page for quick activation when
FAF waypoint active. Otherwise, activate the full approach
needed. "Activate?" overrides the "en route" por-
using the “Activate Approach?” option.
tion of the active flight plan, proceeding directly to
the "approach" portion.

190-00356-01 Rev D 15
 APPROACHES
Activating an Approach • You will typically select the destination airport as the
1. With an approach loaded last waypoint in the active flight plan or by using the
in the active flight plan, direct-to key. Doing so ensures that the desired waypoint
press the PROC key to will automatically appear when choosing the “Select
display the procedures Approach?” option from the procedures page. Otherwise,
page. you must first choose the airport, then the approach
procedure.
2. Turn the large right
knob to highlight “Activate Approach?”. • When a localizer-based approach (such as an ILS) is
loaded, the desired frequency is automatically placed in
3. Press the ENT key.
standby on the VLOC window. To activate the frequency,
Activating an Approach with Vectors-To-Final press the VLOC flip/flop key.
The “Activate Vector-To-Final?” option allows you • If the VLOC receiver will be used for the approach, be
to activate the final course segment of the approach. sure to switch the external CDI (or HSI) to “VLOC” by
This option assumes you will receive vectors to the final pressing the CDI key. “VLOC” will appear directly above
approach course and guides you to intercept the final the CDI key.
course, before reaching the FAF. • An “Auto ILS CDI” setting provides automatic switching
1. With an approach loaded to “VLOC” as you intercept the final approach course.
in the active flight plan, When the ILS approach is activated (and the correct
press the PROC key to frequency is active in the VLOC window), the unit will
display the procedures automatically switch within 1.2 nautical miles left or right
page. of the approach course. This switch can take place any-
where from 2.0 to 15.0 nautical miles from the FAF. The
2. Turn the large right
switch occurs gradually to prevent abrupt CDI changes.
knob to highlight “Activate Vector-To-Final?”. This does not occur automatically when configured for the
3. Press the ENT key. King KAP140/KFC225 autopilots as Auto ILS CDI Selection
Flying an Approach
is not allowed.
Due to the variety of available approach procedures, the • As you progress to each approach waypoint, a waypoint
specific steps required will vary according to the approach alert message (“NEXT DTK ###°”) will appear in the
selected. Keep the following general guidelines in mind lower right corner of the display.
while flying the approach: • When you should begin a course change (via a standard
• The 400W series is designed to complement your rate turn), turn advisories (“TURN TO ###°”) will appear
printed approach plates and improve situational in the lower right corner of the display.
awareness throughout the approach. However, you • For GPS-based approaches, receiver autonomous integ-
must always fly an approach as it appears on the rity monitoring (RAIM) will monitor satellite conditions
approach plate. and alert you—using an “INTEG” at the bottom left
corner of the display — if protection limits cannot be
16 190-00356-01 Rev D
 APPROACHES

maintained. If this occurs, the GPS receiver should not • As you cross the missed
be used for primary navigation guidance. Revert to an approach point, “SUSP” will
alternate navigation source, or select an alternate desti- appear above the OBS key,
nation airport. LPV, LNAV+V, and L/VNAV approaches indicating that automatic
will downgrade to LNAV if GPS integrity cannot be sequencing of waypoints
met. There is no need to switch to guidance by other is suspended at the missed
navigation equipment unless GPS LNAV is insufficient approach point, and a “from” indication will appear on
or integrity degrades further. the CDI (or HSI).
Flying the Missed Approach
• Within 31 nautical miles of the destination airport, CDI 1. After crossing the Missed Approach Point, press
scaling will transition from 2.0 NM (en route mode, or the OBS key. The next waypoint in the approach
“ENR”) to 1.0 nautical mile (terminal mode, or “TERM”). is automatically offered as the destination
Conversely, when leaving the departure airport, CDI scal- waypoint.
ing will transition from 1.0 NM to 2.0 NM when 30 miles
out. GPS-based approaches will see a second transition 2. Follow the missed approach procedures, as pub-
when within 2.0 NM of the final approach fix, scaling lished on your approach plate, for proper climb and
from 1.0 NM to angular full-scale deflection (approach heading instructions.
mode, or “LNAV, LNAV+V, L/LNAV, or LPV”). 3. An alert message in the lower right hand corner
• A "RT TO xxx° x S" or "LT TO xxx° x S" prompt will of the screen will recom-
appear in the lower right corner of the display to advise mend entry procedures for
you when you are at a safe distance to initiate a procedure the holding pattern (e.g.,
turn. The procedure turn is displayed on the map page, “HOLD TEARDROP”). As
but guidance through the turn itself is not provided you fly the holding pat-
except via roll steering-equipped autopilots. tern, a timer appears on
the default NAV page. The timer automatically
• Alerts for proper holding pattern entry (e.g. “HOLD
resets on the outbound side of the hold when you
DIRECT”) are displayed in the lower right corner of the
are abeam the hold waypoint. The timer again
display. Waypoint sequencing is automatically suspended
(indicated by “SUSP” directly above the OBS key) at the resets as you turn inbound (within approximately
holding waypoint. Press the OBS key again to return to 30° of the inbound course).
automatic waypoint sequencing. For course reversals, 4. The unit will provide course guidance only on the
waypoint sequencing is suspended for one trip around inbound side of the holding pattern, however guid-
the holding pattern only, after which it will return to ance is provided along the entire holding pattern
automatic waypoint sequencing. via roll steering-equipped autopilots. When leav-
• The CDI will guide you through a DME arc. Just keep ing the holding pattern to re-fly the approach (or
the needle centered as you fly along the arc. another approach) press the PROC key to “Select
Approach?” or “Activate Approach?” as previously
described. (Or, use the direct-to key to select
another destination).
190-00356-01 Rev D 17
 APPROACHES

Annunciation Description
LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance
(LPV) approach. Fly to LPV minimums. A yel-
low background indicates that the approach
is safe to continue but a downgrade to LNAV
may occur.
L/VNAV Lateral Navigation and Vertical Navigation
(LNAV/VNAV) approach. Fly to Lnav/Vnav
minimums.
LNAV+V Non-precision GPS approach with advisory
vertical guidance. Note that some LNAV/VNAV
approaches are not yet marked in the data-
base as such and will show up as LNAV+V. If
the chart shows the approach as Lnav/Vnav,
it can be flown to Lnav/Vnav minimums.
LNAV Lateral Navigation approach. Fly to LNAV
minimums.
MAPR Missed Approach indicates the system is
providing missed approach integrity and CDI
full-scale deflection ±0.3 NM.
ENR En route, CDI full-scale deflection is 2.0 NM
or current CDI scale selection, whichever is
smaller.
TERM Terminal, CDI full-scale deflection is 1.0 NM
or current CDI scale selection, whichever is
smaller.
DPRT Departure, indicates the system is using non-
precision approach integrity. HAL = 0.3 and
CDI full-scale deflection is 0.3 NM.
OCN Oceanic, CDI full-scale deflection is 2.0 NM.
LOW ALT For LNAV+V, Lnav/Vnav, or LPV approaches,
(lower window) the LOW ALT annunciation indicates the
aircraft’s estimated height is lower than the
Final Approach Waypoint height by more than
the current VPL plus 50 meters. This annuncia-
tion will not be active when TAWS or Terrain is
operational.

18 190-00356-01 Rev D
 © 2006-2009 GARMIN Corporation

GARMIN International, Inc.

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Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020
Fax 913/397.8282

Garmin AT, Inc.

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Liberty House, Hounsdown Business Park, Southhampton, SO40 9RB, U.K.
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www.garmin.com

Part Number 190-00356-01 Rev. D

190-00356-01 Rev D