HUMANITIES

 Humanities came from the Latin word humanus meaning refined, cultured, and
human.
 Study of the different cultural aspects of man, his frailties in life and how it can be
improved.
 Records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself
and about life.
 Humanities (Art Appreciation) are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts
 Emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative expressions
 Aimed to shaped students subjective energies (feelings, attitudes, and aspirations)

IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES
 Man needs an image of himself
 Understanding of his natures
 Necessary for the development of a complete, social man
 Provides man with a measure of his own passion and desire
 Regulate man’s behavior

DIVISION OF THE ARTS

 Visual: arts that are primarily seen, occupy space.
 Visual Arts: paintings, sculptures, and architectures, etc.
 Auditory: heard, timed arts; exist in time.
 Combined/performing arts: combines visual and auditory elements
 Combined: drama & theatre, dancing, cinema & TV, opera, etc.

PURPOSES OF THE ARTS

. Create beauty
. Provide decoration
. Reveal truth
. Immortalize
. Express religious values
. Record and commemorate experience
. Create order & harmony

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

 Art has been created by all people at all times, in all countries and it lives because its
well-liked and enjoyed
 Art involves experience; there can never be appreciation of art without experience.
 Art is not nature; Nature is not art.
ART AND NATURE
 Art is not nature. Art is made by human beings. Artists frequently find their
inspiration and subject matter in nature, and artists do use nature as a medium, but art
itself is not nature.
 Art is made by human beings, and no matter how close it is to nature, it always shows
that it was made by human beings.
The function of the artist is to help us understand the nature of things, to realize the
possibilities in the world, to develop insights or enlarge imagination by creating or
revealing new subjects.
 Art is made by man
 Art is everywhere.
 Art is man’s oldest means of expression; Art as a means of expression &
communication.
 “The humanities constitute one of the oldest and most important means of
expression developed by man”. Human history has witnessed how man evolved not
just physically but also culturally, from cave painters to men of exquisite paintbrush
users of the present. The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of Altamira,
Spain is one such example. In 1879, a Spaniard and his daughter were exploring a
cave when they saw pictures of a wild boar, hind, and bison.

PREHISTORIC PAINTING
 According to experts, these paintings were purported to belong to the Upper
Paleolithic Age, several thousands of years before the current era. Prehistoric men,
with their crude instruments, already showcased and manifested earliest attempts at
recording man’s innermost interests, preoccupations, and thoughts.
 The humanities, then, ironically, have started even before the term has been coined.
Human persons have long been exercising what it means to be a human long before
he was even aware of his being one. The humanities stand tall in bearing witness to
this magnificent phenomenon. Any human person, then, is tasked to participate, if not,
totally partake in this long tradition of humanizing himself.

POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

 Visual Arts - Is the kind of art form that the population is most likely more exposed
to, but its variations are so diverse they range from sculptures that you see in art
galleries to the last movie you saw. Some mediums of visual arts include paintings,
drawings, lettering, printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
 Film - refers to the art of putting together successions of still images in order to
create an illusion of movement, Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural, and
social value and is considered as both an art and an industry.
 Performance Art - is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human body
which he or she uses to perform, but also employs other kinds of art such as visual art,
props, or sound.
 Poetry Performance - is an art form where the artist expresses his emotions not by
using paint, charcoal, or camera, but expresses them through words.
 Architecture - is the art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of
structures. It is often referred to as the “mother of the arts” because it houses, serves
as background for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art. Materials used include
stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.
  Dance - is a series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music
accompaniment.
 Dance (French, dancier) generally refers to human movement either used
as a form of expression or presented in a social, or spiritual or performance
setting.
 Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this
is called a choreographer.
 Literary Art - goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic, and other
technical form of writing. It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a
specific form or norm. It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels,
biographies and poems.
 Theater - uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live
audience. Theater art performance usually follows a script, though they should not be
confused with literary arts.
 Applied Arts - incorporate elements of style and design to everyday items with the
aim of increasing their aesthetic value. Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and
comfort into many things that are useful in everyday life.

THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

. As a Therapy
 In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as therapy for individuals
with a variety of illnesses, both physical and mental.
. Art as Artifact
 Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a particular time and place,
an artwork represents the ideas and technology of that specific time and place.
As we look back over history, we find in art striking, and in some cases, the
only, tangible records of some peoples. The insights we gain into cultures,
including our own, are enhanced tremendously by such artifacts as paintings,
sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings.
. Personal Function of Art
 The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective. This means
that its function depends on the person- the artist who created the art.
. Social Function of Art
 Art is considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a
particular collective interest as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is a
very common example of an art with a social function. Art may convey a
message of protest, contestation, or whatever message the artist intends his
work to carry.
. Physical Function of Art
 The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot and understand. The
physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are crafted in order to
serve some physical purpose.
. Other Functions of Art
  Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in relation to function.
Music in its original form was principally functional. Music was used for
dance and religion. Unlike today, when one can just listen to music for the
sake of music’s sake, the ancient world saw music only as an instrument to
facilitate worship and invocation to gods. Music also was essential to dance
because music assures synchronicity among dancers.
 Art as a Representation
 Art as a Disinterested Judgment
 Art as a Communication of Emotion

SUBJECT AND CONTENT

 Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from
examining the artwork. (What?)
 Content is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the artwork. (Why?)

TYPES OF SUBJECT
 Representational Art - ¨These types of art have subjects that refer to objects or
events occurring in the real world. Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as
the name suggests, the figures depicted are easy to make out and decipher.

¨
 Non-Representational Art - This art does not make a reference to the real world,

whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event. It is stripped down to

visual elements such as shapes, lines, emotion, and even concept.
 Jackson Pollock, detail of “Number 1A”

SOURCES OF SUBJECT
 Nature
 History
 Sacred Oriental Text
 Greek and Roman Mythology
 Judeo-Christian Tradition
 Other works of art

KINDS OF SUBJECT
 History
 Still life
 Animals
 Landscape
 Cityscape
 Seascape
 Figures
 Nature
 Myth
  Mythology
 Fantasies
 Dreams

CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning:
 Factual pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how
these elements relate to one another.
 Conventional meaning, on the other hand, pertains to the acknowledged
interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and other ciphers as bases
of its meaning. These conventions are established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and scholars who study
then.
 When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meanings may arise when a
particular work of art is read. These meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s
circumstances that come into play when engaging with art.
 “Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at Sistine Chapel

ARTIST AND ARTISAN

 “MONALIZA” by Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) known for painting, drawing,
sculpting, science, engineering, architecture, anatomy
 “The Creation of Adam” - Michelangelo Di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
(1475-1564), Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an
unparalleled influence on the development of Western art
 “DALAGANG BUKID” - Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the “Grand Old
Man of Philippine Art”

What is an Artist?
 Is a person who performs any of the creative art. This captures all forms of art.
 Is an practitioner such as painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, musician, etc.
who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using
imagination
 The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for the sake of art itself
without needing any ulterior motive

What is an Artisan?
 Is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. This includes various objects ranging
from jewelry to furniture.
 An artisan should not be confused with an artist because there is a clear difference in
the things that they create. An artisan is able to produce something that has a
functional value; although it should not be limited to its use value alone.

What is the difference between Artist and Artisan?

  Artistic Value:
 Artist: The object has a clear artistic value
 Artisan: The object has an artistic value
 Functional Value:
 Artist: The object has no functional value
 Artisan: The object has functional value
 Object:
 Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value, is appreciated for this
quality as it pleases its individual
 Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it
COLOGNE CATHEDRAL IN GERMANY
 An example of early Gothic Architecture
 Collaboration between the artist who made the design and the artisan who help in
the construction of the whole building

ARTISAN AND GUILDS

 These guilds where towns had formalized groups of artisans or craftsmen who took
on a particular specialization or trade; shoemakers, textile and glass workers,
carpenters, carvers, masons, armorers, and weapon-makers, among others.
 The practice of the artists was not grounded on the idea of individual capacities or
success; rather, in the commitment to work together as a collective.
 Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with rules,
customs, rights and responsibilities. With a lifetime commitment to a particular trade,
an artisans develops immense skill and expertise in his craft.
PHILIPPINE ARTISANS
 Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol

What is an Art Curator?

 Art curators are employed by museums and art galleries to design, develop, and
manage installations and exhibits. This requires them to acquire works of art, ensure
proper storage and help maintain museum collections.
 Art curators typically specialize in specific areas of art, like Western, Asian, or
contemporary art. The job duties of a curator are vast. They may put on public events
like lectures and workshops, write grants and conduct fundraising activities. In
addition, they conduct research projects and write papers for publication.

ROLE OF AN ART CURATOR

 The role of the curator is more of the interpretation and development of the artworks
or the collections through establishing the significance, relationship, and relevance of
these materials —-- in isolation and/or as part of a wider narrative. Some of the roles
expected of curators are the ability to research and write, as an arbiter of design and
layout, deciding for the display and hanging of materials for exhibition.

AWARDS AND CITATIONS

  The two major awards given to artist in the Philippines are the Order ng
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of National Artist) and Gawad sa Manlilikha
ng Bayad (The National Living Treasures Award)
 The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayad (GAMABA) was created in 1992
 A “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen engaged in any traditional art
uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of
technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely
practiced by the present generation in his/her community with the same
degree of technical and artistic competence.”
 The conferment of the Order of National Artist is the “highest national recognition
given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine Arts; namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature,
film, broadcast art, and architecture and allied arts. The order is jointly administered
by the Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon
recommendation by both institutions” (NCCA, 2015).

VISUAL ELEMENTS
THE ELEMENTS OF ART:
. Lines
. Colors
. Texture
. Perspective
. Space
. Form
. Volume

THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

 The elements of art are the visual components which are required to create a work of
art.
 Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art can help any artist to create
well-balanced and beautiful designs.
 To develop a more thorough understanding of artistic composition, one must learn
how to examine and utilize the various art elements.

LINE
 Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can create texture
and can be thick and thin. Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal and contour line.
 Is an important element at the disposal of every artist.
 Always has direction, always moving.
 As used in any work of art, may either be straight or curved.
 Lines are the first element of art and are continuous marks that are made on any
surface with a moving point.
 Lines can be used in various ways to create different compositions.
  A line can be used to express various things or feelings; it can be used to show
various moods or anything abstract.
 Line serves as an essential building block of art, but it can also serve as the content
itself of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an emotional or intellectual
response from a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010).
VERTICAL LINES
 Vertical lines are poised for action. They are poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic.
They express an impression of dignity.
 Only vertical lines can be used to express an orderly feeling
HORIZONTAL LINES
 Horizontal lines are lines of repose and serenity. They express ideas of calmness and
quiescence.
 Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of peacefulness and stillness.
DIAGONAL LINES
 Diagonal lines are used to create feelings of movement or action.
CURVED LINES
 Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, suggest gracefulness or sexiness.
 There are various ways to integrate lines into a photograph to help strengthen the
overall composition and draw attention to a specific focal point.
3 MAIN TYPES OF LINES
 Repetition occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a corner following the
lines of the corner.
 Lines that are in opposition to each other form a contrast.
 A transition line is a line that connects two workflow elements. Transition lines
allow you to define what the next step in a workflow will be.
 To summarize, including leading lines within a photograph is a composition
technique that can strongly influence the overall result of an image.
 Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a main focal point or, if used incorrectly,
can draw the eye away from the subject or appear to cut a photo in half.

COLOR
 Color refers to the visual perception of light being reflected from a surface of an
artwork.
 In the most basic classification, colors can be divided into three groups: primary,
secondary and tertiary.
ATTRIBUTES TO COLOR
 Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly referred to by the "color
names" - red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which appear in the hue circle or
rainbow. Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three basic hues, known
as primaries.
 A color wheel is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle
that shows relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.
 Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is the quality which depends
on the amount of light and dark in color.
  Tints are values above the normal
 Shades are values below the normal.
 Intensity refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It gives color strength. When
a hue is vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity. When it is dulled, it is said to be
partly neutralized.
PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
 Colors have varied psychological and emotional connotations.
– Black is associated with death and gloom
– White stands for purity and innocence
– Red is associated with blood, anger and fear
– Green implies happiness and abundance

TEXTURE
 is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch.
 applies to how an object feels or appears to feel.
 can be either implied or actual.
 Texture is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch.
 It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine
or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.
 Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface might feel. For example, a
painting of a blanket might convey the idea that the blanket is soft.
 Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can actually be felt. For example, a
ceramic bowl might feature a carved texture that could be felt when holding that
bowl.

PERSPECTIVE
 Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by
means of which the eye judges spatial relationships.
KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE
 Linear perspective is the representation of an appearance of distance by means of
converging lines.
 It has to do with the direction of lines and with the size of objects.
 Painters usually show the effect of space and distance by using converging lines and
diminishing size.
 Parallel lines below the eye level seem to rise to a vanishing point in the horizon,
while those above the eye level seem to descend to the vanishing point.
 Foreshortening is the representation of objects or parts of the body as smaller from
the point of view of the observer.
 Aerial perspective is the representation of relative distances of objects by gradations
of tone or color.
 Objects become fainter in the distance due to the effect of the atmosphere. Objects
appear to be lighter in color as they recede into the distance or atmosphere.

SPACE
  Space refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work of art is created. It
can also refer to the expression of depth within a work of art.
 When talking about a three-dimensional object, space is the actual volume that is
taken up by the artwork.
 Space as an element of art, refers to distances or areas around, between or within
components of a piece.
 Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or
dark),open or closed, shallow or deep and two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
 Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but the illusion of it is.
KINDS OF SPACE
 Positive space - the areas in a work of art that are the subjects, or areas of interest.
 Negative space – areas around the subjects, or areas of interest.
 Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used to describe distinct areas or
parts of works of art or architecture.

FORM
 Form applies to the overall design of a work of art.
 It describes the structure or shape of an object.
 Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As such, form is an art term that is only
applied to those artworks that are three-dimensional, such as sculpture and pottery.
 Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have hard
lines and edges. Organic forms are curvy and more free-form.
TYPES OF FORM
 Form and shape can also be described as either organic or geometric.
 Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders typically are irregular in
outline, and often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally
occurring.
 Geometric forms are those which correspond to named regular shapes, such as
squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and other regular forms.

VOLUME
 Volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions.
 It refers to solidity or thickness.