i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF TABLES...............................................................................................................................................iii
TABLE OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................................iii
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................iv
SECTION 1 – VALIDATION..................................................................................................................................1
1.1 VALIDATION OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................1
1.2 VALIDATION CRITERIA...............................................................................................................................2
1.3 VALIDATION ACTIVITIES............................................................................................................................3
1.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE VALIDATION PROCESS...................................................4
1.5 VALIDATION DELIVERABLES....................................................................................................................4
1.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT..................................................................................................................5
SECTION 2 – VERIFICATION..............................................................................................................................6
2.1 SCOPE STATEMENT EVALUATION...........................................................................................................6
2.2 VERIFICATION OF THE SCOPE OF THE ABHS PROJECT.......................................................................7
2.3 CHANGE INTEGRATION MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................12
SECTION 3 – ETHICS...........................................................................................................................................16
3.1 TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY............................................................................................16
3.2 IMPARTIALITY AND FAIRNESS...............................................................................................................16
3.3 CONFIDENTIALITY AND DATA PROTECTION......................................................................................16
3.4 ADHERENCE TO PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS....................................................................................17
3.5 CONFLICT OF INTEREST............................................................................................................................17
3.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION:.................................................................17
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................................18
REFFERENCES......................................................................................................................................................19
APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................................................21
APPENDIX A- SCOPE VALIDATION QUESTIONNAIRE TEMPLATE........................................................21
APPENDIX B - SCOPE VALIDATION PROCESS............................................................................................24
WORK BREAKDOWN MATRIX.........................................................................................................................24

ii
TABLE OF TABLES

Table 1 - Validation Criteria for the ABHS project.....................................................................................................2

Table 2 - Validation roles and Responsibilities...........................................................................................................4
Table 3 - Validation deliverables.................................................................................................................................4
Table 4 - Project Stakeholders and their roles in the validation process.....................................................................5
Table 5 - Verification Process for the Scope of ABHS...............................................................................................8
Table 6 - Change Management Process for Scope changes in ABHS Project..........................................................14

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 - Scope Validation Techniques......................................................................................................................3

Figure 2 - Validation Documentation..........................................................................................................................5
Figure 3 - 6 Point Change Integration Management adopted by (Canva - Noisy Frame, n.d.).................................12

iii
INTRODUCTION

Successful management of project scope is crucial for the timely and efficient delivery of project outcomes.
Subsequently, to achieve successful implementation of an Airport Baggage Handling System (ABHS) project, it is
essential to have a complete and clear scope document that outlines the project's objectives, requirements, and
deliverables together with, integrating effective verification and validation processes within the scope document to
ensure accuracy, reliability, and compliance of the ABHS. Hence, this assignment discusses the importance of
validating and verifying the project's scope together with examining how verification and validation processes can
be integrated into the scope document for the ABHS project. Additionally, it also addresses ethical and
professional concerns within the context of scope verification and validation. It highlights the moral issues
surrounding data privacy, security, and compliance, which are important components in the process validation and
verification of the ABHS project that involves private passenger data and security procedures. Consequently, the
scope document for the ABHS project which was the first part of our assignment serves as a reference point or a
road map for understanding the project's specific requirements, objectives, assumptions, deliverables, and
constraints. Hence, by analyzing and aligning the verification and validation processes with the scope document,
we aim to effectively validate and verify the scope against the defined requirements, ensuring its feasibility and
functionality. In short, this paper will provide a comprehensive discussion on the integration and introduction of
verification and validation processes within the scope document for the ABHS project along with considering the
ethics and professionalism issues to ensure the successful implementation of the ABHS project.

iv
SECTION 1 – VALIDATION

The formal process of confirming that the project deliverables satisfy requirements and stakeholder expectations,
is known as scope validation. According to the
(Project Management Institute & Project Management Institute, 2017) “
validation of scope is the formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables." It is the procedure by
which the project's stakeholders affirm and approve the deliverables of the project. It offers a formal method of
acquiring acceptance and approval, allowing the project to successfully move on to the following stage.
Consequently, the validation procedure is essential to regulating the ABHS project's scope. It enables project
teams to evaluate the system's functionality, performance, and compliance to make sure it complies with all
necessary specifications and is consistent with accepted industry standards. Project managers can reduce risks,
improve the accuracy of the ABHS, and inspire trust in stakeholders by completing comprehensive validation.
Hence, the subsequent section of this document highlights various facets of the validation process and its
importance in the successful implementation of the ABHS project.

1.1 VALIDATION OBJECTIVES

By setting these validation objectives, the project team can focus their efforts on ensuring the accuracy, alignment,
feasibility, and clarity of the project scope. These objectives guide the validation processes and help achieve
successful scope management.
1. Verify the ABHS project scope's reliability and accuracy: The project's requirements, objectives, and
deliverables are appropriately reflected in the established scope, with all relevant components and
functionalities included, according to the validation process, which strives to confirm.
2. Confirm alignment with stakeholders' expectations: By including key stakeholders' input to make sure
the scope satisfies their demands; the validation process aims to confirm that the project scope fits their
expectations and requirements.
3. Verify the feasibility of the project scope: Validation attempts to evaluate the practicality and feasibility
of the project scope against the project's constraints, such as time, money, and resources.
4. Identify and tackle scope gaps or inconsistencies: The validation process seeks to find any gaps,
inconsistencies, or contradictions in the project scope and subsequently addresses these issues by analysing
the scope in comparison to the requirements of the project, as well as comparing it to the best practices or
industry standards.
5. Improve comprehension and clarity: The validation process aims to make the project's scope more
understandable and clearer together with improving communication.
6. Manage scope changes: Ensure any scope adjustments are appropriately assessed, approved, and
incorporated into the project schedule through effective scope management.
7. Support continuous scope control and monitoring: The validation procedure defines a baseline for the
project scope and offers a point of comparison for assessing and monitoring scope changes over the course
of the project, facilitating efficient scope management and preventing scope creep.

1
1.2 VALIDATION CRITERIA

The project team can thoroughly assess the scope and determine whether it complies with the necessary attributes
by using these validation criteria. The criteria serve as a foundation for objective evaluation and aid in locating
any scope statement flaws or opportunities for development.

Table 1 - Validation Criteria for the ABHS project

2
1.3 VALIDATION ACTIVITIES

The validation activities for the ABHS project scope place a strong emphasis on doing an in-depth assessment of
the required documents and involving stakeholders in workshops and interviews, together with validation
techniques, and scope gap analysis, eventually producing a comprehensive validation report.
 Stakeholder Interviews: Interview relevant stakeholders, such as project sponsors, end users, and subject
matter experts to obtain their input on the project scope and its alignment with their expectations and
requirements, and recommendations.
 Implement various methods and Techniques of scope validation to verify the ABHS project's scope, such
as:

Prototyping and
Mockups

Scope
Requirements
Traceability
Validation Expert Review
techniques

Scope
Walkthrough

Figure 1 - Scope Validation Techniques

a. Scope Walkthrough: With the project team and stakeholders, go over the scope documents in a methodical
manner to seek agreement, and address any differences or gaps.
b. Requirements Traceability: Create connections that allow you to track back from the project's scope to the
underlying requirements. Check to make sure that each criterion is fully covered within the scope and that
there are no extraneous or incongruous items. (Ramesh et al., 1997)
c. Prototyping and Mockups: Create ABHS system prototypes or mockups to visualise and confirm the
scope.
d. Expert Review: Consult subject-matter experts or industry professionals to evaluate the project's scope.
 Documentation Analysis: Examine all relevant project documentation, such as the scope statement, project
charter, requirement documents, and other related information, and examine the scope's adequacy and
alignment with the ABHS project's deliverables.
 Perform Scope Workshop: Organize an interactive scope validation workshop with key stakeholders to
validate and refine the scope.
 Perform Scope Gap Analysis: To identify gaps or discrepancies, compare the validated scope to the project's
original specifications such as requirements, standards, objectives, and constraints. Examine the effects of
these gaps and provide solutions to address the gaps in order to minimize major changes in the scope.
 Validation Report: Compile, document, and communicate the results of the ABHS scope validation. Report
on the findings that includes any recommendations or modifications for the scope.
3
1.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE VALIDATION PROCESS

Table 2 - Validation roles and Responsibilities

1.5 VALIDATION DELIVERABLES

The physical results of a project's validation process, such as documentation, are known as the validation
deliverables. These deliverables provide proof that the project satisfies the objectives and specifications laid out in
the specification. In order to provide transparency, accountability, and quality assurance, they offer a thorough
record of validation actions and results. (PROJECT SCOPE MANAGEMENT, n.d.) A scope validation report,
validated project scope document, stakeholder feedback summary, the scope change management plan, and
validation sign-off, are among the validation deliverables for the ABHS project.
Table 3 - Validation deliverables

4
1.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

In the validation procedures of the Automated Baggage Handling System (ABHS) project, the participation of
relevant stakeholders is fundamental to collect feedback and acquire input to ensure alignment of ABHS project
scope, with strategic objectives, technical viability and operational requirements. The some of the key
stakeholders of the ABHS project and their respective roles are highlighted in the subsequent table.

Table 4 - Project Stakeholders and their roles in the validation process

1.7 VALIDATION DOCUMENTATION

The validation process should be documented to maintain traceability, and transparency, and to serve as a guide
for future scope management activities. The scope validation documents for ABHS project should include the
following:

Adjustments to
Scope

Recommendations Validation Criteria

Validation
Documents

Validation
Validation Findings
Documentation

Validation
Methodology

Figure 2 - Validation Documentation

5
SECTION 2 – VERIFICATION

The verification process for the scope of the ABHS project involves several steps to ensure that the defined scope
is accurate and aligned with project objectives and deliverables. (T. Hans, 2013) Firstly, a thorough analysis of the
initial project objectives, challenges, and stakeholder requirements is conducted to identify key features and
boundaries. It is followed by generating a new scope statement, incorporating technical limitations and critical
success factors, and aligning it with general project management principles. (Hans, 2008) The scope is then
verified through activities such as stakeholder cooperation, communication, and change management, as well as
through rigorous testing and evaluation of the deliverables. The project consultant is responsible for ensuring that
the scope is clearly defined, controlled, and documented and that any necessary changes are appropriately
managed. The process also guarantees the stakeholder requirements are validated against the scope before being
verified alongside the deliverables. (Gluch et al., 2001)

The verification report for the ABHS project includes a summary of the verification criteria and verification
activities conducted to ensure the project deliverables' accuracy and completeness, which was highlighted in the
scope statement of the previous document. It outlines the verification process's objectives and details the
verification activities that can be used with the delegated responsibilities discussed. The report also includes any
identified issues, discrepancies, or non-compliance with the specified criteria and recommendations for corrective
actions. (Hans, 2021) Additionally, it highlights the overall verification status and confirms the readiness of the
deliverables for further stages of the project. The verification report serves as a comprehensive record of the
verification process and its outcomes, providing stakeholders with an overview of the verification activities and
their impact on the project's success. (Tarawneh, 2018)

2.1 SCOPE STATEMENT EVALUATION

The ABHS project scope statement is comprehensive and well-defined, clearly understanding objectives,
deliverables, boundaries, constraints, and acceptance criteria. The External Senior Project Consultant's analysis
systematically extracts key features, collects stakeholder requirements, and generates a Requirements Traceability
Matrix. The scope statement includes technical limitations and critical success factors, minimizing scope risks. It
covers project management aspects like stakeholder interaction, coordination, change management, resource
management, timeline, quality assurance and control, risk management, and documentation. The scope statement
provides a clear roadmap for the project, ensuring stakeholders have a shared understanding of the project's goals
and expectations. (Dem et al., 2023)

6
2.2 VERIFICATION OF THE SCOPE OF THE ABHS PROJECT

Table 1 outlines a comprehensive verification process for ABHS project deliverables, ensuring quality and
compliance. The criteria are well-defined and aligned with objectives, allowing for a clear compliance evaluation.
The verification activities cover essential steps like reviewing, analysing, testing, and assessing deliverables.
However, the table does not provide specific details on verification methods and tools, such as inspection, review,
testing procedures, or software. (Dekkers, 2007) Additionally, it does not address the frequency or timing of
verification activities, which are crucial for ongoing compliance throughout the project lifecycle. Establishing a
clear schedule for conducting verification activities at project milestones is recommended, as documenting
specific verification techniques, tools, and metrics, and encouraging regular communication and collaboration
among verification responsibilities to improve the verification process. (Adam & Danaparamita, 2016) By
incorporating these recommendations, the verification process becomes more robust and effective in ensuring the
quality and compliance of ABHS project deliverables. (Acosta-Dacal et al., 2021)

7
Table 5 - Verification Process for the Scope of ABHS
10
11
2.3 CHANGE INTEGRATION MANAGEMENT

Change integration management in the ABHS project involves a systematic assessment, evaluation, and
implementation of scope changes. This process includes change identification, evaluation, prioritization, approval,
implementation, validation, documentation, communication, and control. (Lauer, 2021) Change identification
involves documenting changes requested by stakeholders, while evaluation considers cost, schedule, resources,
and project objectives. Prioritization identifies critical changes and approval from sponsors, stakeholders, and
governance bodies. Implementation involves updating project plans, schedules, budgets, and documentation, while
validation ensures successful integration and alignment with objectives. Documentation updates scope statements,
requirements, and other documents. Communication ensures stakeholders understand approved changes, rationale,
and impact on deliverables, timelines, and resources. Change control identifies, evaluates, supports, and
implements future changes, ensuring alignment with project objectives. By incorporating scope changes under
change integration management, the ABHS project manages and controls modifications, providing seamless
integration and alignment with goals. (Todnem By, 2005) Figure 1 below shows the 6-point change integration
management process that shall be followed in case of change incorporation in the scope management.

Figure 3 - 6 Point Change Integration Management adopted by (Canva - Noisy Frame, n.d.)
Table 2 below outlines the ABHS project's integration and change request management process for scope changes,
including identification, documentation, evaluation, prioritization, planning, implementation, and monitoring. This
process ensures effective management, alignment with project objectives, and stakeholder collaboration.

Including “Scope Changes” allows for tracking and documenting any changes to the project scope associated with
each deliverable. This column identifies instances where the original scope may have been modified due to
stakeholder requests, budget constraints, integration issues, system testing outcomes, training requirements, or
changes in regulatory requirements. This information provides visibility into how the scope has evolved
throughout the project and helps understand the impact of scope changes on the verification process. However, the
recommendations for corrective actions in Table 1 can now also consider the scope changes identified. This allows
for appropriate adjustments to address the identified issues, discrepancies, non-compliance, and scope changes.
(Althiyabi & Qureshi, 2021)

The verification and change management processes are essential for successful scope changes in the ABHS
project, where systematic verification activities assess deliverables against predefined standards and identify issues
to make informed decisions. Change management integrates changes into the project plan, schedule, budget, and
resources, while ethical considerations like transparency, fairness, and accountability are prioritized. Ethical
decision-making guides the assessment of changes' impact on project constraints, avoiding undue burden or
negative consequences. Upholding ethical principles fosters trust, collaboration, and responsible project
governance, preventing conflicts of interest and aligning changes with moral values.

13
Table 6 - Change Management Process for Scope changes in ABHS Project
SECTION 3 – ETHICS

The verification and validation processes have very important roles in project management methodologies,
ensuring the quality and compliance of the deliverables. In the context of the Airport Baggage Handling System
(ABHS) project, ethical and professionalism issues arise during these processes. This part of the paper will
describe ethical considerations and professionalism standards regarding the verification and validation of the
ABHS, focusing on transparency, impartiality, confidentiality, adherence to professional standards, conflict of
interest, and stakeholder engagement and communication.

3.1 TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

During the ABHS project's verification and validation stages, transparency is important. The progress and results
of the system testing and validation activities must be accurately and honestly reported by project managers and
team members in order to maintain a high level of transparency. Stakeholders are fully informed about the
system's performance and are able to make wise decisions thanks to open communication regarding the outcomes,
difficulties, and mitigation techniques. Transparency creates trust and responsibility among stakeholders and
within the project team, making sure any problems or departures from the project's goals are quickly resolved.
(Indeed,2022)

3.2 IMPARTIALITY AND FAIRNESS

Critical ethical factors in the ABHS project's verification and validation processes include impartiality and
fairness. All baggage handling system components, including software, hardware, and integration interfaces, need
to be impartially evaluated to achieve an objective review. In order assess each component, the verification and
validation team should develop defined standards that take functionality, reliability, and compatibility into
account. The project team supports the values of fairness and impartiality by completing assessments based on
uniform and objective criteria, regardless of vendor or stakeholder opinions.

3.3 CONFIDENTIALITY AND DATA PROTECTION

Handling private information, such as passenger data, security standards, or exclusive technology, may be
necessary for the ABHS project. Project managers and team members are required by ethical considerations to
prioritise confidentiality and safeguard stakeholder data privacy throughout the verification and validation
procedures. To avoid unauthorised access or theft of information, they should follow pertinent data protection
laws and put in place suitable security measures. The project team builds confidence and exhibits respect for
stakeholders' privacy rights by assuring confidentiality and data security. (SLearn, 2023)
3.4 ADHERENCE TO PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

Professional standards compliance is important to the ABHS project's verification and validation processes. The
Project Management Institute (PMI) has set out a set of principles that project managers and team members should
adhere to which, involves upholding ethical standards and conduct norms, proving efficiency in running system
testing, and assuring the accuracy of data and outcomes. The project team builds stakeholders' trust, ensures the
accuracy of the verification and validation procedures, and raises the project's level of professionalism overall by
adhering to these professional standards.

3.5 CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Conflicts of interest may occur throughout the verification and validation stages due to the ABHS project's
complexity. These issues need to be proactively identified by project managers and team members and handled
responsibly. Any personal or professional interests that could be able to affect their judgement and decision-
making should be disclosed. The project team assures an objective assessment of the system's effectiveness by
recognising and resolving conflicts of interest. Conflicts can be reduced, and the integrity of the verification and
validation processes upheld through procedures like independent peer assessments, third-party audits, or open
decision-making procedures. (Romain, 2015)

3.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION:

During the ABHS project's verification and validation procedures, effective stakeholder participation and
communication are crucial. To guarantee that all parties, including airport authorities, airlines, and passengers, are
informed about the system testing activities, validation methods, and anticipated results, project managers should
create open, transparent streams of communication. Stakeholders can offer suggestions, voice their concerns, and
help the project succeed by being involved throughout the process. The project team creates professionalism and
guarantees that the verification and validation procedures are in line with stakeholders' demands and expectations
by actively engaging stakeholders and keeping open communication throughout the project.

In conclusion to Ethics and Professionalism, verification and validation procedures for the Airport Bag Handling
System (ABHS) project, which are a part of project management procedures, need careful consideration of ethical
and professional issues. Transparency, objectivity, confidentiality, adherence to professional standards, conflicts
of interest management, and stakeholder engagement are the essential elements of sustaining ethical behaviour and
professionalism throughout those tactics. By paying careful attention to these criteria, project managers and team
members can help protect the integrity of the verification and validation activities, build trust among stakeholders,
and ensure the successful implementation of the ABHS system. It is important to the project's reputation and long-
term success of the participating businesses to uphold high standards of ethics and professionalism.

16
CONCLUSION

The ABHS Project faced challenges such as scope creep, chaotic communications, insufficient testing, minimal
stakeholder involvement, and poor project planning. A comprehensive approach is needed, including validation
and verification processes, re-evaluation of collecting requirements, defining scope, and creating the WBS, where
effective change management should be implemented through ethical considerations to address these issues.
Validation ensures the automated baggage handling system meets defined stakeholder requirements and performs
as intended, reducing the risk of disruptions and operational matters. Verification ensures project deliverables
meet specified criteria and align with the scope deliverables, enabling timely corrective actions. Change
integration management is crucial for assessing the impact of proposed changes, integrating them into the project
plan, and ensuring proper communication and stakeholder engagement. By implementing change management
mechanisms, project managers can streamline the integration of scope changes, assess their implications, and
develop appropriate strategies to manage risks and maintain project success. Ethical considerations involve
transparency, fairness, and accountability in decision-making, stakeholder engagement, and resource allocation.
Ethical practices should prioritize clear communication between the ABHS Project Management Team and AAA
Company Limited, avoiding redundancy and ensuring all parties agree.

In conclusion, the validation and verification processes, effective change integration management, and ethical
practices are critical in addressing the challenges faced by the ABHS Project. The new project manager to be
appointed can identify and rectify issues early by implementing robust validation and verification processes,
reducing risks, and ensuring project success. Effective change integration management helps incorporate scope
changes, mitigating delays and cost overruns. Ethics are fundamental in maintaining transparency, fairness, and
accountability throughout the project, fostering better communication, stakeholder engagement, and resource
allocation. By adhering to these principles and implementing appropriate strategies, the ABHS Project can
overcome its previous setbacks and achieve its objectives efficiently and ethically.

17
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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A- SCOPE VALIDATION QUESTIONNAIRE TEMPLATE

20
21
22
APPENDIX B - SCOPE VALIDATION PROCESS

WORK BREAKDOWN MATRIX

WORKLOAD MATRIX FOR ABHS

TASK PERSON
Validation Phub
Verification Harinie
Ethics Teddy

23