Commonwealth games

Commonwealth Games

Prepared by : Nilesh kumar rana

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Table of content
TOPIC Front page Table of content Introduction History Tradition Edition Approved Sports Boycotts Source of Reference PAGES 1 2 3 4 5 6-7 89 10 10

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Introduction
The Commonwealth Games is a multinational, multi-sport event which features competitions involving thousands of elite athletes from members of the Commonwealth. Organised every four years, they are the third-largest multi-sport event in the world, after the Summer Olympic Games and the Asian. As well as many Olympic sports, the Games also include some sports that are played mainly in Commonwealth countries, such as lawn bowls, rugby sevens and netball. The Games are overseen by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF), which also controls the sporting programme and selects the host cities. The host city is selected from across the Commonwealth, with eighteen cities in seven countries having hosted it. The event was first held in 1930 under the title of the British Empire Games in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The event was renamed as the British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954, the British Commonwealth Games in 1970, and gained its current title in 1978. Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales. Australia has been the highest achieving team for ten games, England for seven and Canada for one.

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There are currently 54 members of the Commonwealth of Nations, and 71 teams participate in the Games. The MOTTO of Commonwealth Games is HUMANITY-EQUALITY and DESTINY. Headquater is in London,United Kingdom. The last edition was in 2006 in Melbourne, Australia. The recent games will be from 3 oct to 13 oct 2010 in Delhi, India. The next edition will be in 2014 will be held in Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland.

History
A sporting competition bringing together the members of the British Empire was first proposed by the Reverend Astley Cooper in 1891 when he wrote an article in The Times suggesting a "PanBritannic-Pan-Anglican Contest and Festival every four years as a means of increasing the goodwill and good understanding of the British Empire". In 1911, the Festival of the Empire was held in London to celebrate the coronation of King George V. As part of the festival an Inter-Empire Championships was held in which teams from Australia, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom competed in events such as boxing, wrestling, swimming and athletics. In 1928, Melville Marks Robinson of Canada was asked to organise the first ever British Empire Games. These were held in Hamilton, Canada two years later. The first Games were held in 1930 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The name changed to British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954, to British Commonwealth Games in 1970 and aassumed the current name of the Commonwealth Games in 1978.

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At the 1930 games, women competed in the swimming events only. From 1934, women also competed in some athletics events. The Empire Games flag was donated in 1931 by the British Empire Games Association of Canada. The year and location of subsequent games were added until the 1950 games. The name of the event was changed to the British Empire and Commonwealth Games and the flag was retired as a result.

Traditions
Queen's Baton Relay
The Queen's Baton Relay, similar to the Olympic Torch Relay, is a relay around the world held prior to the beginning of the Commonwealth Games. The Baton carries a message from the Head of the Commonwealth, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The Relay traditionally begins at Buckingham Palace in London as a part of the city's Commonwealth Day festivities. The Queen entrusts the baton to the first relay runner. At the Opening Ceremony of the Games, the final relay runner hands the baton back to the Queen or her representative, who reads the message aloud to officially open the Games.

Opening and closing ceremonies

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From 1930 until 1950, the parade of nations was led by a single flagbearer carrying the Union Flag. Since 1958, there has been a relay of athletes carrying a baton from Buckingham Palace to the Opening Ceremony. This baton has within it the Queen's message of greeting to the athletes. The baton's final bearer is usually a famous sporting personage of the host nation. All other nations march in English alphabetical order, except that the first nation marching in the Parade of Athletes is the host nation of the previous games, and the host nation of the current games marches last. In 2006 countries marched in alphabetical order in geographical regions. Three national flags fly from the stadium on the poles that are used for medal ceremonies: Previous host nation, Current host nation, Next host nation. The military is more active in the Opening Ceremony than in the Olympic Games. This is to honour the British Military traditions of the Old Empire

Editions
The first edition of the event was the 1930 British Empire Games and eleven nations took part. The quadrennial schedule of the games was interrupted by World War II and the 1942 Games (set to be held in Montreal, Canada) were abandoned. The games were continued in 1950 and underwent a name change four years later with the first British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954. Over 1000 athletes participated in the 1958 Games as over thirty teams took part for the first time.

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The event was briefly known as the British Commonwealth Games for the 1970 and 1974 editions and the 1978 Games, held in Edmonton, Canada, were the first to be held under the title of the "Commonwealth Games". The Edmonton event marked a new high as almost 1500 athletes from 46 countries took part. Participation at the 1986 Games was affected by a boycott by some African and Caribbean nations in protest to the participation of New Zealand, following the All Blacks Rugby tour of Apartheid era South Africa in 1985, but the Games rebounded and continued to grow thereafter. The 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia saw the sporting programme grow from 10 to 15 sports as team sports were allowed for the first time. Participation also reached new levels as over 3500 athletes represented 70 teams at the event. In the last Games (in Melbourne, Australia in 2006), over 4000 athletes took part in sporting competitions. The three nations to have hosted the games the most number of times are Australia (4), Canada (4), and New Zealand (3). Furthermore, five editions have taken place in the countries within the United Kingdom. Two cities have held the games on multiple occasions: Auckland (1950 and 1990), and Edinburgh (1970 and 1986).

List of Countries which have host Commonwealth Games till Date:

1930 1934 1938

11 16 15

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4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Auckland, New Zealand Vancouver, Canada Cardiff, United Kingdom Perth, Australia Jamaica, West Indies Edinburgh, United Kingdom Christchurch, New Zealand Edmonton, Canada Brisbane, Australia Edinburgh, United Kingdom Auckland, New Zealand Victoria, Canada Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Manchchester, United Kingdom Melbourne, Australia New Delhi, India 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 12 24 35 35 34 42 38 48 47 26 55 64 70 72 71 73

Approved sprots
There are a total of 31 sports (with two multi-disciplinary sports) and a further 7 para-sports which are approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation. They are categorised into three types. Core sports must be included on each programme. A number of optional sports may be picked by the host nation, which may include some team sports such as basketball. Recognised sports are sports which have been approved by the CGF but which are deemed to need expansion;
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host nations may not pick these sports for their programme until the CGF's requirements are fulfilled.
Sport Archery Athletics Badminton Basketball Billiards Boxing Canoeing Cycling Diving Fencing Golf Gymnastics (Artistic and Rhythmic) Handball Field Hockey Judo Lawn bowls Life saving Netball Optional Core Core Optional Recognised Core Recognised Optional Optional Recognised Recognised Type 1982, 2010 1930present 1966present 2006 Never 1930present 19491934present 1930present 19501970 Never Years

Optional

1978, 1990present

Recognised Core Optional Core Recognised Core

1930 1998present 1990, 2002, 2014 1930present (except 1966) Never 1998present

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Rowing Rugby sevens Sailing Shooting Softball Squash Swimming Synchronized swimming Table tennis Tennis Tenpin bowling Triathlon Volleyball Water polo Weightlifting Wrestling Recognised Core Recognised Optional Recognised Core Core Optional Optional Optional Recognised Optional Recognised Recognised Core Optional 1930, 193862, 1986 1998present Never 1966, 1974present Never 1998present 1930present 1986, 2006 2002present 2010 1998 2002, 2006, 2014 Never 1950 1950present 1930present (except 1990,1998 and 2006)

Boycotts
The Commonwealth Games has suffered from political boycotts over its history, largely associated with apartheid-era South Africa. Nigeria boycotted the 1978 Games in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with South Africa, while 32 of 59 nations from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean boycotted the 1986 Commonwealth Games due to the Thatcher government's attitude towards South

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African sporting contacts. Boycotts were also threatened in 1974, 1982, and 1990 because of South Africa.

SOURCES OF REFERENCES :
1) 2)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games http://www.onlinegk.com/sports/history-%20commonwealth-games.aspx

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