Batangas State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

ENGG 401 - INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

MODULE 3
ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

Dr. Elisa D. Gutierrrez

Engr. Janice F. Peralta
Engr. Danica Marie B. Mercado
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENGG 401 - INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING 1

Course Rationale and Description 1
Intended Learning Outcome 1
Criteria for Assessment 1
Supplemental Content 1

MODULE 3 - ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS 2

Introduction 2
Topic Outcomes 2
Lecture 2
The Engineering Design Process 2
Samples of Innovations (from Innovations in Football Equipment - Khan Academy) 4
Example of innovation: The football 4
Example of innovation: Gloves 5
Activities 5
Supplemental Content 5
References 6
ENGG 401 - INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

Course Rationale and Description

Introduction to Engineering is a course designed to teach students about the different

engineering fields and expose them to research opportunities, career possibilities, and
coursework that will challenge and engage them. Engineers must be problem solvers, creative
thinkers, and leaders in order to be successful in the profession. For this to happen, students
need to stay in engineering programs, be pleased with their choice of major, and develop
engineering identity. This introductory course provides a framework for the practice of
engineering. This framework is a broad outline of the tasks and responsibilities of an engineer,
and the use of disciplinary knowledge in executing those tasks. Further, this course aims to
stimulate students' interest and strengthen their motivation for, the field of engineering by
focusing on the application of relevant core engineering disciplines. The course also includes
personal and interpersonal skills knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are essential at the start of
a program to prepare students for a more advanced product, process, and system building
experiences.

Intended Learning Outcome

● ILO1 ​- Develop professional behavior and a code of ethics in areas like project
management, teamwork, and leadership.

● ILO2 ​- Demonstrate understanding in design thinking and engineering design

process to create effective problem statements, and design, build, test, and analyze
a simple prototype product that addresses realistic constraints and system
requirements while using basic project management techniques.

● ILO3 ​- Apply appropriate design process, prototyping, and modern engineering tools
in activity/project building.

Criteria for Assessment

Group Project (GP) 45%
Experiential Learning Activities (ELA) 25%
Self and Peer Assessment (SPA) 10%
Midterm Exam (ME) 20%

Supplemental Content
Course Information Syllabus (CIS)
Introduction to Engineering Website

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MODULE 3 - ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

Introduction

This module will discuss the series of steps that engineers use to guide them as they solve
problems called the engineering design process (EDP). This material will present and discuss
those steps in detail and provide the students the opportunity to see and apply innovative
solutions to challenges, understand open-ended problem solving and encourage student how to
learn from failure. This module also aims to inculcate to the students the attributes of an
engineer as a solution-seeker, a decision maker, an inventor and an innovator.

Topic Outcomes

1. Express the general components and procedures in engineering design.

2. Evaluate additional design considerations such as sustainability, economics and
material selection.
3. Apply the engineering design process in a specific projects/activities

Lecture

The Engineering Design Process

(as adopted form University of Colorado Boulder)

The​ engineering design process​ is a series of steps that guides engineering teams as we
solve problems. The design process is ​iterative​, meaning that we repeat the steps as many
times as needed, making improvements along the way as we ​learn from failure​ and uncover
new design possibilities to arrive at great solutions. Shown in ​Figure 1 is the steps in the
engineering design process.

EDP includes the following steps:

1. Ask: I​ dentify the Need & Constraints
2. Research​ the Problem
3. Imagine: Develop: ​Possible Solutions
4. Plan:​ Select a Promising Solution
5. Create:​ Build a Prototype
6. Test a ​ nd Evaluate Prototype
7. Improve: R ​ edesign as Needed

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 Figure 1​ - Steps in Engineering Design Process

1. Ask: Identify the Need & Constraints

Others call this as “define”, or to describe ​what is the problem, identify ​who has the problem
or need and specify the potential objective or as to ​why is it important to solve. The constraints
of the problem is essential to be identified too which includes the limitations, the project
requirements, and the goal.

2. Research the Problem

The next step is to find out the details about the problem and to do ​research. ​This includes
collecting information through interviews or random talking to people directly or indirectly related
to the problem, up to getting to know and investigating existing technologies, solutions or
products adaptable to the needs.

3. Imagine: Develop Possible Solutions

Brainstorm ideas. Be creative and build upon the ideas of others. This way you could
generate as many solutions as possible.​Encourage wild ideas and defer judgment. Stay focused
on the topic, and have one conversation at a time. Teamwork is important.

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 In the design thinking process, this step is similar to the ideate concept.

4. Plan: Select a Promising Solution

After brainstorming ideas and exploring into the possibilities, choose a solution. But before
deciding, revisit the needs(materials and tools) and constraints (consider environmental,
cultural, time, and financial issues), compare and weigh. After careful analysis on which
qualifies most of the requirements, select one solution and make a plan to move forward with it
starting with assigning team tasks.

5. Create: Build a Prototype

This concept is similar with that of the prototyping stage in the design thinking process. At
the end of each conceptualization is the goal to materialize the idea from sketch, to an operating
version of the solution. It could be made with different materials first than the final version, and
need not necessarily be fully polished. Prototypes are essential for a designer to test how the
solution will work and on what areas need revision.

6. Test and Evaluate Prototype

Test the prototype and evaluate if it works according to the need. Communicate the results
and get feedback. Look for what needs revision and improvement.

7. Improve: Redesign as Needed

Share results and continue to seek how your team could make the solution better.
Iterate your design to make the product the best it can be.
Iterate​ - to repeat an already completed task to incorporate new information

Samples of Innovations (from Innovations in Football Equipment - Khan Academy)

Example of innovation: The football

The first footballs were made of natural materials, such as an inflated pig bladder, which
was later put inside a leather cover. This is why some still call the football "pigskin". Today's
National Football League (NFL) footballs are made of cowhide leather. A inflated rubber bladder
is what is on the inside of the ball, which is then covered by several layers of leather stitched
together, then leather laces are added down one side of the ball to help with the grip of the ball.
Modern balls are designed by teams of engineers to exact specifications, with rubber or plastic
bladders, and often with plastic covers. They're oblong spheres, 11 to 11.5 inches (27.9 to 29.2
centimeters) long and weighing between 14 and 15 ounces (397 to 425 grams). A valve is on
the outside of the ball so you can pump air more easily into the ball's bladder.

Once players and coaches realized the yardage that could be gained by completing a
forward pass, teams began promoting the play. The passing game influenced design changes in
football. It evolved from a watermelon shape to a more aerodynamic ​prolate spheroid --
basically a watermelon shape with pointier ends. The laces, which originally were made just

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long enough to close the football after the bladder was inserted, became longer and more
pronounced to aid players in gripping the ball.

Example of innovation: Gloves

The inventor of the football glove was John Tate Riddell, and was invented in 1939. When
football gloves were first invented, they were used for cold weather and now they're mostly used
for grip and protection. Football gloves have now improved in durability, ​moisture wicking
(cloth that draws sweat off the skin to the outside of the fabric) capabilities, and in their ability to
stick a grab onto a football. Many receivers wear gloves that either have a sticky rubber palm,
called tact gloves, so they can have a better opportunity to catch a ball that is thrown by the
quarterback. Linemen also wear gloves for protection. Lineman's gloves have thick padding in
them to better protect their fingers and hands. In the past, it has been the practice to protect the
hands of many football players, particularly linemen, by taping the hands with conventional
adhesive tape, the tape runs across the back of the hand and across the palm. While this taping
does offer some protection against injuries, it is less than satisfactory for providing maximum
protection. With the invention of the glove, player’s hands have a maximum amount of
protection while at the same time providing maximum freedom of movement. Modern sporting
equipment engineers are making scientifically-based protective football gloves made out
durable, super-light compounds that absorb impact forces and improve grip.

As you can see, the outcome of this continual cycle of innovation in the engineering of
football equipment has driven research in material sciences and the use of stronger and more
durable football equipment materials. Engineering is not only changing the equipment, but also
changing the way the players and the game function.

Activities

ELA 3 - Car Design Challenge (Project Brief [​pdf​]​)

ELA 4 - Race Eat (​Project Brief [​pdf​]​)
Review Quiz 3 [​Google Forms​]

Supplemental Content

Comparing Engineering Design Process and the Scientific Method

https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/engineering-design-process/engineering-d
esign-compare-scientific-method

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References

The Engineering Design Process​. (n.d.). Science Buddies. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/engineering-design-process/engine
ering-design-process-steps
Engineering Design Process.​ (n.d.). Teach Engineering. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.teachengineering.org/design/designprocess
Innovations in football equipment.​ (n.d.). Khan Academy. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/49ers-steam/49ers-gridiron-eng/49ers-inn
ovations-equipment/a/innovations-in-football-equipment

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