“To be”

The verb be is used as an auxiliary verb and it can also be used as a main verb. The
verb be is irregular. It has eight different forms: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been. The
present simple and past simple tenses make more changes than those of other verbs.

I am late. We are late. I was late. We were late.

You are late. You are late. You were late. You were late.
He is late. They are late.
She was late. They were late
.
The present participle is being.
He is being very helpful these days.
The past participle is been.
We have been ready for an hour.
The present simple tense forms of be are often contracted in normal speech. Note that
the contracted form of they are is spelled they’re, and not their which is the possessive form
of they.

I’m here. We’re here.

You’re here. You’re here.

He’s here. They’re here.

Any form of be is made negative by adding not immediately after it. In speech, some
forms of be also have contracted negative forms. Some of these forms emphasize the
negative.

emphasizes the negative

I’m not late. I wasn’t late.

You aren’t late. You’re not late. You weren’t late.

He isn’t late. He’s not late. He wasn’t late.

We aren’t late. We’re not late. We weren’t late.

They aren’t late. They’re not late. They weren’t late.

I wasn’t late.
 The major uses of be as an auxiliary verb are to form continuous tenses and the
passive. Continuous tenses of main verbs use the appropriate form of be, present or past,
followed by the present participle (or -ing form). The passive form of a main verb uses the
appropriate form of be followed by the past participle. The verb be is also used as a main
verb. It is commonly found joining a subject to its complement. As a main verb, be is used to
talk about:
Feelings and states. For this we use the simple tenses of the verb with a suitable adjective.
I am delighted with the news but he is not happy.

She was busy so she was not able to see me.

People’s behaviour. For this we use the continuous tenses of the verb with a suitable
adjective.
I am not being slow, I am being careful.

You were being very rude to your mum when I came downstairs.

Be + the to infinitive is sometimes used to refer to future time. This is a rather formal
use, which often appears in news reports.
The Prime Minister is to visit Hungary in October.

The Archbishop is to have talks with the Pope next month.

It + be: we use it as a subject when we are talking about time, distance, weather, or
cost. In this use, be is always singular.
Hurry up, it’s eight thirty!

Is it? I didn’t know it was so late.

It’s thirty miles to Glasgow.Come and visit us.

It’s not very far.

It’s cold today but it isn’t wet.

It’s very expensive to live in London.

 There + is/are is used to talk about something existing. In this use, the form
that be takes may be singular or plural, depending on the number of the noun, and be is
sometimes contracted.
There’s a spare toothbrush in the cupboard.

There was a cold wind blowing.

There isn’t enough petrol for the journey.

There are several petrol stations on the way, aren’t there?

To make the continuous tenses of the main verb be we have to use be twice, once as an
auxiliary and once as a main verb.
You are being so annoying!

I know I am being silly, but I am frightened.

The question form of clauses with the verb be in them is made by putting the
appropriate form of be right in front of the subject.
Are you better now?

Is he free this morning?

Was he cooking dinner when you arrived?

 “This” and That”,"These" and "Those"

A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that represents a noun and expresses its

position as near or far (including in time). The demonstrative pronouns are "this," "that,"
"these," and "those."

Easy Examples of Demonstrative Pronouns

 This is ludicrous.
 Is that yours?
 Eat these tonight.
 Throw those away.
Like all pronouns, demonstrative pronouns replace nouns or noun phrases. More
specifically, a demonstrative pronoun stands in for something that has been previously
mentioned or is understood from context (called its antecedent).
 Do you remember the lobster with the blue claw? Can I have that please?
(Here, "that" stands in for something previously mentioned. The antecedent of "that"
is the noun phrase "the lobster with the blue claw.")
 This is delicious.
(Here, the context tells us what "this" represents. The antecedent of "this" is "lobster"
or "meal.")
 Do you remember the two lobsters holding claws? Can I have those please?
(The antecedent of "those" is shown in bold.)
 These are delicious.
(Remember that, with demonstrative pronouns, the antecedent does not always
appear in nearby text. The antecedent is often understood from the context of the
speaker's surroundings.)
The singular demonstrative pronouns "this" and "that" stand in for singular things (e.g.,
"the lobster with the blue claw"). The plural demonstrative pronouns "these" and "those"
stand in for plural things (e.g., "the two lobsters holding claws").
 As well as telling us whether its antecedent is singular or plural, a demonstrative
pronoun also tell us whether its antecedent is near or distant. "That" and "those" stand in for
distant things (e.g., "the lobsters in the tank"). "This" and "these" stand in for near things
(e.g., "the lobsters on the plate").

 Paint this but not that. Remove these but not those.
(Demonstrative pronouns are pretty efficient. They tell us what, how many, and
where. These two short sentences convey the following information: "Paint the
nearby wall I'm pointing to but not the distant wall I'm pointing to. Remove the
picture hooks I'm pointing to but not those distant picture hooks I'm pointing to.")
Remember that demonstrative pronouns stand in for things. (Typically, they stand in for
a noun phrase or a previously expressed idea.) Demonstrative pronouns do not modify
nouns.
When "this," "that," "these," and "those" modify nouns, they are
demonstrative determiners (called demonstrative adjectives in traditional grammar). In the
four examples below, we have demonstrative determiners modifying nouns (shown in bold).
In the first four examples above, the demonstrative pronouns stood in for these nouns.
 This idea is ludicrous.
 Is that bike yours?
 Eat these crumpets tonight.
 Throw those rolls away.
Typically, the antecedent of a demonstrative pronoun is close by in the previous text. In
these two examples, the links to the antecedents (shown in bold) are not ambiguous.
 My court case isn't a trial. This is a lynching. (Pathologist Jack Kevorkian)
 Liberty means responsibility. That is why most men dread it. (Playwright George
Bernard Shaw)
(The whole previous sentence, i.e., the idea, is the antecedent of "That.")
You must ensure your demonstrative pronoun's antecedent is clear. Let's imagine George
Bernard Shaw had written this instead:
 Liberty means responsibility. That is what most men dread.
 (Is the antecedent of "that" the whole idea as before? It's now less clear because the
antecedent could be liberty or responsibility.)
Here are some more examples with ambiguous antecedents:
 Expect a Spanish policeman to check you have a reflective jacket, a warning
triangle, headlamp beam deflectors, a GB sticker, and a spare set of headlamp bulbs,
although these are no longer compulsory.
(Now, it's pretty clear that the antecedent of "these" is "a spare set of headlamp
bulbs," but it could feasibly be the whole list.)
 The next intake of recruits will receive four presentations on the new
procedures. These are scheduled to start in mid-August.
(The antecedent of "these" is ambiguous. It could be "the recruits," "the
presentations," or "the procedures.")
Such ambiguity occurs because a writer knows what the antecedent is and assumes
others will spot it with the same clarity of thought. (Unfortunately though, that clarity of
thought doesn't always shine through the words.) The issue most often occurs when a
writer has expressed a multi-component idea and then starts a sentence with a term like
"This means…," "This explains…," or "This is why…." If you find yourself starting a
sentence with a demonstrative pronoun, ask yourself a question like "What means…,"
"What explains…," or "What is why…." If the answer doesn't leap out at you, you
should consider a rewrite or a demonstrative determiner and a noun to spell it out more
clearly.
 “Have Got”
Is have got acceptable English grammar? When can you use have or have got in
English? In this post, I answer these questions and more! I explain when you can
use have or have got, the correct form of have got (hint: “Does she have got?” is NOT the
correct question form!), and also when you can’t use have got! In spoken and informal
written English, have got can be used instead of have in four situations. You can use have
got to talk about …

1. Things we own or possess

We have a house in Vancouver.

We’ve got a house in Vancouver.

She doesn’t have any money.

She hasn’t got any money.

He has a new car!

He’s got a new car!

Do you have a minute?

Have you got a minute?

I don’t have time right now.

I haven’t got time right now.

I have an idea!
I’ve got an idea!

2. Family and relationships

I have a new boyfriend.

I’ve got a new boyfriend.

Mike doesn’t have any brothers.

Mike hasn’t got any brothers.
Do you have any children?
Have you got any children?

3. People and physical characteristics

Carol has brown eyes.

Carol’s got brown eyes.

He doesn’t have blond hair.

He hasn’t got blond hair.

Does your sister have long hair?

Has your sister got long hair?

4. Illness or saying that you don’t feel well

I have a bad cold.

I’ve got a bad cold.

She doesn’t have a headache anymore.

She hasn’t got a headache anymore.

Do you have the flu?

Have you got the flu?

NOTES:

a. Have got CANNOT be used for any other use of have (for example, talking about actions
and experiences):

I usually have dinner at 18:00.

NOT: I usually have got dinner at 18:00

b. Have got is ONLY used in the present simple tense. It CANNOT be used in any other
tense:

I had a bad cold last week.

NOT: I had got a bad cold last week.

c.Continuous / progressive forms are NOT possible with these meanings of have and have
got.

d.Have got has NOTHING to do with get. It is NOT the present perfect form of get. [In
North American English, have gotten is the present perfect of get.]
e.Sometimes the have is left out of have got in SPOKEN English (it is not acceptable to
leave out have in written English).
Here are some examples:

Got Milk?
This is a popular advertising campaign for milk in North America. It should be “Have you
got milk?

Got a minute?
In English a minute is often used to mean a short amount of time. People often say: “Got a
minute?” which is short for “Do you have a minute?” or “Have you got a minute?”

I Gotta Feeling
This is the title of a song by the Black Eyed Peas. It should actually be ‘I have got a
feeling.’ Gotta is not a proper English word. It is what native speakers sometimes SAY
instead of ‘got a’ or ‘got to.’
 About sport-footbal

The football, also known as soccer, is one of the most popular sports worldwide. The
history of football can be traced back to England at the end of the 19th century. Game
development is carried out on a rectangular field of grass, in which a target is located at each
end of the field. Discover everything you should know about this sport, what are its basic
rules and what are the benefits it brings, among which teamwork stands out.

The basic rules of this sports football consist of introducing with the foot or the head
the ball in a goal, which is known as goal. In the game a total of 11 players participate in
each of the two teams that face each other.

The winning team is the one that at the end of the game obtains a greater number of
goals in favor. By regulation, a professional football match is composed of two times of 45
minutes each. The 11 players that make up a football team are divided into the following
positions: the goalkeeper (since he occupies only one player), the defenders, the flyers and
the forwards. However, some of these rules may vary depending on the soccer modality in
question.

Football, besides being an entertaining activity, is also a sport that offers innumerable
benefits . The first is that it is present everywhere, which makes it possible to practice at any
time. Likewise, it stimulates the character and motivation of the person, accustoming it to
group work, to maintain the competitive spirit .

On a physical level, soccer is an excellent way to lose calories and tone up the muscles
of the legs and abs. Similarly, recent studies have indicated that the practice of this sport
gives us greater cardiovascular benefits than jogging on a daily basis. Those who practice
this sport constantly will have the advantage of being able to maintain a regular control of
their weight, as well as eliminate the accumulation of fat in the back and buttocks.

It should be noted that the practice of football has a professional level must be subject
to a prior physical assessment, because it is a highly demanding sport.
 As in other sports, choosing a correct outfit before football training will be important
so that the player can expose their physical capabilities to the maximum, without risking
their health. Going from top to bottom, it should be noted that shirts should be loose and of
light material, with the number of the player stamped on the back for easy recognition.

The pants to use are short and are made of lightweight nylon or polyester. It is
preferable that they are waterproof. As for the stockings, these should be high enough to
cover the shin guards. The most recommended material is cotton, to prevent blisters.
Regarding the footwear, always known as chimpunes, which are characterized by having a
better stability on the grass and avoid injuries to the ankles. The implements of Protective,
such as shin guards and suspenders.

Footballers, both amateur and professional, know very well how important
coordination exercises are for soccer practice. Therefore, having a good personal soccer
coach should develop a physical preparation stage in different ways. One of the most
common is running with the arms extended horizontally, touching the heels with your hands.
Also, the so-called jogging without brace is frequent, which consists of jogging by lifting the
knees and interlacing the hands behind the back.

There are exercises with jumps, such as the cap, where players jog while jumping with
each movement. A slightly more complex exercise is the deltas, which involves moving the
legs quickly around a rod, without touching it. Sometimes the rod is replaced by a soccer
ball. Finally, we have the front pass, whose purpose is for the player to run through the
middle of aligned rings, without hitting them.

If you have always been passionate about sport and would like to work in this area,
why not dedicate yourself to sports coaching? Maybe the time has come to leave your job
and start a new professional path. When you enter the world of professional sports, your
hobby can become a real way to earn money, be successful, and also live passionate about
what you do.But what is a sports coach? This is a professional who is responsible for guiding
and being with the professional athlete at every step of his career, making sure that his result
and emotional state is optimal for success. Lately, this work has become more popular given
the new importance that the emotional health of athletes has taken.
 A famous family

From Hollywood veterans who turned their kids into stars, to producer/directors who
endowed their families with every conceivable talent, some of these families have managed
to improve their legacies generation after generation. We take a look at some of the most key
and famous families in Hollywood history.

1. The Warner Brothers

The Warner Bros – Harry, Albert, Sam and Jack – built one of the first major
Hollywood studios. According to Vanity Fair, as one of the Big Eight studios during
Hollywood’s Golden Age, it made stars out of its contract actors, employing legendary
names like Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart and Errol Flynn. Under the various brothers’
oversight through the years, they produced classics like Casablanca (1942), A Streetcar
Named Desire (1951), My Fair Lady (1964) and Bonnie And Clyde (1967). Wealth
Record reports that to date the net worth of Warner Bros is around $5 billion (about R72
billion).

2. The Kardashian clan

Kris Jenner and Robert Kardashian were best friends with OJ and Nicole Simpson
back in the day and gained fame during Simpson's controversial murder trial. However, it
wasn't until their daughter Kim's sex tape was leaked in 2003 that the Kardashian family shot
to fame.

With their reality TV show Keeping Up With The Kardashians and with make-up and
clothing lines and modelling, the family were cemented as one of the wealthiest in
Hollywood. Each member of the Kardashian and Jenner clans rank as among the most
famous in the world, raking in billions every year. The youngest, make-up mogul Kylie
Jenner (21), recently tied with Jay-Z (49) as Forbes' fifth wealthiest American celebrity for
2018.

3. Angelina Jolie & Brad Pitt

 Even with a rather nasty divorce battle under way, Angelina and Brad have quite a
family. Together they have six children, three of them adopted – Maddox, Pax and Zahara –
and three biological children – Shiloh, Knox, and Vivienne. Brad Pitt has an estimated net
worth of $240 million (R3,48 billion), according to Hello Magazine, while Angelina’s is
$160 million (R2,3 billion).

4. The Smiths

Will Smith, star of The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, made the leap, unheard of in the mid-
1990s, from sitcom stardom to blockbuster status. And according to Vanity Fair, in the
process he set a record – in 2008 he became the only actor in history to boast eight
consecutive films that grossed over $100 million (then R680 million) in the domestic box
office.

In 1997 Will married Jada Pinkett, who is a star of over 30 films, including 2017’s
Girls Trip. The two also turned their children, Jaden and Willow, into successful celebrities.
They began their careers starring in films alongside their parents. The Smiths co-produced
Jaden’s breakout hit, a 2010 remake of The Karate Kid, and after Willow’s debut single
Whip My Hair went platinum in 2010, she became the youngest artist signed to Jay-Z’s
record label. Both teens continue to work as actors and musicians and usually make
headlines through their social media presences and rather revealing interviews.

5. The Gibsons

Before he became famous Mel Gibson married Robyn Denise Moore and together
they have seven children, named Hannah, Edward, Christian, William, Louis, Milo and
Thomas. After 31 years of marriage the couple divorced in 2006. Mel was forced to hand
more than half of his estimated $850 million (then R5,9 billion) fortune to his ex-wife,
reports Daily Mail.

He later started seeing Russian pianist Oksana Grigorieva in 2007. They have a
daughter named Lucia. Now Mel is in a relationship with screenwriter Rosalind Ross and in
January 2017 they welcomed a son, Lars Gerard Gibson. Overall, that makes nine children
for Mel.
6. The Wayans

The Wayans family is one of Hollywood’s largest and most successful comedic
dynasties on both TV and film. They often collaborate on projects! The first generation of
siblings – Keenan, Damon, Kim, Shawn, Marlon, Dwayne, Nadia, Elvira, Diedre and Vonnie
– have produced, directed, written and starred in dozens of films and TV shows and boast a
combined net worth more than $100 million (R1,45 billion), reports Vanity Fair.

7. The Baldwins

The Baldwin family is Hollywood royalty. The four Baldwin brothers – Alec, Daniel,
William and Stephen – are well-known film and television stars. Eldest brother Alec
Baldwin has enjoyed the most mainstream success, earning an Oscar nomination for The
Cooler, plus two Emmys, three Golden Globes and seven SAG Awards for his role on
NBC’s 30 Rock.

According to Suggest, Daniel, William and Stephen were all discovered by Oliver
Stone, who cast them in his 1989 film Born On The Fourth Of July. They have since gone on
to appear in almost 300 films and TV shows.

The brothers have produced a crop of famous daughters: Alec’s daughter Ireland,
Stephen’s daughters Hailey and Alaia and William’s daughter Jameson are poised to create a
dynasty in another industry – all but the latter have signed major modelling contracts.
 My specialty is logistics

My speciality is logistics and supply chain management. After graduation from the
university I’m going to work as a logistics manager. I’d like to highlight some points about
my speciality. First of all, I would like to say that the collection of materials and distribution
of goods is now a global industry. Thus, delivering products to the right place at the right
time with minimal waste is critical for business. That’s why logistics management is needed
in all companies nowadays.

Main components of logistics are purchasing, inventory control, warehousing,

transportation, packaging, material handling, loading, and shipment. Currently, there are
various types of logistics, I’ll name only some of them. Let’s take, for example, bulk
logistics. It concerns the handling of large quantities of raw materials. Project logistics deals
with the design of complex systems such as major public works and infrastructures. There is
also Ram logistics, which is essential for the management of high technology products.
Reverse logistics includes all operations needed to restore value to those products that have
completed their life cycle.

Then, I’d like to speak about the actual job of a logistics manager, that is his or her
responsibilities and role in the organization. Logistics managers handle processes of a supply
chain. They liaise with parties like suppliers of raw materials, manufacturers, retailers, and
consumers. Logistics managers must coordinate processes to ensure customer satisfaction.
Speaking about typical work activities of a logistics manager, they usually include
monitoring the quality, cost, movement and storage of goods as well as coordinating the
order cycle and solving logistical problems. As for the skills needed in this sphere of work, I
believe skills of communicating and negotiating are highly important as well as the ability to
work under stress. You also must be aware of many business and law points about transport
legislation, fuel costs, environmental pressures and many others. Thus, to be a good logistics
manager means to follow recent trends in IT-technologies concerning logistics and to act
efficiently in a rapidly changing world of global commerce, trade and transportation. A
logistic centre is an essential part of transportation infrastructure. It is a centre in a defined
area within which all logistics activities are carried out by various operators on a commercial
basis.

Actually, logistics activities are related to transport, logistics and the distribution of
goods both for national and international transit. The operators can either be owners or
tenants of buildings and facilities. Logistics centers are generally located close to airports,
major highway intersections and railway hubs or ports. Any logistics centre must render the
full range of logistics services. It provides access to different shipment modes, performs
broad logistic functions and serves a wide range of users. Also, a logistics center presents
information technology solutions and offers value added services. That’s why a logistics
center usually includes a storage area, intermodal terminals, an administration area, a service
area, a utility area, an exhibition and sale area, etc. This all is necessary to organize the full
complex of transport services. Besides, logistics centres automate the process of cargo flow
control and arrange other cargo transportation services. Centres encourage economic
development as well as increase traffic. They coordinate work of different transport modes
and focus international flows through a country. To sum up, logistics centres provide
storage, transport, distribution, assembly, direct shipment, cargo consolidation, sorting,
break-bulk, delivery, package tracking, and e-commerce services.

The main task of a logistics center is to coordinate storage and transport services. One
of the primary goals of any logistics centers is to encourage intermodal transport for the
handling of goods. Therefore, a logistics centre should preferably be served by a variety of
transport modes (road, rail, deep sea, inland waterway, air). Finally, a logistics centre must
comply with European standards and quality performance to provide the framework for
commercial and sustainable transport solutions. Logistics centres promise benefits to a
logistics network in terms of economies of scale, advanced technological systems, and merits
of pooling tactics. As companies are looking for ways to reduce lead time, delivery
uncertainty and logistics costs, the need for logistics centres is increasing.Creation of
logistics centers helps in economic development of cities and regions. These business units
guarantee synchronized flow of products and efficiency of road usage. Wrong localization of
logistics centers causes opposite results such as difficulties in city traffic flow and quick
destroy of roads because of heavy transport.