CHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS

QUADRATIC EQUATION AND EXPRESSION

Q.1. Show that the equation x4 + 5x2 − 5 = 0 has exactly two real roots.
Q.2. If the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are reciprocals of those of equations
lx2 + mx + n = 0 then prove that a : b : c = n : m : l .
where a, b, c, n, l, m are all non zero.
Q.3. If the roots of an equation be such that their sum is 2 and sum of their cubes be 98, then find
the equation.
Q.4. Find the value of a for which the inequation x2 + ax + a2 + 6a < 0 is satisfied  x  (1, 2).
Q.5. If  and  be the roots of the equation x 2  a  x  1  b  0, then prove that
1 1 2
2
 2
 0 .
  a   a ab
Q.6. Let D, be the discriminant and  and  be the root of the equation ax2 + bx + c and D2 be the
discriminant and ,  be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0. If , , ,  are in A.P. prove
that D1 : D2 = a2 : p2.
Q.7. Find the quadratic equation whose roots are ,  where 2 +  2 = 5, 3 (5 +  5) = 11 (3 +  3)
(assume ,   R).
Q.8. Solve for x, x  R.
144|x|  2  12|x| + a = 0.

Q.9. Let A, B, C be 3 angles such that A = and tan B tan C = p, find all possible values of p
4
such that A, B, C are the angle of triangle.
Q.10. Show that the equation
(1 − m + m2)2 (1 + x − x2)2 = {(1 + x)2 − x4} {(1 − m)2 − m4}  m  R, has all real roots.
1 1
Q.11. If    be the roots of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 prove that  will be the roots of
 
the equation (p2 − 4q) (p2x2 + 4px) = 16pq.
Q.12. If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 and 1, −  are the roots of a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0 then
x2 1
show that , 1 are the roots of x = 0.
 b   b1   b   b1 
        
 a   a1   c   c1 
Q.13. If the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 are real and differ by a quantity which is less than
a2  c 2 a2
c (c > 0), then prove b lies between and .
4 4

Q.14. Prove that for any value of ‘a’ the inequality

(a2 + 3)x2 + (a+2)x −4 < 2 is true for at least one negative x.

Q.15. If ,  are two of the solutions of the equation psin2 + (q − 1)cos2 + q + 1= 0, prove
sin2( + ) + p sin( + ) cos( + ) + q cos2( + ) = q.

Q.16. Find the value of ‘a’ for which (6 – a)x – ax2 – 2 > 0 for at least one positive real x.

Q.17. Find the values of  and , 0 < ,  < , satisfying the equation
2
1
cos  cos  cos ( + ) = – .
8

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Chapter Practice ProblemsQEE2

Q.18. If the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are complex then prove that
16a2 + c2 > 2b2.

Q.19. For what values of m will the expression y2 + 2xy + 2x + my – 3 be capable of resolution into
two rational factors.

Q.20. Let  + i; ,   R, be a roots of the equation x3 + qx + r = 0; q, r,  R. Find a real cubic

equation independent of  and , whose one root is 2.

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 Chapter Practice ProblemsQEE3

SOLUTION
1. x4 + 5x2 − 5 = 0  Le x2 = t
Given equation is t2 + 5t − 5 = 0
Coefficient of t2 > 0 and f(0) < 0  One root is positive and one root is negative.
 One value of x2 is positive and one is negative
 Two values of x are real and two values of x are complex.
2. lx2 + mx + n = 0
roots are , ; ax2 + bx + c = 0
1 1 m n 1 1 b m l b m b 1 c
roots are , ;  +  = , = ;  =− ;    ;  ; 
  l l   a l n a n a  a
l c
 ;a:b=n:m a:c=n:l a:b:c=n:m:l
h a
3. Let the roots be  and  ;  +  = 2 (sum) ; 3 + 3 = 98; ( + ) (2 +  2  ) = 98
2 ( + )2  3) = 98;  3 = 49  4;  = 15 (product)  equation is x2  2x  15 = 0.

4. Graph for the given situation will be as follows from graph we

can see that required condition should be f (1)  0 and
f(2)  0
f (x) = x2 + ax + a2 + 6a  a2 + 7a + 1  0 and a2 + 8a + 4  0
   7  45     
 a       a    7  45    0 1 2
  2    2 
     
and (a – (4 – 2 3 )) (a + (- 4 + 2 3 ))  0

  7  45  7  45 
By sign scheme a  ,  , and a  [-4 –2 3 , -4 + 2 3 ]
 2 2 
  7  45 
Combing we get a   , 4  2 3 
 2 
b c q r
6.  +  = − ,  =   +  = − ,  =  Now  −  =  − 
a a p p
b 2 4c pq2 4r b2  4ac q2  4pr D1 a 2
( + )2 − 4 = ( + )2 − 4        
a2 a p2 p a2 p2 D2 p2
therefore D1 : D2 = a2 : p2.
5  5 11 ( 3  3 )(  2   2 )   2 2 (    ) 11 5   2 2 (  ) 11
7. 3 3
  3 3
  2 2

  3   3 (  )(     ) 3
4  2 2 4  256 4  16 10
  or 32 2 + 4  20 = 0   =    = , 2
3 5   6 6 3
5
2 +  2 = ( + )2  2  ( +  2) = 5 + 2 = or 9
3
 ( + )2 = 9 when  = 2 as (,   R)
  +  =  3  Equation is x2  3x + 2 = 0.

8. Putting y = 12|x| getting

y2  2y + a = 0 … (1)
It should be noted at this stage that y = 12|x| > 1, if x  0 = 1 if x = 0

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Chapter Practice ProblemsQEE4

1
For real y, 4  4a  0, a  1 (As x  TR) . From (1), y =
2
 
2  4  4a  1  1  a

y=1 1  a < 1 so this value is invalid ; y = 1 + 1  a  1 for all a  1

|x|
so 12 = 1 + 1  a or log 12|x| = log (1 + 1  a )
log(1  1  a )
 |x| =  x =  log12 (1 + 1  a ) for a  1 and has no solution for a > 1.
log12

 3 tanB  tan C
9. A+B+C= B+C=  ; tan (B + C) =  1 ;  1
4 4 1  tanB tanC
3
tan B + tan C =  1 (1  tan B tan C)  tan B + tan C = p  1. Now, since B + C =
4
3  3  1  tanB
C=  B  tan B + tan   B  = p  1  tan B +  p 1
4  4  1  tanB
 tan2 B  tan B (p  1) + p = 0 Since tan B holds all real values
 (p  1)2  4p  0 ; p2  6p + 1  0 ; (p  (3  2 2 )) (p  (3 + 2 2 ))  0
p32 2,p3+2 2.
10. (1 − m + m2)2 (1 + x − x2)2 = (1 − m + m2) (1 − m + m2) (1 + x − x 2) (1 + x − x 2)
(1 − m + m2) (1 + x − x2) { (1 − m + m2) (1 + x − x2) − (1 − m + m2) (1 + x − x 2)} = 0
 1 + x − x 2 = 0 or (1 − m + m2) (1 + x − x 2) = (1 − m − m2) (1 + x + x2)
D > 0 for 1 + x − x 2 = 0  both roots are real
(1 − m + m2) (1 + x − x2) = (1 − m − m2) (1 + x + x2) clearly x = −m is one root
 Other roots will also be real.
p
11.  +  +  −  = −p   = − … (1)
2
p 2  4q
2 −  = q   = (from (1)) … (2)
4
Equation p2x2(p2 − 4q) + 4px(p2 − 4q) − 16q = 0
1 1 1 1 2 4
Sum =    = = −  sum of roots (for equation (2))
     p
p 2  4q p 2
2 2 2 
 1   1
Product =      =

= 4 4 = 9  16 16q
 2 2
  
2
 2 2
p  p  4q 
 
2 2
1 p p  4q p p  4q    

4  4  
1 1
= product of roots of equation. This means  are roots of (p2 − 4q)(p2x2 + 4pq) = 16q.
 
12. ax2 + bx + c = 0 .....(1)
a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0 ….(2)
b
+=− , ….(3)
a
c
 = ….(4)
a
b
1 −  = − 1 , ….(5)
a1
c
−1 = 1 ….(6)
a1

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 Chapter Practice ProblemsQEE5

b b 
(3) + (4)   + 1 = −   1  . Dividing (3) by (4),
 a a1 
1 1 b
  ….(7)
  c
Dividing (5) by (6),
1 1 b 
   1  …(8)
1   c1 
1 1  b b1    1 b b 
(7) + (8),           1 
 1  c c 1  1  c c1 
Equation whose roots are  and 1 is x2 − ( + 1) x + 1 = 0
x2 1 x2 1
or x 0  x = 0.
   1     1  b  b1   b   b1 
         
 a   a1   c   c1 
2
13. Since the roots are real and distinct D > 0   a – 4b > 0
a2
b< ... (1)
4
Since ,  differ by a quantity less than c  distance between ,  is less than c
|  | < c  (  )2 < c2  ( + )2  4 < c2. Since ( + ) = a and  = b
a2  4b < c2
a2  c 2
 <b … (2)
4
a2  c 2 a2
From (1) and (2), <b< .
4 4
14. Let f(x) = (a + 3) x + (a + 2)x – 6. First of all  > 0  (a + 2)2 + 24(a2 + 3) > 0
2 2

i.e. for all values of a roots are real and distinct. The graph of the function is concave
upwards so f(x) < 0 only between the roots of the equation.
6
Product of the roots of f(x) = 0 is − < 0 for all values of a, i.e. roots are always of
2
a 3
opposite signs.
So f(x) < 0 is satisfied for all negative values of x between the negative root and zero
irrespective of value of a. Hence f(x) < 0, for at least one negative x, for all real values of a.

2 tan  1  tan 2 
15. The given equation is transformed to p 2
 q  1  q1 0
1  tan  1  tan 2 
 tan2 + ptan + q= 0  tan + tan = − p , tan tan = q
tan   tan  p
 tan( +) = 
1  tan  tan  1  q
Hence, sin2( +) + p sin( + )cos( + ) + q cos2( + )
1 1  p2 p2 
=  
tan 2      p tan     q = q + 1  q. 
   q.
1  q 
1  tan    
2
p 2
 1  q
2
1
1  q2
16. (6 – a)x – ax2 – 2 > 0  f (x) = ax2 + (a – 6)x + 2 < 0
Case I: a < 0
f(x) < 0 for all x except the values lying between the roots. But the interval between the roots
cannot cover all the positive real numbers.
Hence f(x) will be negative for atleast one positive real x.
Case II: a > 0

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Chapter Practice ProblemsQEE6

f(x) <0 for the values of x lying between the roots  D > 0  (a – 6)2 – 8a > 0
 (a – 2)(a – 18) > 0  a < 2 or a > 18
y y y

x x x
O O O

Possible conditions are shown in figure.

Condition is that both roots must not be non–positive.
For both the roots to be non–positive –(a – 6)  0, 2a  0  a  6
 Required condition is a < 6
Case III: a = 0
f(x) < 0 for at least one positive real x is satisfied. Resultant Answer: a  (–, 2)
1
17. Given equation is 2cos  cos  cos ( + ) = –
4
 4[cos ( + ) + cos ( –)] cos ( + ) + 1 = 0
 4 cos2 ( + ) + 4 cos ( –) cos ( + ) + 1 = 0
cos ( + ) is real  16 cos2 ( –) –16  0  cos2 ( –) = 1   – = 0   = 
1 
Then cos 2 = –   =  = .
2 3
18. Given that ax2 + bx + c = 0 has complex roots
i.e. b2 – 4ac < 0 ….(1)
and we know that
(4a – c)2  0
 16a2 + c2 – 8ac  0
 16a2 + c2  8ac
and 8ac > 2b2 {from (1)}
 16a2 + c2 > 2b2.
19. Let y2 + y(2x + m) + 2x – 3 be a quadratic in y then to resolve it into two rational factors
discriminant should be a perfect square
D = (2x + m)2 – 4(2x – 3)
= 4x2 + m2 + 4mx – 8x + 12
2 2
 2 m  2 m2  12   m  2 m2  12  m  2 
= 4  x  2x   = x     
 2 4   2  4  2 
2
m2  12  m  2 
For D to be a perfect square   =0
4  2 
 m = –2

20. Clearly  –i is also a root of the given equation.

Let   R be the third root, then  + i +  – i +  = 0   = –2
Since, the required equation must have one root 2, replacing x by –x, the required equation
is –x3 – qx + r = 0 i.e. x3 + qx – r = 0.

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