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Capacitor 323

15 Capacitor
QUICK LOOK q1 + q2 C V + C2V2
V = = 1 1
C1 + C 2 C1 + C2
Capacitance
Ratio of charges after sharing (i.e., after connection)
We know that charge given to a conductor increases it’s
q1 C1
potential i.e., Q ∝ V ⇒ Q = CV =
q2 C 2
Where C is a proportionality constant, called capacity or
C1C2
capacitance of conductor. Hence capacitance is the ability of
Energy loss during sharing ∆U = (V1 − V2 )2
2 ( C1 + C2 )
conductor to hold the charge.
Q
In n small charged drops each of charge q. potential υ
Capacitance C = capacitance c and surface energy u; coalesce to form a
V
Coulomb single big drop, then charge on big drop Q = nq Capacitance
Unit and Dimensional Formula: S.I. unit is = Farad (F)
Volt C = n1/ 3 , potential V = n 2 / 3 , surface energy U = n5/ 3u.
Smaller S.I. units are mF, µF, nF and pF ( 1mF = 10−3 F ,
Parallel Plate Capacitor: Capacitance of a parallel plate
µ F = 10 −6 F , 1nF = 10 −9 F , 1 pF = 1µµ F = 10 −12 F ) 1
capacitor, C ∝ A and C ∝ . If a parallel plate capacitor is
C.G.S. unit is Stat Farad 1F = 9 × 1011 Stat Farad . . d
Dimension: [C ] = [ M −1 L−2T 4 A2 ]. . charged by a battery to a charge Q, and the charging battery is
disconnected, then the charge (Q) on capacitor remains constant
Capacitance of earth is 711 µF = 711 × 10–6 F. Capacitance of a though its capacitance is changed by introducing dielectric or
conductor/capacitor increases due to presence of neighbouring altering the distance between the plates. A dielectric is
conductors. Energy stored in a capacitor lies in the medium introduced in the space between the plates of a parallel plate
between the plates. A capacitor is a device that stores electric capacitor, its capacitance increases.
energy. or A capacitor is a pair of two conductors of any shape, ε0 A
Capacitance C = (for air as dielectric)
which are close to each other and have equal and opposite d
charge. Kε0 A
C= (for medium as dielectric)
Energy of a Charged Conductor: When a conductor is d
A A
charged it’s potential increases from 0 to V as shown in the C = ε0 C =ε
d d
graph; and work is done against repulsion, between charge Area A Area A Dielectric
stored in the conductor and charge coming from the source (Insulator
-Q +Q
(battery). This work is stored as “electrostatic potential energy” +
ε0
V εε

d d

V V
Figure: 15.2
Q
Figure: 15.1 Potential vs. Charge When space between plates is partly filled with medium
(dielectric constant K, thickness t) Dielectrics are insulating
1 Q2 1

Energy of a charged conductor U = CV 2 = = QV (non-conducting) materials which transmits electric effect
2 2C 2 without conducting.

Capacitance of an isolated sphere C = 4πε 0 r ε0 A
C=

Sharing of charges: when two charged conductors are  1
d − t 1 − 
connected by a conducting wire, common potential  K
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324 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

Potential difference
Q Q
Between the spheres is V = −
4πε 0 a 4πε 0 b
Conductor
ab
Capacitance: C = 4πε 0 . .
b−a

Conductor (Metal foil)

In the presence of dielectric medium (dielectric constant K)
Dielectric (Plastic sheet)
ab
Figure: 15.3 between the spheres C ' = 4πε 0 K . If outer sphere is given
b−a

If a number of dielectric slabs are inserted between the plate a charge +Q while inner sphere is earthed
as shown
ε0 A
C'= a
 t t t 
d − (t1 + t2 + t3 + ........) +  1 + 2 + 3 + ........  b
 K1 K 2 K3 

When a metallic slab is inserted between the plates
ε0 A
C'= . If metallic slab fills the complete space Figure: 15.6
(d − t ) a
Induced charge on the inner sphere Q ' = − .Q and
between the plates (i.e. t = d) or both plates are joined b
through a metallic wire then capacitance becomes infinite. b2

Force between the plates of a parallel plate capacitance of the system C ' = 4πε 0 .
b−a
σ 2A Q2 CV 2 This arrangement is not a capacitor. But it’s capacitance is
capacitor. | F | = = =
2ε 0 2ε 0 A 2d equivalent to the sum of capacitance of spherical capacitor and

Energy density between the plates of a parallel plate b2
spherical conductor i.e. 4πε 0 ⋅
capacitor. b−a
Energy 1 ab
Energy density = = ε0 E2. = 4πε 0 + 4πε 0b
Volume 2 b−a

t Cylindrical Capacitor: It consists of two concentric

conducting cylinders of radii a and b (a < b). Inner cylinder is
given charge +Q, while outer cylinder is earthed
A K1 K2 K3
K=∞ 2πε 0 Kl 2πε 0 Kl
A C= =
b b
log e 2.3log10
a a
t1 t2 t3
d d
Figure: 15.4
a
b

Spherical Capacitor: It consists of two concentric conducting

+
spheres of radii a and b (a < b). Inner sphere is given charge ++
+ +
+Q, while outer sphere is earthed. ++

–Q
Figure: 15.7 Cylindrical Capacitor
a
b
Combinations of Capacitors
+Q 1 1 1 1

Capacitor in series = + +
C C1 C2 C3
Figure: 15.5
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Capacitor 325
q1 − q2 = q3 = q (same for all) P = ε 0 χ E where ε0 is the permittivity of free space
V − V1 + V2 + V3 Unpolarized

If n identical capacitors each having capacitances C are

connected in series with supply voltage V then Equivalent
C
capacitance Ceq = and Potential difference across each Polarised by an applied electric field
n
Figure: 15.11
V
capacitor V ' = .
n Kirchhoff’s Law for Capacitor Circuits: According to
Kirchhoff’s junction law Σq = 0 and Kirchhoff’s second law
d (Loop law) states that in a close loop of an electric circuit; Use
following sign convention while solving the problems.
E E

Plate Pair –E +E

Figure: 15.8
C C

Capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + C3
∆E = – q/C ∆E = + q/C
q − q1 + q2 + q3
Figure: 15.12
V1 − V2 = V3 = V (same for all).
If n identical plates are arranged as shown below, they When an arrangement of capacitors cannot be simplified by the
constitute (n – 1) capacitors in series. If each capacitors method of successive reduction, then we need to apply the
Kirchhoff’s laws to solve the circuit.
ε0 A ε0 A
having capacitance then Ceq =
d ( n − 1)d
Variation of Different Variables (Q, C, V, E and U) of
+ – + – + – + –
Parallel Plate Capacitor
+ + – + – + – + – – Suppose we have an air filled charged parallel plate capacitor
+ – + – + – + – having variables are as follows:
+ – + – + – + –

Figure: 15.9
A
Dielectrics: The ratio of force of interaction between two point
charges separated by a certain distance in air/ vacuum to the
d′
force of attraction / repulsion between the same two point
charges, held the same distance apart in the medium; can also
V
be defined as the ratio of capacitances with medium to air. Figure: 15.13 Parallel Plate Capacitor
Cmedium
Dielectric constant K =
Cair Q
Charge – Q, Surface charge density – σ = ,
A
ε0 A
σ V Capacitance – C =
E= = d
ε d
Potential difference across the plates – V = E . d
σ
For air, ε ≈ ε 0 Eeffective = E − Epolarization = σ Q
kε 0 Electric field between the plates – E = =
ε 0 Aε 0
Figure: 15.10
1 Q2 1
Polarisation: The measure of Polarisation ‘P’ of a material is Energy stored – U = CV 2 = = QV
2 2C 2
for a given electric field ‘E’ is called Electric susceptibility χ e
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326 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 8. The distance between the plates of a parallel plate
Capacitance condenser is 4 mm and potential difference is 60 volts. If
the distance between the plates is increased to 12 mm,
1. Eight drops of mercury of same radius and having same then
charge coalesce to form a big drop. Capacitance of big a. The potential difference of the condenser will become
drop relative to that of small drop will be 180 volts
a. 16 times b. 8 times b. The P.D. will become 20 volts
c. 4 times d. 2 times
c. The P.D. will remain unchanged
2. Two spheres A and B of radius 4 cm and 6 cm are given d. The charge on condenser will reduce to one third
charges of 80 µC and 40 µC respectively. If they are 9. There is an air filled 1pF parallel plate capacitor. When
connected by a fine wire, the amount of charge flowing the plate separation is doubled and the space is filled with
from one to the other is wax, the capacitance increases to 2pF. The dielectric
a. 20 µ C from A to B b. 16 µ C from A to B constant of wax is
c. 32µC from B to A d. 32 µ C from A to B a. 2 b. 4
c. 6 d. 8
3. Two insulated metallic spheres of 3µ F and 5µ F
10. A 6 µ F capacitor is charged from 10 volts to 20 volts.
capacitances are charged to 300 V and 500V respectively.
The energy loss, when they are connected by a wire, is Increase in energy will be
a. 0.012 J b. 0.0218 J a. 18 × 10 −4 J b. 9 × 10 −4 J

c. 0.0375J d. 3.75 J c. 4.5 × 10 −4 J d. 9 × 10 −6 J

11. The plates of parallel plate capacitor are charged upto

4. 64 small drops of mercury, each of radius r and charge
100V. A 2mm thick plate is inserted between the plates.
q coalesce to form a big drop. The ratio of the surface
Then to maintain the same potential difference, the
density of charge of each small drop with that of the big
distance between the plates is increased by 1.6 mm. The
drop is
dielectric constant of the plate is
a. 1 : 64 b. 64 : 1
a. 5 b. 1.25
c. 4 : 1 d. 1 : 4
c. 4 d. 2.5
5. Two hollow spheres are charged positively. The smaller
12. A capacitor with air as the dielectric is charged to a
one is at 50 V and the bigger one is at 100 V. How should
potential of 100 volts. If the space between the plates is
they be arranged so that the charge flows from the smaller
now filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant 10, the
to the bigger sphere when they are connected by a wire
potential difference between the plates will be
a. By placing them close to each other
a. 1000 volts b. 100 volts
b. By placing them at very large distance from each other
c. 10 volts d. Zero
c. By placing the smaller sphere inside the bigger one
d. Information is insufficient 13. The capacitance of a metallic sphere will be 1µF , if its
6. A condenser of capacity 50 µ F is charged to 10 volts. Its radius is nearly
a. 9 km b. 10 m
energy is equal to
c. 1.11 m d. 1.11 cm
a. 2.5 × 10 −3 joule b. 2.5 × 10 −4 joule
c. 5 × 10−2 joule d. 1.2 × 10 −8 joule 14. A capacitor is charged by using a battery which is then
disconnected. A dielectric slab is then slipped between the
7. The respective radii of the two spheres of a spherical plates, which results in
condenser are 12 cm and 9 cm . The dielectric constant of a. Reduction of charge on the plates and increase of
the medium between them is 6. The capacity of the potential difference across the plates
condenser will be b. Increase in the potential difference across the plate,
a. 240 pF b. 240 µ F reduction in stored energy, but no change in the charge on
c. 240F d. None of the above the plates
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Capacitor 327
c. Decrease in the potential difference across the plates, 21. Two capacitances of capacity C1 and C 2 are connected in
reduction in the stored energy, but no change in the charge series and potential difference V is applied across it. Then
on the plates
the potential difference across C1 will be
d. None of the above
C2 C1 + C2
15. The insulated spheres of radii R1 and R2 having charges Q1 a. V b. V
C1 C1
and Q2 respectively are connected to each other. There is
a. No change in the energy of the system C2 C1
c. V d. V
b. An increase in the energy of the system C1 + C2 C1 + C2
c. Always a decrease in the energy of the system
22. A light bulb, a capacitor and a battery are connected
d. A decrease in the energy of the system unless
together as shown here, with switch S initially open.
Q1 R2 = Q2 R1
When the switch S is closed, which one of the following is
16. Separation between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor true?
is d and the area of each plate is A. When a slab of
material of dielectric constant k and thickness t (t < d) is
introduced between the plates, its capacitance becomes
ε0 A ε0 A
a. b.
 1  1
d + t 1 −  d + t 1 +  S
 k  k a. The bulb will light up for an instant when the capacitor
ε0 A ε0 A starts charging
c. d.
 1  1 b. The bulb will light up when the capacitor is fully
d − t 1 −  d − t 1 + 
 k  k charged
17. If the dielectric constant and dielectric strength be denoted c. The bulb will not light up at all
by k and x respectively, then a material suitable for use d. The bulb will light up and go off at regular intervals
as a dielectric in a capacitor must have 23. Capacity of a parallel plate condenser is 10µF when the
a. High k and high x b. High k and low x distance between its plates is 8 cm. If the distance between
c. Low k and low x d. Low k and high x the plates is reduced to 4cm, its capacity will be:
18. The area of each plate of a parallel plate capacitor is a. 10µF b. 15µF
100 cm 2 and the distance between the plates is 1nm. It is c. 20µF d. 40µF
filled with mica of dielectric 6. The radius of the 24. Three condensers each of capacitance 2F are put in series.
equivalent capacity of the sphere will be The resultant capacitance is:
a. 47.7 m b. 4.77 m
3
c. 477 m d. None of the above a. 6 F b. F
2
19. The capacity of a parallel plate condenser is 2
c. F d. 5F
10µ F without dielectric. Dielectric of constant 2 is used 3
to fill half the distance between the plates, the new
25. What is the area of the plates of a 3 F parallel plate
capacitance in µ F is
capacitor, if the separation between the plates is 5 mm
a. 10 b. 20 a. 1.694 × 10 9 m 2 b. 4.529 × 109 m 2
c. 15 d. 13.33
c. 9.281 × 109 m 2 d. 12.981 × 109 m 2
Combinations of Capacitors
26. Two capacitors of 10 µ F and 20 µ F are connected in
20. The capacity of pure capacitor is 1 farad. In D.C. circuit,
series with a 30V battery. The charge on the capacitors
its effective resistance will be
will be, respectively
a. Zero b. Infinite
a. 100 µ C, 200µ C b. 200 µ C, 100µ C
1
c. 1 ohm d. ohm c. 100 µ C, 100µ C d. 200 µ C, 200µ C
2
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328 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

27. If potential difference of a condenser (6 µ F ) is changed 34. Two capacitors of 3pF and 6pF are connected in series
from 10 V to 20 V then increase in energy is and a potential difference of 5000 V is applied across the
−4 −4 combination. They are then disconnected and reconnected
a. 2 ×10 J b. 4 ×10 J
in parallel. The potential between the plates is
c. 3 ×10−4 J d. 9 ×10−4 J a. 2250 V b. 2222 V
28. The diameter of each plate of an air capacitor is 4 cm. To c. 2.25 × 10 6 V d. 1.1 × 10 6 V
make the capacity of this plate capacitor equal to that of 35. A condenser of capacity C1 is charged to a potential V0.
20 cm diameter sphere, the distance between the plates The electrostatic energy stored in it is U0. It is connected
will be to another uncharged condenser of capacity C2 in parallel.
a. 4 × 10 −3 m b. 1× 10−3 m The energy dissipated in the process is
c. 1 cm d. 1× 10−3 cm a.
C2
U0 b.
C1
U0
C1 + C2 C1 + C2
29. A spherical condenser has inner and outer spheres of radii
a and b respectively. The space between the two is filled  C − C2  C1C2
c.  1 U 0 d. U0
with air. The difference between the capacities of two  C1 + C2  2(C1 + C2 )
condensers formed when outer sphere is earthed and when 36. Two condensers C1 and C2 in a circuit are joined as shown
inner sphere is earthed will be in figure. The potential of point A is V1 and that of B is
a. Zero b. 4πε 0 a V2 . The potential of point D will be
 b  D
c. 4πε 0 b d. 4πε 0 a   A B
b−a V1 C1 C2 V2
1 C 2 V1 + C1 V2
30. After charging a capacitor of capacitance 4 µ F upto a a. (V1 + V2 ) b.
2 C1 + C 2
potential 400 V, its plates are connected with a resistance C1 V1 + C 2 V2 C 2 V1 − C1 V2
of 1 k Ω . The heat produced in the resistance will be c. d.
C1 + C 2 C1 + C 2
a. 0.16 J b. 1.28 J 37. Two identical capacitors, have the same capacitance C.
c. 0.64 J d. 0.32 J One of them is charged to potential V1 and the other to V2.
31. The amount of work done in increasing the voltage across The negative ends of the capacitors are connected
the plates of a capacitor from 5 V to 10 V is W. The work together. When the positive ends are also connected, the
done in increasing it from 10 V to 15 V will be decrease in energy of the combined system is
a. 0.6 W b. W 1 1
a. C (V12 − V22 ) b. C (V12 + V22 )
c. 1.25 W d. 1.67 W 4 4
1 1
C (V1 − V2 ) C (V1 + V2 )
2 2
32. Three capacitors each of capacitance 1µ F are connected c. d.
4 4
in parallel. To this combination, a fourth capacitor of
38. Two capacitors of capacitance 2µF and 3µF are joined in
capacitance 1µ F is connected in series. The resultant
series. Outer plate first capacitor is at 1000 volt and outer
capacitance of the system is plate of second capacitor is earthed (grounded). Now the
a. 4µ F b. 2 µF potential on inner plate of each capacitor will be
4 3 a. 700 Volt b. 200 Volt
c. µF d. µF c. 600 Volt d. 400 Volt
3 4
39. In the figure a potential of + 1200 V is given to point A
33. A capacitor 4µ F charged to 50 V is connected to another and point B is earthed, what is the potential at the point P
capacitor of 2µ F charged to 100 V with plates of like 4µF
3µF
charges connected together. The total energy before and B
A
after connection in multiples of (10 −2 J ) is P

a. 1.5 and 1.33 b. 1.33 and 1.5 2µF

c. 3.0 and 2.67 d. 2.67 and 3.0 a. 100 V b. 200 V c. 400 V d. 600 V
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Capacitor 329
40. Two identical capacitors are joined in parallel, charged to 46. In the following circuit, the resultant capacitance between
a potential V and then separated and then connected in A and B is 1 µF. Then value of C is
series i.e . the positive plate of one is connected to C 1 µF
A
negative of the other
8µF
a. The charges on the free plates connected together are 6µF 4 µF
destroyed
b. The charges on the free plates are enhanced 2µF 2 µF
12µF
c. The energy stored in the system increases B
d. The potential difference in the free plates becomes 2 V 32 11
a. µF b. µF
41. The capacitor of capacitance 4 µF and 6 µF are connected 11 32
in series. A potential difference of 500 volts applied to the 23 32
c. µF d. µF
32 23
outer plates of the two capacitor system. Then the charge
on each capacitor is numerically Variation of Different Variables (Q, C, V, E and U) of
a. 6000 C b. 1200 C Parallel Plate Capacitor
c. 1200 µC d. 6000 µC
47. The mean electric energy density between the plates of a
42. Three capacitors of capacitances 3 µF, 9 µF and 18 µF are charged capacitor is (here Q = Charge on the capacitor
connected once in series and another time in parallel. The and A = Area of the capacitor plate)
C   Q2 Q
ratio of equivalent capacitance in the two cases  s  will a. b.
 Cp  2ε 0 A 2
2ε 0 A 2
 
be Q2
a. 1 : 15 b. 15 : 1 c. d. None of these
2ε 0 A
c. 1 : 1 d. 1 : 3
48. Plate separation of a 15µ F capacitor is 2 mm. A dielectric
43. Two condensers of capacity 0.3 µF and 0.6 µF
respectively are connected in series. The combination is slab (K = 2) of thickness 1 mm is inserted between the
connected across a potential of 6 volts. The ratio of plates. Then new capacitance is given by
energies stored by the condensers will be a. 15 µ F b. 20 µ F
1 1 c. 30 µ F d. 25 µ F
a. b. 2 c. d. 4
2 4
49. The force between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor
44. In the adjoining figure, four capacitors are shown with of capacitance C and distance of separation of the plates d
their respective capacities and the P.D. applied. The with a potential difference V between the plates, is
charge and the P.D. across the 4 µF capacitor will be
CV 2 C 2V 2
a. b.
20µF
2d 2d 2
300 Volt 4µF 4µF C 2V 2 V 2d
c. d.
12µF d2 C

50. If a slab of insulating material 4 × 10−5 m thick is

a. 600µ C ; 150 volts b. 300 µ C ; 75 volts
introduced between the plate of a parallel plate capacitor,
c. 800 µC; 200 volts d. 580µ C ; 145 volts the distance between the plates has to be increased by
45. A 4µF condenser is connected in parallel to another 3.5 ×10−5 m to restore the capacity to original value. Then
condenser of 8µF Both the condensers are then connected the dielectric constant of the material of slab is
in series with a 12 µF condenser and charged to 20 volts. a. 10 b. 12
The charge on the plate of 4 µF condenser is c. 6 d. 8
a. 3.3 µC b. 40 µC 51. A capacitor when filled with a dielectric K = 3 has charge
c. 80 µC d. 240 µC Q0 , voltage V 0 and field E 0 . If the dielectric is replaced
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330 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

with another one having K = 9, the new values of charge, How much energy is lost by the battery in charging the
voltage and field will be respectively capacitors?
a. 3Q0 , 3V0 , 3E0 b. Q0 , 3V0 , 3E0 a. 22 ×10−6 J b. 11×10−6 J
V0 V0 E0  32   16 
c. Q0 , , 3 E0 d. Q0 , , c.   ×10−6 J d.   ×10−6 J
3 3 3  3 3
Circuit with Resistors and Capacitors NCERT EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
52. Three capacitors of 2µ f, 3µ f and 6µ f are joined in series More than One Answer
and the combination is charged by means of a 24 volt
56. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the charging
battery. The potential difference between the plates of the
battery is then disconnected. If the plates of the capacitor
6µ f capacitor is
are moved further apart by means of insulating handles:
2µF 3µF 6µF
a. the charge on the capacitor increases
b. the voltage across the plates increases
Q
24V c. the capacitance increases.
d. the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor increases
a. 4 volts b. 6 volts
57. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are not exactly
c. 8 volts d. 10 volts
parallel. The surface charge density therefore:
53. Two capacitors each of 1µf capacitance are connected in a. higher at the closer end
parallel and are then charged by 200V D.C. supply. The b. the surface charge density will not be uniform
total energy of their charges in joules is c. Each plate will have the same potential at each point
a. 0.01 b. 0.02 c. 0.04 d. 0.06 d. the electric field is smallest where the plates are closest
54. A parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate separation d and 58. A parallel plate capacitor is first connected to a D.C.
capacitance C is filled with three different dielectric source. It is then disconnected and then immersed in a
materials having dielectric constants K1, K2 and K3 as liquid dielectric then:
shown in fig. If a single dielectric material is to be used to a. the capacity increases
have the same capacitance C in this capacitor, then its b. the liquid level between the plates increases
dielectric constant K is given by c. the liquid level will remain same as that outside the plates
A/2 A/2 d. the potential on the places will decrease
K1 K2 d/2
59. A parallel plate condenser of plate area A and separation d
d
K3 is charged to a potential V and then the battery is removed.
Now a slab of dielectric constant K is introduced between
A = Area of plates the plates of the capacitor so as to fill the space between
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 the plates. If Q, E and W denote respectively the
a. = + + b. = +
K K1 K 2 2 K 3 K K1 + K 2 2 K 3 magnitude of charge on each plate, the electric field
between the plates (after introduction of dielectric slab)
K1 K 2
c. K = + 2 K3 d. K = K1 + K 2 + 2 K 3 and work done on the system in the process of introducing
K1 + K 2
the slab, then:
55. Two capacitors C1 = 2µF and C2 = 6µF in series, are ε 0 AV ε 0 KAV
a. Q = b. Q =
connected in parallel to a third capacitor C3 = 4µF. This d d
arrangement is then connected to a battery of e.m.f. = 2 V, V ε 0 AV 2  1
as shown in the fig. c. E = d. W = 1 − 
Kd 2d  K 
C1 C2
60. A parallel plate capacitor has a parallel sheet of copper
C3 inserted between and parallel to the two plates, without
touching the plates. The capacity of the capacitor after the
2V
introduction of the copper sheet is:
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Capacitor 331
a. minimum when the copper sheet touches one of the plates a. directly proportional to Q b. directly proportional Q 2
b. maximum when the copper sheet is midway between
c. inversely proportional to A d. directly proportional A
the two plates
c. invariant for all positions of the sheet between the two plates 66. Charges Q1 and Q2 are given to two plates of a parallel
d. greater than that before introducing the sheet plate capacitor. The capacity of the capacitor is C. When
the switch is closed, mark the correct statement(s).
61. When a parallel plate capacitor is connected to a source of
Assume both Q1 and Q2 to be positive.)
constant potential difference: Q1 Q2
a. all the charge drawn from the source is stored in the
capacitor
b. all the energy drawn from the source is stored in the
capacitor
c. the potential difference across the capacitor grows very
rapidly initially and this rate decreases to zero eventually
d. only half of the energy drawn from source is dissipated a. the charge flowing through the switch is zero
outside the capacitor b. the charge flowing through the switch is Q1 + Q2
62. When two identical capacitors are charged individually to c. Potential difference across the capacitor plate is Q1 / C
different potentials and then connected in parallel, after d. The charge of the capacitor is Q1
disconnecting from the source:
a. net charge < sum of initial charges 67. A parallel plate air capacitor has initial capacitance C. If
b. net charge = sum of initial charges plate separation is slowly increased form d1 to d2, then
c. net potential difference across them ≠ sum of individual mark the correct statement(s). (Take potential of the
initial potential differences capacitor to be constant, i.e., throughout the process it
d. net energy stored in the two capacitors < sum of remains connected to battery. )
individual initial energies a. Work done by electric force = negative of work done by
external agent.
63. Two parallel plate air capacitors are constructed, one by a



b. Work done by external force = − ∫ F ⋅ dx , where F is
pair of iron plates and the second by a pair of copper
plates, of same area and same spacing’s. Then: the electric force of attraction between the plates at plat
a. the copper plate capacitor has a greater capacitance than separation x.
the iron one c. Work done by electric force ≠ negative of work done by
b. both capacitors have equal non zero capacitances, in the external agent.
uncharged state d. Work done by battery = two times the change in
c. both capacitors will have equal capacitances only if electric potential energy stored in capacitor.
they are charged equally
68. A capacitor of 5 µF is charged to a potential of 100 V.
d. the capacitances of the two capacitors are equal even if
Now this charged capacitor is connected to a battery of
they are unequally charged
100 V with the positive terminal of the battery connected
64. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are charged with to the negative plate of the capacitor. For the given
surface densities σ1 and σ2 respectively. The electric field situation, mark the correct statements(s)
at points (σ1 = +σ, σ2 = –σ) a. The charge flowing through the 100 V battery is 500µC
a. inside the region between the plates will be zero b. The charge flowing through the 100V battery is 100µC.
b. above the upper plate and below the lower plate will be zero c. Heat dissipated in the circuit is 0.1 J.
c. everywhere in space will be zero d. Work done on the battery is 0.1 J.
d. inside the region between the plates will be uniform
69. Two identical capacitors with identical dielectric slabs in
and non zero
between them are connected in series as shown in fig.
65. The force with which the plates of a parallel plate Now, the slab of one capacitor is pulled out slowly with
capacitor, having charge Q and area of each plate A, the help of an external force F at steady state as shown.
attract each other, is: Mark the correct statement(s).
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332 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

74. Assertion: The capacity of a given conductor remains
A B same even if charge is varied on it.
F
Reason: Capacitance depends upon nearly medium as
well as size and shape of conductor.
a b E
75. Assertion: A charged capacitor is disconnected from a
a. During the process, charge (positive) flows from b to a.
battery. Now if its plate is separated farther, the potential
b. During the process, the charge of capacitor B is equal
energy will fall.
to the charge on A at all instants.
Reason: Energy stored in a capacitor is equal to the work
c. Work done by F is positive.
done in charging it.
d. During the process, the battery has been charged.
76. Assertion: The force with which one plate of a parallel
70. In figure shows a part of a circuit. If all the capacitors
plate capacitor is attracted towards the other plate is equal
have a capacitance of 2µF, then the
2V
to square of surface density per ε per unit area.
Reason: The electric field due to one charged plate of the
C2 capacitor at the location of the other is equal to surface
q1 q3
density per ε .
8V 3V
C1 2V C3 77. Assertion: Circuit containing capacitors should be
a. charge on C3 is zero b. charge on C3 is 12 µF handled cautiously even when there is no current.
Reason: The capacitors are very delicate and so quickly
c. charge on C1 is 6 µF d. charge on C 2 is 6 µF
break down.
71. Two capacitors C1 and C 2 are charged to 120V and 200 V
78. Assertion: If three capacitors of capacitance C1 < C2 < C3
respectively. It is found that by connecting them together
are connected in parallel then their equivalent capacitance
the potential on each one can be made zero. Then
Cp > Cs.
a. 5C1 = 3C2 b. 3C1 = 5C2
1 1 1 1
c. 3C1 + 5C2 = 0 d. 9C1 = 4C2 Reason: = + +
C p C1 C2 C3
Assertion and Reason
79. Assertion: The tyres of aircraft's are slightly conducting.
Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully to mark Reason: If a conductor is connected to ground, the extra
the correct option out of the options given below: charge induced on conductor will flow to ground.
a. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the
80. Assertion: A bird perches on a high power line and
correct explanation of the assertion.
nothing happens to the bird.
b. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
Reason: The level of bird is very high from the ground.
correct explanation of the assertion.
c. If assertion is true but reason is false. Comprehension Based
d. If the assertion and reason both are false.
Paragraph –I
e. If assertion is false but reason is true.
A parallel plate capacitor is filled with two layers of different
72. Assertion: If the distance between parallel plates of a materials A and B as shown in the figure. The material A has
capacitor is halved and dielectric constant is made three dielectric constant ε1 and conductivity σ1 and the material B
times, then the capacitor becomes 6 times. has dielectric constant ε 2 and conductivity σ 2 respectively. The
Reason: Capacity of the capacitor does not depend upon
capacitor is connected across a battery of terminal voltage V.
the nature of the material.
73. Assertion: A parallel plate capacitor is connected across
battery through a key. A dielectric slab of constant K is A d1
introduced between the plates. The energy which is stored V
B d2
becomes K times.
Reason: The surface density of charge on the plate
remains constant or unchanged.
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Capacitor 333
81. Electric fields in material A is: 85. If the total charge stored in the LC circuit is Q 0 , then for
V σ1 Vσ 2 t ≥0
a. b.
d1σ1 + d 2σ 2 d1σ 1 + d 2σ 2 π t 
a. the charge on the capacitor is Q = Q0 cos  + 
V σ1 Vσ 2 2 LC 
c. d.
d1σ 2 + d 2σ1 d1σ 2 + d 2σ1
π t 
b. the charge on the capacitor is Q = Q0 cos  − 
82. What is the total surface charge density on the interface 2 LC 
of the two medium? d 2Q
c. the charge on the capacitor is Q = − LC
ε 0V ( ε1 − ε 2 ) ε 0V (σ 1 − σ 2 ) dt 2
a. b.
d1ε 2 + d 2ε1 d1σ 2 + d 2σ 1 1 d 2Q
d. the charge on the capacitor is Q = − 2
ε 0V (σ 1ε 2 − σ 2ε1 ) V  d1 d2  LC dt
c. d  − 
d1σ 2 + d 2σ 1 ε 0 d1d 2  d1 + d 2 d1 + d 2  Paragraph -III
Two capacitor of capacity 6 µ F and 3µ F are charged to 100 V
Paragraph -II
and 50 V separately and connected as shown in figure 4.201.
The capacitor of capacitance C can be charged (with the help of
Now all the three switches S1 , S 2 and S3 are closed.
a resistance R) by a voltage source V, by closing switch S1 while
6 µF S2 3 µF
keeping switch S2 open. The capacitor can be connected in 1 2 3 4

series with an inductor ‘L’ by closing switch S2 and opening S1

100 V
V S1 S3
R S1
200 V
C
S1 86. Which plates form an isolated system?
L
a. Plate 1 and plate 4 separately
83. Initially, the capacitor was uncharged. Now, switch S1 is b. Plate 2 and plate 3 separately
closed and S2 is kept open. If time constant of this circuit c. Plate 2 and plate 3 jointly
is τ, then: d. None of these
a. after time interval τ, charge on the capacitor is CV / 2 87. Charge on the 6µF capacitor in steady state will be
b. after time interval 2τ, charge on the capacitor is a. 400 µC b. 700 µC
CV (1 − e −2 ) c. 800 µC d. 250 µC
c. the work done by the voltage source will be half of the 88. Suppose q1, and q2 and q3 be the magnitudes of charges
heat dissipated when the capacitor is fully charged flowing form switches S1, S2 and S3 after they are closed.
d. after time interval 2τ, charge on the capacitor is Then
CV (1 − e −1 ) q2
a. q1 = q3 and q2 = 0 b. q1 = q3 =
2
84. After the capacitor gets fully charged, S1 is opened and
c. q1 = q3 = 2q2 d. q1 = q2 = q3
S2 is closed so that the inductor is connected in series
with the capacitor. Then: Match the Column
a. at t = 0, energy stored in the circuit is purely in the 89. Match the statement of Column with those in Column II:
form of magnetic energy Column I Column II
b. at any time t > 0, current in the circuit is in the same (A) The energy of a charged q2
direction 1.
capacitor is given by the 2C
c. at t > 0, there is no exchange of energy between the expression (q = charge on
inductor and capacitor the conductor and C = its
d. at any time t > 0, instantaneous current in the circuit capacity)
C (B) In a charged capacitor, the 2. The field between
may V
L energy resides the plates
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334 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

(C) The energy stored in a
3. 1 CV 2 a. A→ 2; B→ 3,4; C→ 3, 4; D→ 1, 2, 3
condenser of capacity C 2 b. A→ 1; B→ 2,3; C→ 1, 2; D→ 2, 3, 4
which has been raised to a c. A→ 3; B→ 1,2; C→ 2, 4; D→ 1, 3, 4
potential V is given by d. A→ 4; B→ 3,4; C→ 1, 3; D→ 2, 3, 4
(D) The energy of a charged 4. The electric field
capacitor resides in only Integer
a. A→1, B→2, C→3, D→4 92. Two Leyden jars are exactly similar in size and shape but
b. A→2, B→3, C→4, D→1 one has glass dielectric and other ebonite. The Leyden jar
c. A→4, B→2, C→3, D→1 with glass dielectric is charged, but when the charge is
d. A→3, B→1, C→4, D→2 shared between the two Leyden jars, the potential drops to
90. Match the statement of Column with those in Column II: 0.6 of its original value. If Specific Inductive Capacity
Column I Column II (SIC) of ebonite is 2, that of glass is:
(A) The potential gradient at 1. Dielectric 93. Two capacitors 2µF and 4µF are connected in parallel. A
which the dielectric of a strength third capacitor of 6µF capacity is connected in series. The
condenser just gets combination is connected across a 12 V battery. The
punctured is called voltage across 2µF capacity is:
(B) The capacity of parallel 2. The separation
94. Three capacitors of 2µF, 3µF and 6µF are joined in series
plate condenser depends on between the plates
and the combination is charged by means of a 24 volt
(C) When air in a capacitor is 3. Increases K times
battery. The potential difference between the plates of the
replaced by a medium of
6µF capacitor is
dielectric constant K, the
capacity 95. The capacitance of an air filled parallel plate capacitor is
(D) Can a metal be used as a 4. No 10µF. The separation between the plates is doubled and
medium for dielectric the space between the plates is then filled with wax giving
a. A→1, B→2, C→3, D→4 the capacitance a new value of 40 × 10 −12 farads . The
b. A→2, B→3, C→4, D→1 dielectric constant of wax is
c. A→4, B→2, C→3, D→1
96. A condenser of capacitance 10µF has been charged to
d. A→3, B→1, C→4, D→2
100 volts . It is now connected to another uncharged
91. Match the statements in Column I with the statements in condenser in parallel. The common potential becomes 40
Column II. volts. The capacitance of another condenser is
Column I Column II 97. An air filled parallel plate capacitor has capacity C. If
(A) A charged capacitor is 1. A constant current distance between plates is doubled and it is immersed in a
connected to the ends of flows through the liquid then capacity becomes twice. Dielectric constant of
the wire wire the liquid is
(B) Thewire is moved 2. Thermal energy is
perpendicular to its length generated in the wire 98. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor becomes 4/3
with a constant velocity in times its original value if a dielectric slab of thickness t =
a uniform magnetic field d/2 is inserted between the plates (d is the separation
perpendicular to the plane between the plates). The dielectric constant of the slab is
of motion 99. A parallel plate condenser is connected with the terminals
(C) The wire is placed in a 3. A constant of a battery. The distance between the plates is 6mm. If a
constant electric field that potential difference glass plate (dielectric constant K = 9) of 4.5 mm is
has a direction along the develops between the introduced between them, then the capacity will become:
length of the wire. ends of the wire
100. A spherical drop of capacitance 12 µF is broken into eight
(D) A battery of constant emf is 4.Charges of constant
drops of equal radius. What is the capacitance of each
connected to the ends of magnitude appear at
the wire the ends of the wire small drop in µF?
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Capacitor 335
ANSWER So, on connecting it with the bigger one charge will flow from
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
the smaller one to the bigger one.
d d c d c a a a b b 1
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
6. (a) U = CV 2
2
a c a c d c a b d b
1
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. = × 50 × 10 −6 × (10) 2 = 2.5 × 10 −3 J
2
c a c c a d d b c d
 ab 
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 7. (a) C = 4πε 0 K  
b − a 
d d a b a c c d c d
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 1 12 × 9 ×10−4 
= ⋅6 −2
−11
 = 24 × 10 = 240 pF
c a b d b d a b a d 9 ×10 9
 3 × 10 
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
V1 d1
d a c b b b,d a,b,c a,b,d a,c,d c,d 8. (a) Forcapacitor =
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
V2 d 2
a,c,d b,c,d b,d b,d b,c b,c,d a,b,d b,c b,c,d a,c V1 × d 2 60 × 12
⇒ V2 = = = 180V
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. d1 4
b,d b c a e d c c b c
ε0 A Kε0 A
81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 9. (b) C = = 1 pF and C ' = = 2 pF
d b b d c c b d a a d 2d
91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. ∴ K = 4.
a 3 6 4 8 15 4 2 3 6
1
10. (b) ∆E = EFinal − EInitial = C (VFinal
2
− VInitial
2
)
SOLUTION 2
1
Multiple Choice Questions = × 6 × (202 − 102 ) × 10 −6
2
1. (d) By using relation C = n1/ 3 ⋅ c
= 3 × (400 − 100) × 10−6
⇒ C = (8) 1/ 3
⋅ c = 2c
= 3 × 300 × 10 −6 = 9 × 10 −4 J
2. (d) Total charge Q = 80 + 40 = 120 µ C . 11. (a) In air the potential difference between the plates
 r  σ
By using the formula Q1' = Q  1  Vair = ⋅ d . . .(i)
 r1 + r2  ε0
In the presence of partially filled medium potential
 r 
New charge on sphere A is QA′ = Q  A  difference between the plates
 rA + rB 
σ t 
 4  Vm = d −t +  . . .(ii)
= 120   = 48 µ C
ε0  K
4 + 6
Potential difference between the plates with dielectric
Initially it was 80 µC, i.e., 32µC charge flows from A to B. medium and increased distance is
C1C2 σ  t 
3. (c) By using ∆U = (V1 − V2 ) 2 ; ∆U = 0.375 J Vm′ = (d + d ') − t +  . . .(iii)
2(C1 + C2 ) ε0  K
t
σ q / 4π r 2  q   R 
2
According to question Vair = Vm′ which gives K =
4. (d) Small = =  t −d'
σ Big Q / 4π R 2  Q   r 
2
Hence K = =5
Since R = n1/3r and Q = nq 2 − 1.6
σ Small 1 σ 1 V 100
So, = ⇒ Small = 12. (c) New potential difference = = = 10V
σ Big n1/ 3 σ Big 4 K 10

5. (c) By placing the smaller sphere inside the bigger one. 13. (a) 4πε 0 r = 1× 10−6
The potential of the smaller one will now be 150 V. ⇒ r = 10 −6 × 9 × 109 = 9 km
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336 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

14. (c) Battery in disconnected so Q will be constant as 20. (b) Capacitor does not work in D.C. for D.C. it’s effective
C ∝K . resistance is infinite i.e. it blocks the current to flow in the
So, With introduction of dielectric slab capacitance will circuit.
increase using Q = CV, V will decrease and using C1C2
21. (c) Charge flowing = V
C1 + C2
Q2
U = , energy will decrease.
2C C1C2V 1 C2V
So, potential difference across C1 = × =
C1 + C2 C1 C1 + C2
Q1 Q2
15. (d) When ≠ ; current will flow in connecting wire
R1 R2 22. (a) Current through the circuit can flow only for the small
so that energy decreases in the form of heat through the time of charging, once capacitor get’s charged it blocks
connecting wire. the current through the circuit and bulb will go off.

16. (c) Potential difference between the plates V = Vair + Vmedium ε0 A 1

23. (c) C = ∝
d d
σ σ
= × (d − t ) + ×t C1 d 2 d 8
ε0 Kε 0 ∴ = or C2 = 1 × C1 = × 10 = 20 µ F
C 2 d1 d2 4
σ t Q t
⇒ V= (d − t + ) = (d − t + )
ε0 K Aε 0 K 1 1 1 1 2
24. (c) = + + ⇒ C= F
C 2 2 2 3
+

+
–
ε0 A
– 25. (a) By using the relation C =
A +
k
d
– −3
+
Cd 3 × 5 ×10
+ – ⇒ A= = = 1.694 ×109 m2 .
ε0 8.85 ×10−12
+ –
26. (d) In series combination of capacitor charge on each
t
capacitor is same Q1 = Q2 = Q = CeqV
Q Q
Hence capacitance C = =  10 × 20  200
V Q t
(d − t + ) ⇒ CeqV =   × 30 = × 30 = 200 µ C
Aε 0 K  10 + 20  30

ε0 A ε0 A 1
= = 27. (d) Initial energy U i = CV12
t
(d − t + )  1 2
d − t 1 − 
k  k 1
Final energy U f = CV22
17. (a) High K means good insulating property and high x 2
means able to withstand electric field gradient to a higher 1
Increase in energy ∆U = U f − U i = C (V22 − V12 )
value. 2
1
ε 0 AK = × 6 × 10−6 (20 2 − 102 ) = 9 × 10 −4 J .
18. (b) C = = 4πε 0 r 2
d
ε A
r = Radius of sphere of equivalent capacity 28. (b) According to the question 0 = 4πε 0 R
d
AK 100 × 10 −4 × 6 15
⇒ r= = −3
= = 4.77 m A π (2 ×10−2 )2
4π d 1 × 10 × 4 × 3.14 3.14 ⇒ d= = = 1×10−3 m.
4π R 4π ×10 ×10−2
Aε 0
19. (d) C = = 10µ F 29. (c) Capacitance when outer sphere is earthed
d
Aε 0 Aε 0 Aε 0 4 Aε ab
C1 = = = = ⋅ 0 C1 = 4πε 0 . and capacitance when inner sphere is
t d d d  1 3 d b−a
d −t + d− + 1 + 
k 2 2k 2 2 b2
earthed C2 = 4πε 0 ⋅
4 b−a
∴ C1 = × 10 = 13.33µ F
3 Hence C2 − C1 = 4πε 0 ⋅ b
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Capacitor 337
30. (d) This is the discharging condition of capacitor and in C1C2 (V1 − V2 ) 2
35. (a) Loss of energy during sharing =
1
this condition energy released U = CV 2 2(C1 + C2 )
2 In the equation, put V2 = 0, V1 = V0
1
= × 4 × 10 −6 × (400) 2 = 0.32 J C1C2V02 CU  1 2
2 ∴ Loss of energy = = 2 0
2(C1 + C2 ) C1 + C2 ∵U 0 = 2 C1V0 
= 0 .32 J .  

31. (d) As we know that work done 36. (c) Charge on C1 = charge on C 2
1 ⇒ C1 (VA − VD ) = C2 (VD − VB ) ⇒ C1 (V1 − VD ) = C2 (VD − V2 )
= U final − U initial =
C (V22 − V12 )
2 C1V1 + C2V2
⇒ VD =
When potential difference increases from 5 V to 10 V C1 + C2
then
1 1
1 37. (c) Initial energy of the system U i =CV12 + CV2 2
W = C (102 − 52 ) . . . (i) 2 2
2 When the capacitors are joined, common potential
When potential difference increases from 10 V to 15 V
CV1 + CV2 V1 + V2
then V = =
2C 2
1
W ' = C (152 − 10 2 ) . . . (ii) 1
2 Final energy of the system U f = (2C )V 2
2
On solving equation (i) and (ii) we get W ' = 1 .67 W . 2
1  V +V  1
32. (d) The circuit can be drawn as follows = 2C  1 2  = C (V1 + V2 ) 2
2  2  4
1 µF 3 µF
1
Decrease in energy = U i − U f = C (V1 − V2 ) 2
4
1 µF 1 µF
A B 2×3 6
38. (d) Equivalent capacitance = = µF
1 µF 2+3 5
6
Total charge by Q = CV = × 1000 = 1200 µ C
3 ×1 3 5
⇒ C AB = = µF
3 +1 4 Q 1200
Potential (V) across 2µ F is V = = = 600 volt
33. (a) The total energy before connection C 2
1 1 ∴ Potential on internal plates = 1000 − 600 = 400V
= × 4 × 10 −6 × (50) 2 + × 2 × 10 −6 × (100) 2
2 2
39. (c) Given circuit can be reduced as follows
= 1.5 ×10−2 J 3µF 6µF
When connected in parallel 4 × 50 + 2 × 100 = 6 × V +1200
VB = 0
A VP B
200
⇒ V =
3
Total energy after connection In series combination charge on each capacitor remain
2 same. So using Q = CV
1  200 
= × 6 × 10 −6 ×  −2
 = 1.33 ×10 J ⇒ C1V1 = C2V2 ⇒ 3(1200 − V p ) = 6(VP − VB )
2  3 
1 1 1 ⇒ 1200 − V p = 2V p (∵ VB = 0)
34. (b) = +
C 3 6 ⇒ 3Vp = 1200 ⇒ Vp = 400 volt
⇒ C = 2 pF
40. (d) Q1 = CV and Q2 = CV
Total charge = 2 × 10−12 × 5000 = 10−8 C
Applying charge conservation CV1 + CV2 = Q1 + Q2
The new potential when the capacitors are connected in
CV1 + CV2 = 2CV
2 × 10−8
parallel is V = = 2222 V ⇒ V1 + V2 = 2V
(3 + 6) × 10 −12
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338 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

C1C2 4 × 8 32 8
41. (c) Ceq = = 2.4 µ F = = = µF . . .(ii)
C1 + C2 4 + 8 12 3
Charge flown = 2.4 × 100 × 10 −6 C = 1200 µ C (i) and (ii) are in parallel and are in series with C
32
×C
1 1 1 1 1 8 8 32
42. (a) = + + = ⇒ Cs = 2 µF ∴ + = and Ceq = 1 = 9
Cs 3 9 18 2 9 3 9 32
+C
Cs 2 1 9
⇒ C p = 3 + 9 + 18 = 30 µF ⇒ = =
Cp 30 15 32
⇒ C= µF
23
43. (b) In series combination Q is constant, hence according
2

Q2 1 1  Q  Q2
to U = 47. (a) Energy density = ε 0 E 2 = ε 0   = .
2C 2 2  Aε 0  2ε 0 A2

1 U C 0.6 2 ε0 A
⇒ U∝ ⇒ 1 = 2 = = 48. (b) Given C = = 15µ F . . . (i)
C U 2 C1 0.3 1 d
1 1 1 1 120 ε0 A ε0 A
44. (d) Total capacitance = + + ⇒ C= µF Then by using C ' = =
C 20 8 12 31 d −t +
t 10−3
2 × 10 −3 − 10−3 +
K 2
120
Total charge Q = CV = × 300 = 1161µ C 2
31 = × ε 0 A ×103
3
1161
Charge, through 4 µF condenser = = 580µ C and From equation (i) C ' = 20 µ F .
2
580 Q2
potential difference across it = = 145V 49. (a) Since F =
4 2ε 0 A

45. (b) Equivalent capacitance of the circuit Ceq = 6 µ F C 2V 2 CV 2

⇒ F= = .
2ε 0 A 2d
Charge supplied from source Q = 6 × 20 = 120 µC
12µF t
50. (d) By using K =
4µF t −d'
Q' 12µF Here t = 4 × 10−5 m; d ' = 3.5 ×10−5 m
8µF 4 ×10−5
⇒ K= =8
Q 4 × 10−5 − 3.5 ×10−5
20V
51. (d) Suppose, charge, potential difference and electric field
for capacitor without dielectric medium are Q, V and E
Hence charge on the plates of 4 µF capacitor respectively
4 With dielectric medium of K = 3;
= Q' = × 120 = 40 µ C With dielectric medium of K = 9
(4 + 8)
Charge Q0 = Q
46. (d) 12 µF and 6µF are in series and again are in parallel
Charge Q ' = Q = Q0
with 4µF.
V
Therefore, resultant of these three will be Potential difference V0 =
3
12 × 6
= + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8µ F V V0
12 + 6 Potential difference V ' = =
9 3
This equivalent system is in series with 1 µF.
E
8 ×1 8 Electric field E0 =
Its equivalent capacitance = = µF . . .(i) 3
8 +1 9
Equivalent of 8µF, 2µF and 2µF E E0
Electric field E ' = = .
9 3
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Capacitor 339
52. (a) Equivalent capacitance of the network is 57. (a, b, c) Being a conductor, each plate has the same
1 1 1 1  ∆V 
= + + ; Ceq = 1µ F potential at each point. But because E = −  
Ceq 2 3 6  ∆x 
Charge supplied by battery Q = Ceq.V Hence E is highest where the plates are closest to each
⇒ 1 × 24 = 24 µC other. Hence surface charge density is also higher at the
closer end.
Hence potential difference across 6µF capacitor
24 58. (a, b, d) As the capacitor is immersed in a liquid, its
= = 4 volt .
6 Q2
capacity increases, thus lowering the energy =
2C
1
53. (c) By using formula U = CeqV 2 As the energy is lowered, the liquid level between the
2
plates rises, thus compensating loss in E.P.E., by increase
Here Ceq = 2µ F
in gravitational P.E. As Q = constant and C is increased,
1 hence potential on the plates is decreased.
∴ U = × 2 ×10−6 × (200) 2 = 0.04 J
2
ε0 A ε 0 AV V
54. (b) The effective capacitance is given by 59. (a, c, d) C0 = , Q = C0V = , E0 = ,
d d d
1 d  1 1  E0 V 1
=  +  E= = , U1 = C0V 2
Ceq ε 0 A  2 K 3 ( K1 + K 2 )  K kd 2
The capacitance of capacitor with single dielectric of U 2 = ( 12 ) CV 2slab = ( 12 ) ( KC0 )(V / K )2 = ( 12 ) C0V 2 / K
Kε0 A
dielectric constant K is C = W = ∆U = U1 − U 2 = ( 12 ) C0V 2 (1 − 1/ K )
d
According to question Ceq = C i.e., 1 ε 0 AV 2  1
= 1 − 
2 d  K
ε0 A Kε0 A
=
 1 1  d ε0 A ε0 A
d + 60. (c, d) Cpm = , C0 = , Cpm > C0
2
 3 K K 1 + K 2  d −t d
1 1 1 61. (a, c, d) Initially when potential difference is high, hence
⇒ = + .
K 2 K 3 K1 + K 2 rate of flow of charge is high. But when potential
difference across capacitor reaches the applied potential
55. (b) Equivalent capacitance
difference, this rate tends towards zero. Energy drawn
1µF
from source = QV but Energy stored in capacitor
1
1µF =   QV .
2

+ – 62. (b, c, d) As source is disconnected hence Q = q1 + q2 ;

200V
after disconnecting from the source they are connected in
CC 2×6
Ceq = 1 2 + C3 = + 4 = 5.5µ F paralled hence net p.d. ≠ V1 + V2 ; when charged capacitor
C1 + C2 8
at different potentials are connected together, there always
1 1 occurs a loss of energy in the form of heat energy.
∴ U = Ceq .V 2 = × 5.5 × (2) 2 = 11×10−6 J
2 2
63. (b,d) Capacity of a capacitor does not depend upon the
NCERT Exemplar Problems metal used for making its plates and the charge given to
More than One Answer ε0 A
the plates C = .
56. (b, d) As battery is disconnected, hence Q = Constt, plates d
of capacitor are moved apart, hence C → decreases 64. (b,d) E = 0, at all points outside the region between the
 1 Q Q2 σ
C ∝ . Now V = and U = plates. For points inside E =
  ε0
 d C 2C
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340 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

5µF, 500µC
1 1  ε AV 2 
65. (b, c) U = CV 2 =  0 
2 2 x 

1 ε 0 AV 2
And U ' =
2 x + dx
100C
(When plates are pulled apart)
From energy conservation law,
1  ε AV 2  2
∆U = U ′ − U = −  0 V Ui + Wbattery = U f + ∆H
2 x 
Ui = U f
∆U 1  ε 0 AV 2  Q
F =− =  =
∆x 2  x  2ε 0 A
2
So, ∆H = 0.1 J

66. (b, c, d) As the switch is closed, the charge on the outer 69. (b, c, d) As the dielectric slab is pulled out, the equivalent
surface of the second plate becomes zero. From the capacity of the system decreases, and hence charge
concept in electrostatics that electric field inside the bulk supplied by the battery decreases as potential of the
of the material of conductor is zero, we can find the system remains constant. It means charging of battery
charges on various faces. So it is clear that Q1 + Q2 charge takes place and a positive charge flows form a to b. As the
goes from the second plate to the earth. Charge on two capacitors are connected in series, so charge on both
capacitor is Q1 and hence its potential is Q1 / C. capacitors remains the same at all instants. From energy
0V Q1 0V conservation law,
Ui + Wext = U f + work done on battery +∆H
As dielectric slab is attracted by the plates of capacitors,
–Q1
to pull it out, F has to perform some work, i.e.,
Wext ( F ) > 0 .
ε0 A ε0 A
67. (a, b, d) C = , C′ = q1 q
d1 d2 70. (a, c) 8 − −2− 3 =3
2 2
Extra charge flown = Q′ − Q = (C ′ − C )V
q1 q3
Or 6−3 = +
1 1 2 2
= ε 0 AV  − 
 d 2 d1  q1 + q3 = 6 . . .(i)
Work done by battery is Wb = V × charge flown q1 q2
8− + =2
1 1 2 2
= ε 0 AV 2  −  q1 q2
 d 2 d1  or − =6
2 2
Change in potential energy of capacitor is
q1 − q2 = 12 . . .(ii)
1 1 1 1
∆U = (C ′ − C )V 2 = ε 0 AV  −  Also q1 + q2 = q3 . . .(iii)
2 2  d2 d2 
Solving (i), (ii) and (iii), we get q1 = 6 µC , q2 = −6 µ C
68. (b, c) Initial condition just after the connection of battery:
and q3 = 0

5µF, 500C 71. (b, d) After switch S1 is closed, C1 is charged by 2CV0 ,

Condition after a long time: It means battery suplies 1000 when switch S 2 is closed, C1 and C2 both have plate
µC charge from its positive terminal and an equal and
charge CV0 .
opposite charge enters from its negative terminal, i.e.,
charge flow through battery is 1000 µC. Work done by the When S3 is closed, then upper plate of C2 becomes
battery is Wbattery = 100V × 10 µ C = 0.1 J
3 charged by −CV0 and lower plate by +CV0 .
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Capacitor 341
Assertion and Reason While when man touches the same line, standing bare foot
72. (b) By the formula capacitance of a capacitor on ground the electrical circuit is completed through the
KA K ground. The hands of man are at high potential and his
C1 = ε 0 × ∝
d d feet's are at low potential. Hence large amount of current
C1 K1 d 2 K d /2 1 flows through the body of the man and person therefore
Hence, = × = 1× = gets a fatal shock.
C2 d1 K 2 K 2 3K 6
or C2 = 6C1
Comprehension Based
Q Vσ 2
Again for capacity of a capacitor C = 81. (d)
V d1σ 1 + d 2σ 2
Therefore, capacity of a capacitor does not depend upon
the nature of the material of the capacitor. ε 0V (σ 1 − σ 2 )
82. (b)
d1σ 2 + d 2σ 1
73. (c) In the given case V = V0 (constant)
1 83. (b) Q = Q0 (1 − e−t /τ )
Energy stored in the capacitor = CV 2
2
⇒ Q = CV (1 − e−t /τ ) after time interval 2τ.
C → KC, so energy stored will become A times
Q = CV, so Q will become K times 84. (d) q = Q0 cos ωt
Kq
∴ Surface charge density σ ' = = Kσ 0 . dq
A ⇒ i=− = Q0ω sin ωt
dt
74. (a) Capacitance is basically a geometrical quantity. C
⇒ ikax = CωV = V
75. (e) Battery is disconnected from the capacitor. L

76. (d) The electric field due to one charged plate at the 85. (c)
σ
location of the other is E = and the force per unit 86. (c), 87, (b), 88 (d)
2ε 0
(150 − x) (600 − x)
area is E = σ , 1 + − 200 = 0
3 6
σ2 x = −100 µ C
⇒ E= .
2ε 0
Hence, final charge on 6 µ F capacitor is q1 = 700 µ C and
77. (c) A charged capacitor, after removing the battery, does charge on 3µ F is q2 = 250 µ C
not discharge itself. If this capacitor is touched by q1 = (600 – x) q2 = (150 – x)
someone, he may feel shock due to large charge still
present on the capacitor. Hence it should be handled
1
cautiously otherwise this may cause a severe shock.

78. (c) Equivalent capacitance of parallel combination is

200 V
C p = C1 + C2 + C3 .
Plates 2 and 3 and plates 1 and 4 form isolated system.
79. (b) During take off and landing, the friction between tyres Hence q1 = q2 = q3 = x = −100 µC
and the run way may cause electrification of tyres. Due to
conducting nature of tyre, the charge so collected is Match the Column
conducted to a ground and electrical sparking is avoided.
89. (a) A→1, B→2, C→3, D→4
80. (c) When the bird perches on a single high power line, no
90. (a) A→1, B→2, C→3, D→4
current passes through its body because its body is at
equipotential surface i.e., there is no potential difference. 91. (a) A→ 2; B→ 3,4; C→ 3,4; D→ 1,2,3
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342 Quick Revision NCERT-PHYSICS

Integer C1V1 + C2V2
96. (15) By using V =
92. (3) Let the capacity of Leyden jar with glass dielectric be C1 + C2
K g ε 0 A / d and that for Leyden jar with ebonite as 10 × 100 + C2 × 0
⇒ 40 =
dielectric be K eε 0 A / d . If be the charge on the Leyden jar 10 + C2
with glass as dielectric and V be its potential, then ⇒ C2 = 15µ F
V = qd / K g ε 0 A
ε0 A
On sharing charge with Leyden jar with ebonite dielectric, 97. (4) C = . . .(i)
d
the common potential drops to 0.6 volt.
C V + C2 V2 ε 0 KA
Therefore, common potential = 1 1 C'= . . .(ii)
C1 + C2 2d

( K gε 0 A / d ) × V + 0 C' K
Kg From equation (i) and (ii) =
or 0.6V = = C 2
K g ε 0 A K eε 0 A K g + Ke
+ K
d d ⇒ 2= ⇒K =4
As K e = 2, hence K g = 3 2

ε0 A
93. (6) Resultant capacitance of condensers of capacity 2 µ F 98. (2) Cair = ,
d
and µ F when connected in parallel, C ′ = 2 + 4 = 6 µ F
ε0 A 4
This is connected in series with a capacitor of capacity with dielectric slab C ′ = given C ′ = C
 t  3
6µ F in series. d −t + 
 K
The resultant capacity C is given by:
ε0 A 4 ε0 A
1 1 1 1 ⇒ = ×
= + = or C =3µ F  t  3 d
C 6 6 3 d −t + 
 K
Charge on combination. q = (3 × 10−6 ) × 12 = 36 × 10 −6 C
4t 4(d / 2)
Let the charge on 2 µ F capacitor be q1 ; then ⇒ K= = =2
4t − d 4[(d / 2) − d ]
q1 q − q1 q
= or q1 = 1
2 4 3 99. (3) C ∝
d
∴ q1 = 12 × 10−16 C
Cmedium d 6 6
Now, potential difference across 2µ F capacitor ⇒ = = = =3
Cair t 4 .5 2
d −t+ 6 − 4.5 +
q1 12 × 10−6 K 9
= −6
= = 6 volt
2 × 10 2 × 10−6 100. (6) Volume of eight drops = Volume of big drop
1 1 1 1 4 4
94. (4) = + + ⇒ C eq = 1 µ F 8 × π r 3 = π R3
C eq 2 3 6 3 3
Total charge Q = Ceq.V = 1 × 24 = 24 µC or R=
R
24 2
So, p.d. across 6 µF capacitor = = 4 volt
6 C = 4πε 0 R = 12 µ F

ε0 A Kε 0 A C K
Thus, capacitance of smaller drop is
95. (8) C1 = and C2 = ⇒ 2 =
d 2d C1 2 4πε 0 R 12
C = 4πε 0 r = = = 6µ F
2 2
40 × 10 −12 K
⇒ −12
= ⇒K=8
10 × 10 2

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