Mango

• Botanical Name: Mangifera indica
• Common Names: King of Fruit, National Fruit of

India, Tropical Fruit, Pride Fruit if India,
Bathroom Fruit, Symbol of Love
• Family: Anacardiaceae
• Other crops belong to this Family:
ü Cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale)
ü Pistachio nut (Pistacia vera)
ü Hog plum (Spondias mombin)
ü Indian Hog plum (S. pinnata)
• Chromosome No.: 2n 4X= 40 or Amphidiploid/
Allopolyploid
• Origin: SE Asia (Indo Burma)
• Fruit Type: Drupe
• Edible portion: Mesocarp
ü The immature and green fruit is used in various
ways in curries, pickles and chutneys.
ü Ripe mango slices and pulp can be preserved and
canned for use when the fresh fruit is out of season.
• Inflorescence: Terminal Panical
• Types of Flower: Male & Hermaphrodite
• Flowering period: 2-3 weeks
• Flower buds borne: Old season growth
(Terminal portion)
• No. of Flower per panicle: 1,000-6,000
• Type of Pollination: Cross pollination
• Pollinator: House fly (Musca domestica)
Important facts
Ancient fruits of the country : cultivated for the past
4000-6000 years.
Portuguese were responsible for the world wide

distribution of mango from Indo-Burma and Indo-
China regions.
Rich source of Vitamin A = 4800 IU

Good source of fiber, potassium & antioxidants
TSS in good mango varieties : 20%
Seed kernel contain 9.5 % protein

• Area = Andhra Pradesh
• Production = UP
• Productivity = UP
• India’s rank 1st among world in mango production. It accounts
50 % of the world’s mango production.
• India is also a prominent exporter of mango to the world.
India export to UAE, UK, USA, Oman & Qatar.
• Other major mango producing countries: China, Thailand,
Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil & Egypt.
Climatic requirement
• Tropical fruit, the mango equally grows well under semi-tropical
conditions.
• Mango can grow from sea level to an altitude of about 1500 meters
provided; there is no high humidity, rain or frost during the flowering
period. It thrives equally well from Kanyakumari in south India to sub-
mountainous region in N.India.
• It cannot stand severe frost, especially when the tree is young.
• Mango requires a frost-free dry period at the time of flowering and
sufficient heat during the ripening of the fruit.
• Dry period before blossoming is conducive to profuse flowering.
• Cardinal Temp. Minimum (10° C); Optimum (25 °C) & Maximum (42 °C)
Soil requirement
• Mango can be grown on a wide variety of soils, ranging
from alluvial to lateritic, provided it is deep and well
drained.
• Suitable pH is 6.5-7.0 .
• A soil with good drainage ,permeability, a fair water
holding capacity and ground water at a depth 0f 3-4m
are features of an ideal soil fro mango.
• Very poor, shallow, alkaline, rocky and calcareous soil
should be avoided.
Mango varieties
• Table varieties: Baneshan, Neelum, Bangalora,
Rumani,Alphonso,Mahamooda and Goa bunder.
• Juicy varieties: Chinna rasam, Pedda rasam, Cheruku rasam,
Kothapalli kobbari, Panchadara kalasa. Panakalu, Phirangi laddu.
• Table and juicy varieties: Chinna suvarnarekha , Peter.
• Off-season Varieties: Niranjan, Neelum, Bangalora, Baramasi,
Rumani,Royal special.
• Pickle varieties: Achar pasand, Tellagulabi of Nuzivid, Alipasand,
Guddemar
• (Hamlet)
• Varieties for preservation: Baneshan and Bangalora.
Depending on time of availability:
• Early Varieties: Olour, Rajpuri, Ronnet
Alphonso,Suvarnarekha, Panakalu, Bombay
Green
• Mid-season varieties: Baneshan,Dasheri, Langra,
Mallika, Chinna rasam, Krishna bhog, Peddarasam
etc.
• Late varieties: Mulgoa,Fazli, Amrapali, Janardhan
Pasand, Neelum and Bangalora, Chausa,
Manpasand & Tamuriya
• Polyembryonic varieties of India: Bappakai,
Chandrakaran, Bellary, Goa, Kurukkan, Nileswar
dwarf. Olour, Pahutan, Salem, Mazagoaon,
Mylepalium and vellaikolumban. —These are
common in west coast i.e., Malabar region in west
coast.
• Polyembryonic varieties (exortic): Apricot, Peach,
Simmonds, Higgins, Pico, Sabre, Saigon, Strawberry,
Cambodiana, Turpentine and Carabao.
Mono & Poly Embryonic Mango
Criteria Mono embryonic Poly embryonic
1. No. of Embryo Seeds with a single embryo Seeds with more than one embryos
2. Time of fruiting Seed will take more than 10 Fruiting in as little as two years
years to fruit from seed
3. Nature of The fruits usually differ from Mango seedlings are identical and
progeny plants the parent tree in produce identical mango trees &
appearance, quality and similar to parent
taste, but in general, fruits
are highly colorful.
Polyembryonic Mango
• A polyembryonic seed contains multiple embryos, so several
shoots develop depending on the number of embryos.
• Only one of the shoots originates from fertilization which is
not a true clone of the parent seed.
• All the other seedlings are clones of the mother tree.
• The fertilized seedling is weak and stunted & should be
discarded.
Important wild Species of Mango
Propagation of Mango
• Seeds
• Veener Grafting: Popular in N.
India
• Inarching: Popular in S. India
• Stone / Epicotyl Grafting:
Konkan region of Maharastra
ü Mango stone takes 15-25 D
for germination
Spacing
• Planting done in July to August with normal spacing is
10 X 10 m
• Square method of planting is common
• 2.5 X 2.5 m : Amarpali
• Inter-cropping: The leguminous intercrops (cowpea
and french bean), vegetables (bhendi, cowpea,
potato ,cucurbits) and turmeric is common
Nutrient Management
Irrigation
• Summer season: when plant is young, irrigate the plant at 5-6 days
interval & 2-5 years old plant irrigated at 10 days interval.
• Irrigation may be beneficial from February to June. This stop the fruit
drop and helps in development of fruit size.
• When the trees are in full bearing stage, generally 2-3 irrigations are
given between fruit set and fruit development.
• It is better to avoid irrigations before harvesting for better quality of
the fruit.
• Basin system of irrigation is generally followed to economize water.
Harvesting indices:
• Attainment of full size of a variety is indicated by stoppage of increase in size and
flesh becomes soft.
• Appearance of Whitish waxy layer, characteristic colour or spots on the skin and
development of typical flavour of a variety are also important indications of
maturity.
• When a few ripe fruits have fallen on their own accord from the tree, the rest of
the fruits are considered sufficiently mature.
• The sap which exudes at the stem end on picking a mature fruit is thick and dries
quickly.
• Generally a specific gravity of 1.01 and 1.02 and TSS of 12 to 15 %
• Physical development of the fruit such as rounding of ventral edge, development
of beak, outgrowing of shoulders, filling up of hollow at the stem end, broadening
of apical end should also be considered for judging the maturity of the fruit.
Harvesting
• The usual practice, knocking down the fruits or shaking the
trees violently to get the fruit down need to be discouraged. If
the fruit is hanging high, it should be picked up with the help
of a step ladder.
• The fruits should always be harvested and the harvested fruits
are placed in canvass bags or padded baskets and carried to
the packing house.
• A small fruit stalk should be kept with the fruit at the time of
harvesting helps in keeping the fruits in better condition in
transportation and storage.
Yield
• The yield of mango depends on no. of factors like age of the
plant, soil fertility, climatic conditions, variety, type of plant
material like graft or seedling, management of the orchard
etc.
• A mango tree having an age of 5 years bears about 200
fruits and 10-20 years bears a crop of 500-1000 fruits
during an “on” year.
• During 20-40 years its yield may range between 1000-3000
fruits.
Important MCQs related to
Mango Crop
Q1. Which variety of Mango has highest
TSS ?
a. Langra
b. Xavier
c. Alphanso
d. Chausa
Answer (B)
Q2. Which variety of Mango is rich in Vitamin
C?
a. Mallika
b. Alphanso
c. Bombay Green
d. Both b & c
Answer: (c)
Q3. What is optimum temperature (°C) for
storage of Mango ?
a. 20
b. 10
c. 15
d. 13
Answer: (d)
Q4. Which of the following variety of mango
developed from Stenospermocarpy ?
a. Amarpali
b. Alphanso
c. Swarn rekha
d. Sindhu
Answer: (d)
Q5. The Alphanso var. Of mango is more susceptible
to Spongy nose disorder. What is the remedy of
this disorder ?
a. Paclobutrazol @ 10 g/l
b. GA3 @ 50 ppm
c. Monocrotophos
d. All the above
Answer: (b)
agriculture.gk
@agriculturegk
Agriculture & GK

Mango

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mango

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mango

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

• Botanical Name: Mangifera indica

• Common Names: King of Fruit, National Fruit of

Portuguese were responsible for the world wide

Rich source of Vitamin A = 4800 IU

TSS in good mango varieties : 20%

Seed kernel contain 9.5 % protein

You might also like