NAT. CROAT. VOL.

32 No 2 511-521 ZAGREB December 30, 2023

original scientific paper/izvorni znanstveni rad

DOI 10.20302/NC.2023.32.33

TESTING OF POTATO CULTIVARS IN

THE TIRANA REGION CONDITIONS
Valbona Hobdari*1 & Sokrat Jani2
1
Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
(vhobdari@ubt.edu.al)
2
Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
(sjani@ubt.edu.al)

Hobdari, V. & Jani, S.: Testing of potato cultivars in the Tirana region conditions. Nat. Croat.,
Vol. 32, No. 2, 511-521, Zagreb, 2023.
The potato is a very important crop in Albania and the cultivation of new cultivars with high pro-
ductivity and better quality is very significant. This study was conducted to test some imported culti-
vars of potato and explore some features in their characterization and evaluation, with the aim of in-
creasing interest in those that are the best for Albanian farmers, as well as for other studies. Thirteen
potato cultivars of foreign origin were tested in a field trial for their morphological and agronomical
characteristics under the climatic conditions of the Tirana region. It was found that among the potato
cultivars studied there is a significant variation, both in the characterization traits (qualitative traits)
and in the evaluation traits (quantitative traits). Drawing on the conclusions reached, we recommend
the most suitable cultivars for cultivation in this region.
Keywords: cultivars, quality, potato, testing, variation

Hobdari, V. & Jani, S.: Testiranje kultivara krumpira u uvjetima Tiranske regije. Nat. Croat., Vol.
32, No. 2, 511-521, Zagreb, 2023.
Krumpir je u Albaniji vrlo važan usjev te je kultiviranje novih kultivara s visokom produktivnošću
i boljom kvalitetom vrlo značajno. Ovo istraživanje je provedeno da bi se testiralo uvezene kultivare
krumpira te da bi se istražila njihova svojstva za daljnju evaluaciju, s ciljem promoviranja onih kultivara
koji bi bili najbolji za albanske seljake, i za druga istraživanja. Na pokusnoj plohi u klimatskim uvjeti-
ma Tiranske regije testitane su morfološke i agronomske osobine 13 kultivara krumpira uvoznog pori-
jekla. Utvrđeno je da među testiranim kultivarima postoje značajne varijacije, kako u kvalitativnim,
tako i u kvantitativnim osobinama. Slijedom dobivenih zaključaka, donosimo preporuke za kultivara
najpogodnijih za uzgoj u ovoj regiji.
Ključne riječi: kultivari, kvaliteta, krumpir, testiranje, varijacije

INTRODUCTION
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop and it has good nutritional
value. It is ranked the 3rd crop in terms of total production, with over 365 million tons
per year (FAO, 2013), after rice and wheat (Virupaksh et al., 2016).
It remains an essential crop in Europe, especially in Northern and Eastern Europe,
where per capita production is still the highest in the world, while the most rapid
expansion in production over the past few decades has occurred in southern and ea-
stern Asia, with China and India leading the world in overall production as of 2018
(Anon., 2023).

*Corresponding author
512 Hobdari, V. & Jani, S.: Testing of potato cultivars in the Tirana region conditions

Apart from the 5,000 cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and
subspecies, many of which can be cross-bred with cultivated varieties. The major spe-
cies grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and
modern varieties of this species are the most widely cultivated (Anon., 2023).
Cultivar selection is very important for growers trying to market quality products.
Estévez et al. (1982) studied the factors affecting tuber yield in potato cultivars. They
observed that the number of tubers per plant, average tuber weight and plant height
were most closely related to tuber yield (Mohammadi et al., 2010).
Individuals of a population, even though they have the same genetic factors, when
cultivated in different environmental conditions, give different phenotypes (Xhuveli
& Salillari, 1984).
The environmental conditions of the cultivated potato are various and for this reason it
is necessary for different varieties to be cultivated sustainably in different agroclimate
conditions. Use of the new varieties has a special role in that task. Since 1992 imported
potato seeds have been introduced in Albania (Mecollari et al., 2002).
The production of the potato is increased using new varieties more suitable in the diffe-
rent regions (Elezi, 2013).
During the field testing we identified the planting period for each new variety (Salceni
et al., 2000). The observations carried out indicated that the same cultivars have a 3-4 days
longer vegetative period in the Korca than in the Tirana region (Elezi & Mecollari, 2001).
The goal of the study is to test and investigate the productivity potential of different varie-
ties and to identify which variety to choose for best adaptation to the climatic and soil
conditions of the farms where it will be cultivated (Rusinovci et al., 2001). One of the main
reasons for low potato yields is the planting of unsuitable varieties (Kaciu & Salceni, 2001).
The improvement of the varietal structure with new varieties necessarily requires their
preliminary study in field, which includes testing trials in different areas (Bardhi et al.,
2007). The potato cultivars planted in Albania are valued for early ripening with the aim
of ensuring production for export as well as for the purpose of use, for fresh consumption
or for industry (Mecollari et al., 2002).

Materials and methods

The study was conducted during 2019 at the experimental base of the Plant Genetic
Resources Institute, near the Agricultural University of Tirana, in Valias (19°43'59.90"E;
41°24'04.30"N; altitude 39 m). We studied 13 imported potato cultivars with the
following numbers: Gala (CV1), Maima (CV2), Blondine (CV3), Fokus (CV4), Universa
(CV5), Alaska (CV6), Groky (CV7), Grescenda (CV8), Estrella (CV9), Spectra (CV10),
Fanisango (CV11), Daunia (CV12), Kenzia (CV13).
The field trial was set up according to randomized block designs, with three repli-
cations. Each variant was raised in an area of 6.3 m2 for each replication, being repre-
sented by 3 rows of 10 plants each. Planting was done in furrows at 70 cm between
rows and 30 cm between plants, providing 47,600 plants/ha. Planting was done in
March. Potato agrotechnical services were performed, depending on the concrete con-
ditions. Field observations were made, and plant growth and development stages were
recorded, as well as data on plant height, number of stems per plant, number of tubers
per plant, size and quality of tubers, shape and color were recorded of the tuber.
Nat. Croat. Vol. 32(2), 2023 513

Study data (mean values) were subjected to analysis of variance using ANOVA.
Correlation coefficients were grouped according to the classes: r = ± 0.3 weak correla-
tion; r = ± 0.3 to ± 0.5 medium correlation relation; r = ± 0.5 to ± 0.7 good correlation and
r = ± 0.7 to ± 0.9 strong correlation (Xhuveli & Salillari, 1984).

Results and discussion

Germination of the cultivars in the study occurred 13–17 days after sowing (Tab. 1).
Differences among the cultivars in the study were observed for the germination–flowe-
ring period. Thus, for example, the average period for all 13 cultivars was 61.3 days ,
while the minimum and maximum periods were 51 days (Grescenda) and 72 days
(Gala); two cultivars (Blondine and Spectra) had a period of 55 days, etc. Cultivars also
differed in the germination–maturity period. Thus, for example, cultivars Blondine and
Grescenda had the shortest period (75 days), while cultivar Gala had the longest peri-
od 1 (92 days), two cultivars (Estrella and Fanisango) had a germination–maturity
period of 88 days, etc., from 81.8 days, which was the average period for all genotypes
under study (Tab. 1).
The fact that, at a quick glance, the potato accessions in the study varied in those
morphological characteristics that were examined, shows that we are dealing with
different potato cultivars. For flower color, potato cultivars are divided into two groups,
9 cultivars (69.2%) formed white flowers (code 1) and 4 cultivars (30.8%) had light
purple flowers (code 6). Similarly, for the color of the tuber skin, the accessions were
divided into two groups; from 13 cultivars 10 (76.9%) had white–creamy tuber skin
(code 1) and only 3 cultivars (23.1%) had yellow skin (code 2) (Tab. 2). Although for the
color of the tuber flesh the cultivars were divided into two groups, the variation for
this trait was weak; 12 cultivars (92.3%) had yellow flesh (code 4), one cultivar had
yellow–creamy flesh (code 3).

Tab. 1. Planting, germination and periods of growth and development of cultivars.

Planting– Germination– Germination–

Cultivars Planting–maturity
germination flowering maturity
Gala 14 72 92 106
Maima 17 68 86 103
Blondine 16 55 75 92
Fokus 14 66 78 93
Universa 16 67 86 102
Alaska 14 69 83 97
Groky 17 66 85 102
Grescenda 13 51 75 88
Estrella 15 58 88 103
Spectra 13 55 78 91
Fanisango 15 58 88 103
Daunia 13 56 81 94
Kenzia 13 56 81 94
Average 13.7 61.3 81.8 95.5
514 Hobdari, V. & Jani, S.: Testing of potato cultivars in the Tirana region conditions

For tuber shape, potato cultivars were divided into three groups: 3 cultivars (23.1%)
had round tubers (code 2), 2 cultivars (15.4%) had ovate tubers (code 3) and 8 cultivars
(61.5%) had reverse obovate tubers, code 4 (Tab. 2).
The use value of potato tubers was also evaluated. Although the use value is subje-
ctive, the study showed that there is variation among the 13 potato cultivars. According
to this assessment, potato cultivars are divided into three groups; for example, “Very
good for baking and boiling” was one cultivar (Gala); 9 cultivars (Maima, Blondine,
Fokus, Groky, Grescenda, Estrella, Fanisango, Daunia and Kenzia) were rated as “Good
for baking and boiling” and three cultivars (Universa, Alaska and Spectra) were rated
as “Very good for baking, frying and boiling”.
The identification and recognition of the morphological characteristics of various
genotypes are important mainly for the identification and recognition of genotypes in
order to distinguish them from one another.
We examined and analyzed the quantitative traits to find the possibility of choosing
the most suitable genotype (cultivar) for cultivation, with the highest production and
the best quality indicators, which is in the interest of not only the grower (or the farmer)
but also of the consumer.
Initially, the study data were subjected to analysis of variance through the ANOVA.
From the variance analysis for genotypic differences, it was found that among the
potato cultivars the differences for all quantitative traits among them were statistically
significant at the P<0.01 level, while for the replications there were differences only in
tuber weight, at the P<0.05 level (Tab. 3).

Tab. 2. Some morphological characteristics and value of potato cultivars.

Flower and tuber color

Tuber
Cultivars Tuber Use value
Flower shape
Skin Flesh
Gala White White–creamy Yellow 2 Very good for baking and boiling
Maima White Yellow Yellow 4 Good for baking and boiling
Blondine White Yellow Yellow 2 Good for baking and boiling
Fokus White White–creamy Yellow 4 Good for baking and boiling
Universa White White–creamy Yellow 4 Very good for baking, frying and boiling
Alaska White White–creamy Yellow 4 Very good for baking, frying and boiling
Groky White White–creamy Yellow- 4 Good for baking and boiling
cream
Grescenda Light White–creamy Yellow 4 Good for baking and boiling
purple
Estrella Light White–creamy Yellow 4 Good for baking and boiling
purple
Spectra Light Yellow Yellow 4 Very good for baking, frying and boiling
purple
Fanisango White White–creamy Yellow 3 Good for baking and boiling
Daunia White White–creamy Yellow 3 Good for baking and boiling
Kenzia Light White–creamy Yellow 2 Good for baking and boiling
purple
Nat. Croat. Vol. 32(2), 2023 515

Tab. 3. Analysis of variance data for potato traits.

F factual
Source of
df Plant height Primary Tuber Set/ Tubers/ Tuber Productivity
variation
(cm) Stem/plant Hill stem weight (kv/ha)
Cultivars 12 212,380858** 98,996904** 26,595636** 174,500264** 3279,575052** 12,498258**
Replication 2 2,952756 0,2 1,0 0,17 5,333897* 0,3
** - P≤0.01; * - P≤0.05

Based on the analysis of variance, we continue with the examination of the data
according to the cultivars for the six quantitative traits.
For the height of the plant, the study showed that there were significant differences
between the potato cultivars (Tab. 4, Fig. 1). Thus, for example, out of 69.4 cm which
was the average plant height for all 13 potato cultivars, the shortest plant was 45.3 cm
in cultivar Maima, followed by cultivar Fokus by 48.0 cm, etc. Cultivars with the tallest
plants were Fanisango and Estrella at 102.7 and 88.3 cm, respectively.
Potato cultivars also differed in the number of primary stems per plant. For example,
of the 4.1 stems per plant that was the average of all cultivars, the lowest number was
in cultivars Blondine, Fokus, etc., with 2.9 and 3.2 stems per plant respectively, while
the largest number was in Grescenda with 5.5 stems, Kenzia with 5.2 stems and Spectra
with 5.0 stems, etc. (Tab. 4, Fig. 2). Even for the number of tubers per plant there was
significant variation among cultivars. From 17.7 which was the average number of
tubers per plant, the smallest number was 11.0 in cultivar Gala, 12.3 to Universa, whi-
le the largest number was 25.2 tubers per plant in Spectra, followed by Estrella with
20.3 tubers and Kenzia with 19.7 tubers per plant (Tab. 4, Fig. 3). The number of tubers
that the plant gives also depends on the number of stems that it forms and develops.
Even for this trait, the potato cultivars had a significant variation. For example, from
4.2 tubers which was the average number, their smallest number was 2.9 tubers in
cultivar Gala, while the largest number was 5.0 in cultivars Blondine and Spectra,
followed by cultivar Estrella with 4.9 tubers per plant stem (Tab. 4, Fig. 4).
The power of the tuber developing plant is expressed in the number of tubers that
it sets and in the size of the tubers. The study data show that the average tuber weight
was very different in different cultivars. Thus, out of 155.2 g which was the average
tuber weight for all cultivars, 3 cultivars (Spectra, Kenzia and Estrella) had tubers
weighing less, 123.2, 124.2 and 124.8 g. Cultivar Alaska had the tuber with the largest
weight, with the average weight of 201.8 g, i.e. 1.6 times greater than the minimum
weight (123.2 g), followed by cultivar Gala with the average weight of the tuber 192.2
g (Tab. 4, Fig. 5).
The study also evaluated the distribution of production (in %) according to the size
of the tuber; this indicator helps to evaluate the production rate for the market, remo-
ving the small tubers that are part of the production but have no commercial value,
even though they can be used for other purposes. In general, among the potato cultivars
under study, the small tubers are in a small percentage; however, even for this indica-
tor there are differences between them (Tab. 5). For example, in 4 cultivars (Gala, Ma-
ima, Fokus and Alaska) small tubers account for less than 2 percent of the harvested
production. But there are also cultivars that have more small tubers in their producti-
516 Hobdari, V. & Jani, S.: Testing of potato cultivars in the Tirana region conditions

on, such as cultivars Groky and Fanisango in which small tubers make up 6.0 percent
of production, while the largest percentage of these tubers was 21.0 percent in cultivar
Grescenda, followed by cultivars Estrella and Kenzia in which these tubers constitute
respectively 11.1 and 10.4 percent of the total production.
The position occupied by medium-sized tubers, which may be most desired by the
consumer, varied widely among the potato cultivars studied. Thus, in cultivar Kenzia
these tubers make up 83.1 percent of production, followed by cultivars Estrella with
63.2 percent and cultivar Daunia with 61.5 percent, etc. Cultivar Alaska has the lowest
percentage of these tubers with 14.74 percent and Gala with 15.53 percent. According
to large tubers cultivars Alaska and Gala have the highest percentage of these tubers,
respectively with 83.13 and 83.00 percent.

Tab. 4. Quantitative trait data of potato cultivars.

Quantitative trait values

Cultivars Plant Height Primary Stem Tuber Set per Tubers per Tuber weight
(cm) per plant hill Stem (g)
Gala 65,4im 3,7fh 11,0eg 2,9lp 192,2fh
Maima 45,3ns 4,7cd 17,1de 3,6il 134,7
Blondine 54,9lp 2,9hk 15,4df 5,0de 161,1v~
Fokus 48,0nr 3,2gj 13,3ef 4,0gj 185,6il
Universa 73,5gj 3,4gi 12,3eg 3,5jm 173,5pu
Alaska 66,4il 4,6cd 14,7df 3,2kn 201,8a
Groky 74,7gj 3,4gi 14,1ef 4,0gj 162,3 v}
Grescenda 77,0gi 5,5a 32,4a 5,8a 150,5 |†
Estrella 88,3de 4,1ef 20,3cd 4,9de 124,8
Spectra 69,1ik 5,0bc 25,2bc 5,0de 123,2
Fanisango 102,7a 3,6fh 16,1de 4,5fh 144,5
Daunia 70,6hk 4,3de 18,6de 4,3fh 138,7
Kenzia 66,7il 5,2ab 19,7cd 3,4jm 124,2
Average 69,4 4,1 17,7 4,2 155,2
D01 4,2 cm 0,3 4,5 0,26 1,9 g
D05 3,1 cm 0,2 3,3 0,19 1,4 g

Fig. 1. Plant height of potato cultivars

Nat. Croat. Vol. 32(2), 2023 517

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Number
Number of
of stems
stems per
per plant
plant of
of potato
potato cultivars
cultivars

Fig. 3. Number tubers per hill of potato cultivars

Fig. 4. Number of tubers per primary stem of potato cultivars

518 Hobdari, V. & Jani, S.: Testing of potato cultivars in the Tirana region conditions

Fig. 5. Tuber weight of potato cultivars

Tab. 5. Production frequency by tuber size, in percent

Production by tuber size groups, in %

Accessions
Small Medium Large
Gala 1,47 15,53 83,00
Maima 1,54 41,31 57,15
Blondine 2,28 33,89 63,83
Fokus 1,96 27,62 70,42
Universa 1,63 31,59 66,76
Alaska 2,13 14,74 83,13
Groky 6,00 21,07 72,93
Grescenda 21,0 40,10 38,90
Estrella 11,1 63,20 25,70
Spectra 3,60 54,60 41,80
Fanisango 6,00 51,30 42,70
Daunia 3,50 61,50 35,00
Kenzia 10,4 83,10 6,50

Of course, the final goal of cultivating agricultural crops, including potatoes, is the
yield of the cultivar. Every potato grower would prefer to choose for cultivation the
cultivar that gives the highest yield and the best quality of production. It is in this
perspective that we should examine the data of the study of 13 potato cultivars. Based
on these data (Tab. 6; Fig. 6) we can see that all cultivars have generally given high
yields. However, although cultivars generally show higher production capacities in
experimental trials than in large–scale production conditions, there are notable diffe-
rences in actual production. Thus, for example, the first group for the highest yield,
based on D01, includes the two cultivars Alaska and Fokus with respectively 1,045.5 kv/
ha and 890.4 sq/ha. Six cultivars (Blondine, Spectra, Kenzia, Groky, Universa and Ma-
ima) belong to the second group for yield level, respectively with yields of 757.9 kv/
ha, 749.3 kv/ha, 708.5 kv/ha, 695.2 kv/ha, 667.7 kv/ha and 667.2 kv/ha; cultivar Estrella
gave the lowest yield which was 344.7 kv/ha.
Nat. Croat. Vol. 32(2), 2023 519

Tab. 6. Productivity of potato cultivars, kv/ha.

Productivity
Accessions Productivity by repetition
Average Productivity
I II III
Gala 592,7 639,7 595,2 609,2cd
Maima 654,0 673,0 674,6 667,2bc
Blondine 708,0 830,1 735,6 757,9bc
Fokus 895,2 854,0 922,0 890,4ab
Universa 671,4 646,0 685,7 667,7bc
Alaska 1036,5 977,8 1122,2 1045,5a
Groky 709,5 685,7 690,5 695,2bc
Grescenda 658,7 695,2 638,0 664,0c
Estrella 507,9 482,5 43,8 344,7df
Spectra 747,6 733,3 767,0 749,3bc
Fanisango 458,7 479,4 533,3 490,5cd
Daunia 669,8 641,3 611,1 640,7c
Kenzia 711,1 676,2 738,1 708,5bc
Average productivity of all cultivars 687,0
D01 189,6
D05 139,9

Fig. 5. Tuber weight of potato cultivars

From the data of correlation coefficients there are 3 positive correlations. Two corre-
lations: the number of primary stems per plant with the number of tubers per plant
(r23=0.76**) and the number of tubers per plant with the number of tubers per primary
stem (r34=0.76**) were strong and validated at the P< 0.01, while the relationship between
productivity and tuber weight (r56=0.57*) is a good correlation and confirmed at the P<
0.05 level. It seems that the correlations found in this study are reliable because cultivars
Alaska (1,045.5 kv/ha) and Fokus (890.4 kv/ha) had good and very good values for the
number of primary stems per plant, the number of tubers per primary stem and per
plant. Therefore, rapid field evaluation of potato cultivars for production even relying
on the number of primary stems per plant can be effective.
520 Hobdari, V. & Jani, S.: Testing of potato cultivars in the Tirana region conditions

CONCLUSIONS
We can conclude that the 13 potato cultivars included in the study showed distinct
variations in all morphological characteristics and quantitative traits.
For plant height the 13 potato cultivars showed good variation: 69.4 cm was the
average height, while the extreme values were 45.3 cm and 102.7 cm;
For the number of primary stems per plant, 4.1 was the general average, and the
smallest and largest numbers were, respectively, 2.9 and 5.5 primary stems per plant;
For the number of tubers per plant, 17.7 was the overall average, while the lowest
number was 11.0 tubers and the highest number was 25.2 tubers;
The average number of tubers per primary stems was 4.2, while the smallest and
largest numbers were 2.9 and 5.0 tubers per stem, respectively.
The weights of the tubers varied widely:155.2 g/tuber was the average weight, whi-
le largest tuber was 201.8 g and the smallest 123.2 g;
Even for the ratio of tuber sizes to total production there was wide variation. Medi-
um tubers accounted for 83.1 percent of production to 14.74 percent of total producti-
on;
Although productivity data were generally high, the best cultivars in productivity
were Alaska (1,045.5 kv/ha) and Fokus (890.4 kv/ha). The lowest productivity was 344.7
kv/ha (Estrella);
The variation among cultivars may be important for potato genetic improvement.
According to the study data, the highest yield for the conditions of Tirana was given
by cultivar Alaska followed by cultivar Fokus.
Received August 31, 2023

REFERENCES
Anon, 2023: Wikipedia History of the potato (https://tinyurl.com/58dyuajj) (Accessed in 2023).
Bardhi, N., Salceni, A., Subashi, Y. & Borici, Xh., 2007. Studimi krahasues i disa varieteteve te patates ne
Bazen Eksperimentale te IPP Tirane. Agricultural University of Tirana. Revista Shqiptare e Shkencave
Bujqesore 6 (9), 10-14.
FAO, 2013. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Elezi, F. & Meçollari, E., 2001: Testing some potato cultivars. Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences 1, 49-56.
Elezi F., 2013: The productivity analysis of some potato varieties in the agro ecological conditions in
Albania. IXth International Symposium, Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable use for Rural De-
velopment. Tirana, November 27, 2013. BLEKALB Foundation, ISBN: 9789928407092, 180-183.
Estévez, M.P., Orús, M.I. & Vicente, C., 1982: Desfoliación de Quercus rotundifolia inducida por Evernia
prunastri en condiciones naturales y simuladas. In: Estudios sobre Biologia. Libro homenaje al Profe-
sor D. Florencio Bustinza Lachiondo, pp. 117–131, Vicente. C., Municio, A.M., coord Editorial de la
Universidad Complutense, Madrid
Kaciu, S. & Salceni, A., 2001: Krahasimi zonal i kultivareve te patates ne disa rajone te Kosoves. 13. Bu-
letini i Shkencave Bujqesore, 2/2001, p.63- 68. Tirane.
Mecollari, E., Salceni A. & Selaci, F., 2002: Patatja. IFDC.
Mecollari, E. & Selaci, F., 2003: Prodhimi i fares se patates.
Mohammadi, J., Khasmakhi-Sabet, S.A., Olfati, J.A., Dadashpour, A., Lamei, J. & Salehi, B., 2010: Com-
parative Studies of Some New Potato Cultivars and Their Morphological Characteristics. https://www.
biotech-asia.org/?p=8935
Rusinovci, I., Salillari, A., Pudja, A. & Gjet, Z., 2001: Pataja dhe kultivimi i saj. Prishtine, Kosove.
Nat. Croat. Vol. 32(2), 2023 521

Salceni, A., Teneqexhi, K. & Binishi, P., 2000: Studimi krahasues i kultivareve te patates ne kushtet e
rrethit te Pogrdecit. Buletini i Shkencave Bujqesore 3/2000 p. 51-56.
Virupaksh P., Sundaresha, S., Prashant, G. K. & Vinay B., 2016: Biology of Solanum tuberosum. (Potato).
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and Central Potato Research In-
stutute, Shimla and UNEP/GEF Supported Phase II Capacity Building Project on Biosafety.
Xhuveli, L. & Salillari, A., 1984: Basics of scientific experimentation in agriculture, f.68; 75. Tiranë.