Chap 1
Chap 1
Chap 1
1
Cryptography
• Cryptography is associated with the process of converting ordinary plain text into unintelligible
text and vice-versa. It is a method of storing and transmitting data in a particular form so that
only those for whom it is intended can read and process it. Cryptography not only protects data
from theft or alteration, but can also be used for user authentication.
2
Hashing
3
Encoding
4
Encrypting
Encryption Types :
Symmetric Encryption
• Same Key E&D
Asymmetric Encryption
• Deferent Key E&D
5
Encrypting
6
Encrypting
7
Encrypting
8
Encrypting
9
Encrypting
10
HTTP n HTTPS
11
HTTP n HTTPS
12
HTTP n HTTPS
13
Domain
14
DNS
15
DNS
16
IP Address
214.67.34.129
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
17
NAT
Mohammed | 192.168.1.2
192.168.1.1 Ali | 192.168.1.3
Message WAN Router Ramiz | 192.168.1.4
Samer | 192.168.1.5
Public IP Yousef | 192.168.1.6
18
DHCP
Router
DHCP : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 192.168.1.1
Laptop PC Mobile
192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4
19
ARP
192.168.1.4
Router
ARP : Address Resolution Protocol 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2
192.168.1.3
PC Mobile ARP
Laptop
192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4
192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1
20
MAC Address
Counter : 00-00-00-00-00-00
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
21
Network Topology
22
Network Types
23
Network Types
24
OSI Model
25
OSI Model
26
Application Layer
27
Presentation Layer
Application Translation
ASCII
10 MB
Hello !
Presentation 72 101 108 108 111 1010111100110101
How Are U ? 32 33 32 11 72
111 119 32 65 114 101 Data Compression
32 85 32 63 32 10
3 MB 100101
Data Encryption
SSL
011000
Secure
Socket
Layer
28
Session Layer
Application
Presentation
Server
Session Computer
Presentation
Flow Control
30
Transport Layer
Application
Segmentation
The Speed Internet
Presentation Of Server is : 150 Mbps
Flow Control
5 Mbps
Transport Computer
Server
50 Mbps
The Speed Internet
of Computer is : 5 Mbps
31
Transport Layer
Application
Port , Port , Port ,
Segmentation Seq. Seq. Seq.
Data Unit Data Unit Data Unit
Presentation
Flow Control Automatic Repeat Request
Checksum
Transport Port , Port ,
Seq. Seq.
Data Unit Data Unit
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
UDP : User Datagram Protocol
32
Network Layer
Application Logical Address Sender Receiver
IP1 IP2
Presentation Routing
Path Determine Segment
Session IP1 & IP2
Transport Packets
Network
33
Network Layer
Application Logical Address
Presentation Routing
Path Determine Facebook 192.168.1.8
Session
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.5
Transport 192.168.1.8
Network Network
Network 2
Packets
1
34
Network Types
Application Logical Address
Sender
Presentation Routing
Path Determine 1
Session
2
Transport 6
3
5
Network Receiver
4
35
Data Link
Application MAC 1 : Sender
Data Packet
Presentation
MAC 2 : Receiver
MAC 1 MAC 2 IP 1 & IP2 Segment Tail
Session
Transport Frame
Network
Data Link
36
Physical
Application
Session
Packet
Transport Sender IP Receiver IP Segment Network Layer
Network
Frame
Data Link Sender Receiver
MAC MAC
Packet FCS Data Link Layer 5V 1
Physical
Frame Like : 10111001100110011111001010 0
38
PORTS
Most Ports Must Be Known
Protocol NAME TYPE PORT
DNS Domain Name System TCP/UDP 53
SMTP Simple Main Transfer Protocol TCP 25
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol TCP 80
HTTPS Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure TCP 443
FTP Control File Transfer Protocol Control TCP 21
FTP Data File Transfer Protocol Data TCP 20
SMB Server Message Block TCP 445
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol TCP 67,68
SSH Secure Shell TCP 22
TELNET Telnet TCP 23
POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 TCP 110
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol UDP 161 39
TCP vs UDP
40
TCP vs UDP
41
TCP vs UDP
42
Repeater
43
HUB
1 2
44
HUB
45
HUB
46
Bridge
47
Bridge
48
SWITCH
49
ROUTER
192.168.1.0
10.2.3.0
50
Access Point
51
Firewall
52
Firewall
53
Firewall
54
IDS / IPS
55
IDS / IPS
56
BUS Topology
57
Star Topology
58
Ring Topology
59
Mesh Topology
60
IDS / IPS
61