SIM - Week 4 - 5 (A) - GE15 - SECOND EXAM
SIM - Week 4 - 5 (A) - GE15 - SECOND EXAM
SIM - Week 4 - 5 (A) - GE15 - SECOND EXAM
BIG PICTURE
METALANGUAGE
In this section, essential terms relevant to human population growth, its patterns,
history, and implication to the natural resource will be operationally defined for you to
comprehend ULO-b. You will also be required to refer to the previous definitions found
in ULO-a to connect with the topic discuss under the lesson unit. These are some key
terms that will enable you to grasp the core areas of environmental science.
1. Population. It is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn from a
different group of individuals.
1.1. A population is referring to an entire group of people of different races,
sexuality, and status; objects like material things; events like social
gatherings; hospital or school visitations, and measurements of a distinct
boundary.
2. Demographic Transition. It refers to the shift in the history of birth and death
rates in society because of the absence of science and technology
advancements. There is also an issue on the economic and educational
development, particularly in women that may cause the demographic transition.
6. Fecundity it is referring in two ways; human demography has the potential for
the reproduction of a listed population as opposed to a single organism. For the
study in the biological community, it is similar to fertility, wherein it is a natural way
to produce offspring.
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10. Biodiversity - Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area—
the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that
make up our natural world.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
PEOPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Humans and the environment, in which our daily lives take place, are intricately
interwoven. Our activities are having an increasingly dramatic and negative impact
on wildlife and ecosystems, endangering not only wild species but also our own
survival. Despite the fact that we completely rely on nature for essential, life-
sustaining services like clean air and water, a predictable climate, and food, these
effects are only getting worse. The unfortunate reality is that we are mostly using the
planet's resources to fulfill our short-term demands, and those who will suffer the
most are the most vulnerable or don't have a voice in how those resources are used
(such as future generations).
Making sure that development and expansion take place without causing
environmental harm and enriching people's daily lives without depleting the
environment is one of the main issues of the twenty-first century. Governments and
people may need to make some challenging decisions about how we define and
reward success in the future.
HUMAN POPULATION
Usually, in discussions of population dynamics, birth, death, and growth rates are
expressed as percentages (the number per 100 individuals). The human population is
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so huge that percentages are too crude a measure, so it is common to state these rates
in terms of the number per 1,000, referring to the crude rate. Thus, we have the crude
birth rate, crude death rate, and crude growth rate. More specifically, here is a list of
terms that are used frequently in discussions of human population change and will be
useful to us in this book from time to time.
https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/population-
growth/#:~:text=Human%20population%20growth%20impacts%20the,wildlife%2C%20especially%20in%20the%20
oceans.
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The expansion of the human population has a range of effects on the Earth
system, including:
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https://greensaver.org/insights/why-is-it-important-to-conserve-biodiversity/
All of the species that are still living today have developed distinctive
characteristics through many generations that set them apart from other species.
Scientists distinguish between species based on these differences. Different species of
organism are those that can no longer procreate with one another due to their divergent
evolutionary paths. All living things that can reproduce sexually belong to the same
species. Given that there is still a lot of species to be discovered, scientists are curious
about how much biodiversity there is on a global basis. They also research the number
of species that can be found in a single environment, such as a lake, grassland, tundra,
or woodland. Beetles, snakes, antelopes, and many other species can be found on a
single meadow. The warm, humid temperature of tropical regions is an example of an
optimum environmental setting for plant growth in ecosystems that support the greatest
biodiversity. Species that are too small to perceive with the naked eye can also exist in
ecosystems. Microscopically examining soil or water samples reveals a vast array of
bacteria and other microscopic creatures.
The world has certain regions with greater biodiversity than others, including parts
of Mexico, South Africa, Brazil, the southwestern United States, and Madagascar.
Hotspots are places with exceptionally high biodiversity levels. Hotspots are also home
to endemic species, which can only be found in a single place.For the sake of survival
and the preservation of their ecosystems, all species on Earth cooperate. For instance,
cattle are fed on the grass in pastures. The manure that cattle then create replenishes
soil nutrients and encourages the growth of further grass. Additionally, farmland can be
fertilized with this manure. Humans benefit greatly from many species, especially in the
areas of food, clothing, and medicine.
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However, due to human consumption and other activities that disrupt or even
destroy ecosystems, a large portion of the Earth's biodiversity is under danger. Threats
to biodiversity include population expansion, pollution, and climate change. The rate of
extinction of species has increased at an unheard-of rate as a result of these concerns.
Some scientists predict that during the next century, half of all species on Earth will
become extinct. To maintain biodiversity and safeguard endangered species and their
habitats, conservation measures are required.
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies all living things. It was
developed by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, who lived during the
18th Century, and his system of classification is still used today. Linnaeus
invented binomial nomenclature, the system of giving each type
of organism a genus and species name. He also developed a classification system
called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks from general to
specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/506936501792112432/
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A taxon (plural: taxa) is a group of organisms that are classified as a unit. This can be
specific or general. For example, we could say that all humans are a taxon at the species
level since they are all the same species, but we could also say that humans along with
all other primates are a taxon at the order level, since they all belong to the order
Primates. Species and orders are both examples of taxonomic ranks, which are relative
levels of grouping organisms in a taxonomic hierarchy.
The following is a brief description of the taxonomic ranks that make up the
taxonomic hierarchy. Example of taxonomy is the diagram below, which shows the
classification of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes (sometimes the genus and species names
are the same, even though these are two different ranks).
https://biologydictionary.net/taxonomy/
Many mnemonic devices can be used to remember the order of the taxonomic
hierarchy, such as “Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”.
SELF-HELP
You can refer to the sources below to help you further understand the lesson.
Marten. G.G. 2008. Human Ecology: Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development.
Earthscan, USA
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Botkin, D., and Keller, E., 2011. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 8th
Edition. John Wiley and Sons, USA
LET’S CHECK
Activity 3: Please encircle the answer under each item that best reflects your thinking.
3. Which taxonomic rank is more specific than order but less specific than genus?
a. Genus c. Species
b. Family d. Order
5. It refers to the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live births.
a. Birth rate expectancy c. Doubling time
b. Rate of natural increase d. Cause-specific death rate
7. It refers to the three-stage pattern of change in birth rates and death rates that
has occurred during the process of industrial and economic development.
a. Demographic transition c. Growth rate
b. Sex ratio pattern d. Logistic curve rate
8. The average number of years n individuals can expect to live given the individual's
present age.
a. Life longevity c. Life expectation of living
b. Life expectancy d. Life transition
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At this juncture., you will be required to elaborate your answer supported with literature
and data to the following questions.
IN A NUTSHELL
Activity No. 3. Demographic studies play an important role in studying human
ecology and settlement patterns. It enables urban and environmental planners to design
sustainable communities with the utmost comfort and responsiveness to the growing
population growth and demand for resources. Identifying the key factors affecting
demography will shape the idea of projecting future demand for residential units,
commercial establishments, industrial, and institutional facilities. In this portion of the
group, you will be required to state your arguments or synthesis relevant to the topics
presented on population growth and its effect in biodiversity. I will answer the first two
items, and you will continue the rest.
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3. _______________________________________________________________
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Q&A LIST
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KEYWORD INDEX
Population Death Rate Biodiversity
Growth Demography Taxonomy
Birth Rate Morbidity Organisms
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