Science 8: Quarter 4 Module 1 Week 1

SCIENCE 8
QUARTER 4 MODULE 1 WEEK 1

Human Digestive System
Let’s Understand
All living things need energy to do work. In order to gain energy, organisms need
food and transform it to usable energy that will fuel them on their daily activities. For us to
utilize the energy we need from the foods we eat, we need an organ system that will perform
this transformation and this is our Digestive System.
Our Digestive System serves the following functions: take in food, digestion of food,
absorption of nutrients, assimilation and elimination of undigested food.
The digestive system is subdivided into two groups: the alimentary canal in which
the food passes through and the accessory organs in which they aid in digestion. Below
are the different parts of the Digestive System.
PARTS FUNCTIONS
Mouth - opening where the food enters. It is composed of the teeth, tongue
and salivary glands that helps in tearing, grinding and chewing of food.
Salivary - produces saliva, mucus and salivary amylase, enzymes that moistens
glands and softens the food and at the same time it breaks the carbohydrate
content of the food eaten. It has 3 kinds: parotid (the biggest),
sublingual, and submaxillary.
Pharynx - also known as throat and serves as passageway of food (bolus on this
part) from the mouth going to the esophagus
Esophagus - muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. Food is
pushed from the pharynx to the stomach by the help of waves of
muscular contractions called peristalsis.
Stomach - muscular organ located on the left side of the abdomen that produces
digestive enzymes like pepsin that breaks down food (now called
chyme on this part) into pieces
Small - is a highly coiled organ that absorbs the nutrients present in the food
intestine and is divided into 3 regions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Large - also called a colon that serves as a passageway of undigested food

intestine called feces. It is also the organ that absorbs water from undigested
food.
Rectum - it connects the large intestine and the anus that receives feces.
Anus - is the opening at the end of the digestive tract that removes the feces
in the process called defecation.
Liver - it is a brownish organ that produces bile that breaks down fats
Gallbladder - it is a greenish organ that stores the bile and transport it to the small
intestines
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Pancreas - it produces pancreatic enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats
and proteins. It also secretes insulin and glucagon that regulates the
blood sugar level.
Processes involved in the Digestive System
There are different processes that happen in our digestive system. The first process
begins when the food enters our mouth or is called as ingestion. Once the food enters the
mouth, it will undergo the process of mechanical digestion in which the food is physically
broken into smaller pieces. From the mouth, the food is now mixed with saliva and called
bolus. The bolus will now travel in the stomach via peristaltic movement in the esophagus in
which the chemical digestion happens with the action of different enzymes in the stomach.
INGESTION process of taking in food through the
DIGESTION process of the physical and chemical break
ABSORPTION process of uptaking the nutrients from the
ASSIMILATION process of distributing the nutrients from
ELIMINATION process of removing waste material in the

From the stomach, the bolus becomes a semi-fluid mass of partially digested food called
chyme and will enter the small intestine for absorption of nutrients. These nutrients will be
carried out by our blood that will distribute the nutrients all throughout the body in the
process called assimilation. The remaining food which is not digested will be expelled in the
process of elimination or defecation. By these processes, organisms are able to obtain
the nutrients or the substances in the food that are used as energy from the foods we eat.
A. Label the parts of the Digestive System. Write your answers on a piece of paper.
Source: http://drawitneat.blogspot.com/2015/01/human-digestive-system-mainly-
have.html
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B. Identify the accessory organs and organs of the alimentary canal in the digestive
system.
ALIMENTARY CANAL ACCESSORY ORGANS
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5.
6.
Let’s Analyze
DIRECTIONS: Read the instructions carefully. Write your answers on a piece of paper.
A. Arrange the following statements that describe the processes in the Digestive System
by putting 1 as the first event and 5 as the last.
________a. The large intestine then eliminates wastes leading the opening for defecation
called anus.
________b. The bolus is then swallowed and is moved through the pharynx into the
esophagus.
________c. The nutrients will be absorbed in the small intestine.
________d. The food enters the mouth.
________e. The bolus is chemically and enzymatically digested into the stomach.
B. Odd One Out. Choose the letter that does not belong to the group and explain why.
1. a. mouth b. esophagus c. stomach d. liver
Reason: _______________________________________________________________
2. a. digestion b. respiration c. ingestion d. absorption
Reason: _______________________________________________________________
3. a. pancreas b. gallbladder c.small intestine d. salivary glands
Reason: _______________________________________________________________
4. a. liver b. esophagus c. large intestines d. anus
Reason: _______________________________________________________________
Let’s Try (Evaluation)
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answers.
1. What part of the digestive system does chemical digestion of food happen?
A. esophagus B. large intestines C. small intestines D. stomach
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2. Which of the following is the primary function of the digestive system?
A. transports oxygen C. exchange of nutrients
B. absorption D. production of food
3. Which of the following pairs is CORRECT?

A. liver: production of bile C. gallbladder: produces insulin
B. pancreas: storage of bile D. salivary glands: produces glucagon
4. Which of the following explains the process of digestion?

A. It is the uptake of nutrients.
B. It is the process of taking in food.
C. It is the removal of the undigested food.
D. It is the physical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.
5. What digestive organ is involved in the process of absorption?

A. small intestine B. stomach C.mouth D. esophagus
Let’s Create
Task: Flow Diagram of the Digestive System

You are going to make a flow diagram to trace the passage of food from the time it is
taken by our body to the time it is removed from our body. You must indicate the parts of
the digestive system and its corresponding processes that take place inside them. You
may use this format as your guide:
Criteria for grading:

Organization of ideas- 10 points
Content- 10 points
Sequence of events- 10 points
Total= 30 points

Science 8: Quarter 4 Module 1 Week 1

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SCIENCE 8

QUARTER 4 MODULE 1 WEEK 1

Large - also called a colon that serves as a passageway of undigested food

Processes involved in the Digestive System

INGESTION process of taking in food through the

DIGESTION process of the physical and chemical break

ABSORPTION process of uptaking the nutrients from the

ASSIMILATION process of distributing the nutrients from

ELIMINATION process of removing waste material in the

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

3. Which of the following pairs is CORRECT?

4. Which of the following explains the process of digestion?

5. What digestive organ is involved in the process of absorption?

Task: Flow Diagram of the Digestive System

Criteria for grading:

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