Southern Luzon State University

College of Engineering
ECE Department
ECE16 – Integrative Course for ECE
PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION

Name: Score:
Set: Date:

ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES

I. GENERAL INSTRUCTION:
 On the answer sheet provided, shade the box of the correct answer.
 Solution is not required for the problem solving type question.
 Any form of erasure on the answer sheet is strictly prohibited.

1. A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission medium

such as wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such
as a radio channel in telecommunications and computer networking. In
analog transmission system, a standard voice grade narrowband channel
has nominal bandwidth of _________.
a. 15 KHz b. 4 KHz
c. 8 KHz d. 36 KHz

2. In radio propagation, the variance of the signal level received at the

input of receiver and the radio’s specified receiver’s sensitivity is
generally described as __________.

a. System Gain b. Fade Margin

c. Net Path Loss d. System Loss

3. Topology is the shape of a local area network (LAN) or other

communication systems and are either physical or logical arrangement.
The _______ topology uses a closed, point-to-point connected loop of
stations. Data flows in one direction only, from one station to the
next.

a. Bus b. Mesh
c. Star d. Ring

4. Frequency is the rate of change with respect to time. This means that:
a. change in a short span of time means high frequency
b. change in a long span of time means high frequency
c. change in a short span of time means low frequency
d. change in any span of time means low frequency

5. Antennas are polarized in different ways by specifically arranging the

elements into a desired orientation to earth’s surface. The orientation
of the magnetic field in a vertically polarized antenna to the antenna’s
elements is?

a. parallel b. perpendicular
c. in 45 degrees d. horizontal

6. What is the result of overdeviation in an FM transmitter?

a. out of channel emissions b. increased transmitter power

c. increased transmitter range d. poor carrier suppression

7. The ability to visually see a transmitting antenna roughly corresponds

to the ability to receive a radio signal from it, the propagation
characteristic at these frequencies is called “line-of-sight”. The
farthest possible point of propagation is referred to as the “radio
horizon”. When the height of the transmit and receive antennas are
doubled, what would happen to the radio horizon?
a. doubles b. increases by 41%
c. increases by 71% d. decreases by half

8. It is the net gain of a transmitting antenna plus the gain of a

receiving antenna, minus the loss of the cables that connect the
transmitter and receiver to their respective antennas.

a. antenna system gain b. antenna fade margin

c. antenna net path loss d. antenna system loss

9. A point-to-point radio link is to be established between Lucban and

Lucena City spanning a distance of 48 miles. NTC allowed the use of 6.5
GHz for line of sight that is obstructed by a 45 ft building 15 miles
away from one of the locations. What will be the minimum height of the
antennas, in feet to clear the transmission from the obstruction?

a. 90 b. 136
c. 80 d. 100

10. The impedance of an antenna varies as the distance is changed from the
ends of the antenna’s driven element. The impedance at the center of the
half-wave dipole is __________.

a. high b. low
c. zero d. moderate

11. Solve the height from the top of the obstacle (assuming that the
allowable Fresnel encroachment is 40%) to clear the obstacle from any
out of phase reflection towards the antennas which are operating at 5
GHz with 38 miles separation. The height of the building obstruction is
45 ft. located at 15 miles from one of the antennas.

a. 90 ft. b. 103 ft.

c. 58 ft. d. 17 ft.

12. Several methods have been used to ensure reliable transmission error
detection. Which of the following method ensures error-free transmission
by which each character transmitted contains one additional bit?

a. redundancy b. reed Solomon

c. hamming d. parity bit

13. What is a skip zone?

a. an area which is too far away from ground wave or sky wave
propagation
b. an area covered by sky-wave propagation
c. an area which is too far away for ground wave propagation but too
close for sky-wave propagation
d. an area covered by ground wave propagation

14. Polarization is the orientation of the electric field component of the

EM wave to the surface of the earth as it propagates in space. What
polarization of antenna is less likely to be affected by man-made
interference?

a. non-polarized b. horizontally polarized

c. vertically polarized d. omnidirectionally polarized

15. A non-periodic composite signal has a bandwidth of 200 kHz, with a

middle frequency of 140 kHz and peak amplitude of 20 V. Find the upper
frequency.
a. 40 kHz b. 240 kHz

c. 400 kHz d. 100 kHz

16. OSI is a reference model for how applications communicate over a

network. A reference model is a conceptual framework for understanding
relationships. Which layer of the OSI reference model that sets up,
coordinates and terminates conversations, exchanges and dialogues
between the applications at each end and also deals with connection
coordination.

a. application b. presentation

c. session d. transport

17. A demodulator is an electronic circuit that is used to recover the

information content from the modulated carrier wave. Which of the
following modes of transmission is usually detected with a product
detector?

a. double sideband full carrier b. FM

c. pulse modulation d. single sideband suppressed

carrier

18. In data communications, it is a database platform that is defined as a

high-end network computer managing connected devices and their access to
multiple applications as a central resource.

a. bridge b. router

c. server d. gateways

19. In fiber optic cables both the core and the cladding are made of
transparent plastic or glass material. The main function of the glass
cladding is:

a. to carry light b. to prevent the light from

escaping
c. to protect the core from d. all of the above
damages

20. An analog signal carries 4 bits per signal element. If 1000 signal
elements are sent per second, find the bit rate.

a. 4000 bps b. 2000 bps

c. 1000 bps d. 250 bps

21. A device that is used to connect to dissimilar network is called:

a. gateway b. modem

c. router d. bridge

22. If your antenna feed line gets hot when you are transmitting, what
might this mean?
a. you should transmit using less power
b. The conductors in the feed line are not insulated very well.
c. The feed line is too long.
d. The SWR may be too high, or the feed line loss may be high.

23. In the internet, we use connecting devices to convert analog to digital

and digital back to analog, this device is known as a MODEM. The most
 commonly used modem is one that connects personal computers to
_________.

a. the router b. the server

c. the telephone line d. free space

24. An antenna is made by cutting conductor elements in proportion to the

wavelength of the operating frequency. What is the characteristic of an
antenna that is cut shorter that ¼ wavelength long?

a. resistive b. capacitive

c. inductive d. resonant

25. In signal propagation, the data channel provides the physical path
between transmitter and receiver. It could be either be guided or
unguided. Which of the following does not belong to a group?

a. optical fiber
b. coaxial cable
c. waveguide
d. atmosphere

26. In __________ encoding the voltage level assigned to a binary 1 level

does not use the entire time of the bit period.

a. return to zero (RZ) b. non-return to zero (NRZ)

c. return to one (RO) d. non-return to one (NRO)

27. If the loss in the cable is -0.3 dB/km and the transmitted power is
10uW, what is the power received at 10 km?

a. 23 mW b. 5 mW

c. 32 uW d. 5 uW

28. This provides a physical path for signals to travel between stations.
Coaxial cable, optical fiber and infra red light are examples.

a. user station b. LAN protocol stack

c. physical interface unit d. physical medium

29. What is the transmission time for a 5Mbyte message (an image) if the
bandwidth of the network is 1 MBps? Assume that the distance between the
sender and the receiver is 12,000 km and that light travels at 2.4 x
10^8 m/s.

a. 10 s b. 50 s

c. 32 s d. 40 s

30. If the forward gain of a six-element Yagi is about 10 dB, what would
the gain of two of these antennas be if they were stacked?

a. 7 dB b. 13 dB

c. 20 dB d. 10 dB

31. How would you arrange, through a block diagram the relationship of the
following devices?
1) Mixer
 2) RF Amplifier
3) Demodulator
4) AF Amplifier
5) Speaker
6) IF Amplifier

a. 3,2,4,1,6 & 5 b. 2,6,4,3,1,5

c. 3,4,6,2,1,5 d. 2,1,6,3,4,5

32. A network with bandwidth of 10 Mbps can pass only an average of 12,000
frames per minute with each frame carrying an average of 10,000 bits.
What is the throughput of this network?

a. 0.2 Mbps b. 0.2 kbps

c. 2 kbps d. 2 Mbps

33. JPEG is commonly used method of compression for digital images,

particularly for those images produced by digital photography. What type
of compression does JPEG use?

a. lossy b. scale

c. non-lossy d. lossless

34. A simple AM transmitter employs an oscillator of 40 uH coil and 4 nF

capacitor. If the oscillator output is modulated by audio frequency of
up to 24 KHz what is the center frequency of the transmitter in Hz?

a. 421,887.35 b. 373,887.34

c. 12,000.00 d. 397,887.34

35. Consider an extremely noisy channel in which the value of the SNR is
almost zero. In other words, the noise is so strong that the signal is
faint. For this channel the capacity C is calculated as

a. infinite b. zero

c. negative d. imaginary

36. What is a coaxial cable?

a. two wires side-by-side in a plastic ribbon
b. two wires side-by-side held apart by insulating rods
c. two wires twisted around each other in a spiral
d. a center wire inside an insulating material which is covered by a
metal sleeve or shield

37. What is parallel-conductor feed line?

a. two wires twisted around each other in spiral
b. a center wire inside an insulating material which is covered by a
metal sleeve or shield
c. a metal pipe which is as wide or slightly wider than a wavelength
of the signal it carries
d. two wires side-by-side held apart by insulating rods

38. The characteristic of an antenna stating that the receive and transmit
properties of an antenna are identical.

a. diversity b. reciprocity

c. sensibility d. directivity
39. The characteristic impedance of a parallel wire transmission line does
not depend on the:

a. velocity of energy on the line b. radius of conductors

c. center to center distance d. dielectric

between conductors

40. At resonance, at what point of the one-half wavelength antenna’s

element will the current be at minimum level?

a. middle b. ¾ from feed c. ¼ from the d. ends

point feed point

41. If a periodic signal is decomposed into five sine waves with

frequencies of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Hz, what is its bandwidth?

a. 1000 Hz
b. 400 Hz
c. 800 Hz
d. 3000 Hz

42. A signal has a spectrum with frequencies between 1000 and 2000 Hz
(bandwidth of 1000 Hz). A medium can pass frequencies from 3000 to 4000
Hz (bandwidth of 1000Hz). Can this signal faithfully pass through this
medium?
a. No
b. the signal is totally lost
c. although the signal can have the same bandwidth, the range does
not overlap
d. all of the above

43. ____________ is referred as the ability of an antenna to converge

signal energy in a particular direction when transmitting or to collect
signal energy from a particular direction when receiving.

a. diversity
b. reciprocity
c. sensitivity
d. directivity

44. A digitized voice channel is made by digitizing a 4-kHz bandwidth

analog voice signal. We need to sample the signal at twice the highest
frequency (2 samples per Hertz). We assumed that each sample requires 8
bits. What is the required bit rate?

a. 64 kbps
b. 32 kbps
c. 16 kbps
d. 8 kbps

45. In computer networking classful addressing is important as it gives as

millions of network addresses. Given this IP address 255.255.255.255.
Identify what classful address this number belongs.

a. Class D b. Class A c. Class C d. Class B

46. In the Shannon limit for information capacity theorem, if the bandwidth
is increased by 4 times while maintaining the SNR of the transmission
medium at its original ratio, what is the effect on its maximum
capacity?

a. reduce by two b. increased by 4 c. doubled d. reduced by 4

 times times

47. Sometimes the decibel is used to measure signal power in milliwatts. In

this case, it is referred to as dBm and is calculated as dBm = 10 log
Pm, where Pm is the power in milliwatts. Calculate the power of a signal
if its dBm = -30.

a. 10^-1mW b. 10^-4mW c. 10^-2mW d. 10^-3mW

48. The maximum gain of the antenna is determined by the size of the dish
and the frequency. What is the effect to the gain of the antenna if the
diameter of the dish is doubled?

a. decrease 2 b. increase 4 times c. increase 2 d. decrease 4

times times times

49. From the list below, arrange according to their order starting with the
first step of the different processes of converting analog signal into
digital format.
1) Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
2) Quantizing/Companding
3) Line Coding
4) Sampling
5) Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

a. 3,4,2,1,5 b. 4,2,5,1,3 c. 4,3,1,1,5 d. 3,1,5,1,4

50. A sine wave is offset 1/8 cycle with respect to time 0. What is its
phase in degrees?

a. 45 deg b. 60 deg c. 83 deg d. 90 deg

51. The beamwidth and the directive gain of the antenna are interrelated
with each other. If the directive gain of the antenna decreases, its
beamwidth __________.

a. increases b. decreases c. receded d. remains the

same

52. An SWR meter measured the degree of mismatch between transmission line
and antenna by:
a. inserting a diode in the feed line
b. measuring radiated RF energy
c. comparing forward and reflected voltage
d. measuring the conductor temperature
53. If the radio wave passes from a less dense to a denser medium, the
angle of refraction is _________ than the angle of incidence.

a. the same b. undetermined c. greater d. less

54. If a 525 MHz transmission line to a perfectly resistive terminating

antenna both the coax and antenna have the same ohmic value, what will
be the measured SWR at the feed line?

a. 1:1 b. 1:2 c. 1:3 d. 1:5

55. Which describes the loss of energy of a radio wave because of the
spreading of the wavefront as it travels from the generating source?

a. free-space b. emission
c. induction d. scattering
56. The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 25 amperes when only the
carrier is sent but it increases to 37.21 amperes when the carrier is
sinusoidally modulated. How many percent the carrier is modulated?

a. 77.41 b. 67.49 c. 80.70 d. 155.9

57. Which is the theoretically infinite number of ellipsoidal areas around

the line of sight in an RF wireless link?

a. Fresnel b. LOS Zone c. Radio d. Skip Zone

Zone Horizon

58. When the characteristic of a transmission medium is changed, the

wavefront of incoming signal is redirected. Which of the following
describes this natural phenomenon?

a. refraction b. depletion c. reflection d. deflection

59. QAM is a digital modulation technique where the value of a symbol

consisting of multiple bits is represented by amplitude and phase states
of a carrier. If 16-QAM is four bits per symbol, how many bits per
symbol do a 512 QAM represents?

a. 8 b. 128 c. 32 d. 9

60. Suppose a file of 20,000 characters is to be sent over a line at 5400

bps. Calculate the overhead time in using asynchronous communication.
Assume 1 start and stop bit, and 8 bits to send the character itself
for. each character.

a. 33.33 s b. 7.4 s c. 1.66 ms d. 8.33 s

61. As power is applied to a coaxial cable, heat may be generated and

dissipated into the surrounding, thus distorting the orbit of the
electrons causing “heating effect” on the non-conductive material
between the conductors. This distortion or change in the path of
electrons requires more energy, resulting to power loss. This phenome is
called ________ loss.

a. dielectric b. conduction c. radiation d. heat

62. Given a 25 mi path with average terrain but with some roughness in an
inland temperate climate, and a link operating at a frequency of 6.7 GHz
with a desired propagation reliability of 99.95%, what fade margin
should be assigned to the link?

a. 31.2 dB b. 12.3 dB

c. 45.6 dB d. 65.4 dB

63. A Yagi-Uda antenna, commonly known as a Yagi antenna is a directional

antenna consisting of multiple parallel elements in a line, usually
half-wave dipoles made of metal rods. How many reflector element/s do
most Yagi antennas have?

a. it depends b. two c. three d. one

64. We can calculate the theoretical highest bit rate of a regular

telephone line. A telephone line normally has a bandwidth of 3000 Hz
(300 Hz to 3300 Hz). The SNR is usually 35 dB. For this channel the
capacity is calculated as

a. 69,763 bps b. 34,860 bps c. 17,440 bps d. 0 bps

 65. Determine the characteristic impedance of a parallel wire line with D/d
= 2 with air dielectric.

a. 160 Ω b. 50 Ω c. 175 Ω d. 150 Ω

66. A piece of RG-59B/U coaxial has a 75-Ω characteristic impedance and a

nominal capacitance of 69 pF/m. What is its inductance per meter?
a. 3.88 uH/m
b. 0.388 uH/m
c. 0.388 nH/m
d. 38.8 nH/m

67. Calculate the SWR of the line of the characteristic impedance of the
line is 75 ohms and is terminated by 50 ohms.

a. 1.2 b. 1.1 c. 1.5 d. 1.9

68. A transmitter sends a 5 W of power to a 75 ohms’ line. Suppose the

transmitter and the line is matched but the load is not. Determine the
power absorbed by the load if the coefficient of reflection is 0.75.

a. 2.1123 W b. 3.2755 W c. 2.1825 W d. 3.1004 W

69. A transmission line is specified to have a loss of 4 dB/100 m at 800

MHz. Find the loss in decibels of 130 m of this cable.

a. 3.2 dB b. 5.2 dB
c. 1.2 dB d. 2.2 dB

70. The line has 97% velocity factor. If the two minima are located 30 cm
apart, determine the frequency.

a. 445 MHz b. 585 MHz

c. 485 MHz d. 455 MHz

71. TDR equipment receives signal 250 ns after the test signal had been
transmitted. If the discontinuity of the line is found 35 meters from
the test point, what is the velocity factor of the line?

a. 0.825 b. 0.933 c. 0.792 d. 0.925

72. What type of radio wave travels directly from the transmitter to the
receiver and remains in the troposphere?

a. ground b. sky c. space d. skip

73. What kind of transmission line termination does a 100% signal

reflection occurs?

a. capacitive and inductive b. purely capacitive

c. purely resistive d. purely inductive

74. Which determines the amount of current that can flow when a given
voltage is applied to an infinitely very long radio transmission line?

a. frequency b. characteristic c. inductance d. capacitance

impedance

75. Fiber optic technology is used in applications of

a. LAN b. CATV c. Telephone d. All of the

networks choices

76. Class of IP network used for governments and very large networks.
a. Class A b. Class B c. Class C d. Class D

77. The theoretical power of white noise is

a. zero b. finite c. dependent on d. infinite

frequency

78. An analog signal has a bit rate of 8000 bps and a baud rate of 1000
baud. How many signal elements do we need?
a. 8 b. 256
c. 9 d. 512

79. Data encoding scheme in which most of signal power is centered around
origin and there is a waste of power due to DC component that is
present.
a. unipolar
b. bipolar
c. manchester
d. biphase

80.Sky wave cannot be heard

a. close to the transmitter
b. far from the transmitter
c. in the silent zone
d. in the skip zone

81. ________ is a programming that creates a safe, encrypted connection

over a less secure network. It uses tunneling protocols to encrypt data
at the sending end and decrypt it at the receiving end.

a. VPN b. CATV

c. protocol d. ISDN

82. What is the free-space loss in dB between two microwave parabolic

antennas 38 km apart operating at 7.0 GHz?

a. 145.6 dB b. 135.5 dB c. 138.5 dB d. 140.9 dB

83. A 70 kHz carrier has a frequency deviation of 4 kHz with a 1000 Hz

signal. What is the bandwidth of the FM signal?

a. 4 kHz b. 10 kHz

c. 7 kHz d. 8 kHz
84. What is the SNR of an amplifier with a signal voltage of 30 mV and a
noise voltage of 45uV?

a. 28.24 dB b. 56.48 dB c. 58.24 dB d. 86.48 dB

85. A line encoding technique using two non-zero voltages for logic 1 and
0.

a. unipolar b. bipolar
c. RZ d. NRZ

86. What is the real part of the propagation constant?

a. phase constant b. attenuation constant

c. line constant d. transmission constant

87. What does standing wave ratio mean?

a. the ratio of maximum to minimum voltages on a feed line
b. the ratio of maximum to minimum resistances on a feed line
 c. the ratio of maximum to minimum inductances on a feed line
d. the ratio of maximum to minimum impedances on a feed line

88. If the characteristic impedance of the feedline does not match the
antenna input impedance then:
a. heat is produced at the junction
b. the SWR reading falls to 1:1
c. the antenna will not radiate any signal
d. standing waves are produced in the feedline
89. A resonant antenna having a feed point impedance of 200 ohms is
connected to a feed line and transmitter which have an impedance of 50
ohms. What will the standing wave ratio of this system be?

a. 6:1 b. 3:1
c. 4:1 d. 1:4

90. What connects your transceiver to your antenna?

a. power cord b. ground wire

c. feed line d. dummy load

91. The characteristic impedance of 50 m piece of transmission line is 50

ohms. If 20 meters were cut off, the impedance would be
a. 52 ohms b. 50 ohms c. 30 ohms d. 20 ohms

92. A balanced transmission line

a. has one conductor inside the other
b. is made of two parallel wires
c. carries RF current on one wire only
d. is made of one conductor only

93. In what values are RF feed line losses expressed?

a. ohms/MHz b. dB/MHz
c. ohms/m d. dB/unit length

94. As the frequency of a signal is changed, what happens to signal loss in

a feed line?
a. signal loss increases with decreasing frequency
b. signal loss increases with increasing frequency
c. signal loss is the least when the signal’s wavelength is the same as
the feed line’s length
d. signal loss is the same for any frequency

95. It is the process of changing one of the characteristics of an analog

signal based on the information in digital data.
a. digital-to-analog b. digital-to-digital
c. analog-to-analog d. analog-to-digital

96. Binary ASK is also known as

a. on-off keying (OOK) b. FSK
c. PSK d. QAM

97. When the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied to create signal
elements of a digital information, it is called

a. ASK b. FSK
c. PSK d. QAM

98. It is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission

of multiple signals across a single data link

a. multiplexing b. modulation

c. demultiplexing d. spreading
99. Which of the following band is used for FM?

a. 530-1700 kHz b. 88-108 MHz

c. 824-849 MHz d. 300-3300 Hz

100. What is the bandwidth for each TV channel in television broadcasting?

a. 10 kHz b. 200 kHz

c. 30 kHz d. 6 MHz