大学英语六级考试 2015 年 12 月真题(第三套)

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the
picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite
of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no
more than 200 words.

We just don’t have much useful information. ”

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will
be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Conversation One
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.
B) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.
C) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.
D) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.
2. A) Raise their heads above the water. C) Press the right-hand lever first.
B) Swim straight into the same tank. D) Produce the appropriate sound.
3. A) Both dolphins were put in the same tank.
B) The male dolphin received more rewards.
C) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.
D) The lever was beyond the dolphins’ reach.
4. A) Both the dolphins did a perfect job and were rewarded with fish.
B) The male dolphin failed to press the levers in the correct order.
C) The female dolphin made a mistake when communicating with the male dolphin.
D) Dr. Bastian was surprised to see the dolphins weren’t as smart as expected.
Conversation Two
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) In a resort town. C) On a cattle farm.
B) In a lecture room. D) In a botanical garden.
6. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.
B) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times.
C) It is at the centre of the fashion industry.
D) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters.
7. A) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate.
B) It will be used as a centre for athletic training.

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 C) It was named after a land owner in the old days.
D) it is protected as parkland by a special law.
8. A) The beautiful flowers. C) The refreshing air.
B) The vast grassland. D) The mineral waters.
Section B
Directions: In this section,you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you
will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) He provides counseling for university students.
B) He teaches psychology at Ohio State University.
C) He specializes in interpersonal relationships.
D) He has experience tutoring black students.
10. A) Students who scored low on standardized tests.
B) Students who are accustomed to living in dorms.
C) Black students from families with low incomes.
D) Black freshmen with high standardized test scores.
11. A) They generally spent more time together than white pairs.
B) They moved out of the college dorms at the end of the semester.
C) They were more appreciative of the university’s housing policy.
D) They broke up more often than same-race roommates.
12. A) Their test scores rose gradually.
B) They started doing similar activities.
C) They grew bored of each other.
D) Their racial attitudes improved.
Passage Two
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A) It can help solve global food crises. C) It has attracted worldwide attention.
B) It will change the concept of food. D) It will become popular gradually.
14. A) It has been drastically cut by NASA. C) It has been increased over the years.
B) It comes regularly from its donors. D) It is still far from being sufficient.
15. A) They are not as natural as we believed. C) They are more nutritious and delicious.
B) They are less healthy than we expected. D) They are not as expensive as before.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by
three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D).Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) Exhausting jobs and wasted time.
B) Wrong eating habits and wasted time.
C) Pollution and cognitive decline.
D) Exhausting jobs and wrong eating habits.
17. A) Adequate sleep. C) Music.
B) Laugh or smile. D) Exercise.
18. A) Massage helps to improve physical function and reduce stress.
B) Massage plays a role in mood-boosting and is good for sleep.
C) Essential oils used in massage help to eliminate various diseases.
D) Essential oils used in massage do good to your memory and thinking.

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Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) They spent more money in promoting their political candidates.
B) They attracted more members and focused on candidates’ characters.
C) They had more influence over the selection of political candidates.
D) They received more money from sponsors as campaign funds.
20. A) It made politics seem more intimate to citizens.
B) It provided detailed information about a candidate’s behaviour.
C) It allowed news coverage of political candidates.
D) It placed political issues within a historical context.
21. A) Politicians dislike explaining their own positions on specific issues to citizens.
B )Politicians make claims without providing arguments for the claims.
C)Politicians enjoy explaining issues and arguing with competitors.
D) Politicians take stronger positions on political issues than in the past.
22. A) They can obtain more television coverage for themselves.
B)They can create more time to discuss political issues.
C) They can spend more time talking to citizens in person.
D)They can engage in debates with their opponents.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) They are not based on a representative sampling.
B) They are used only on television broadcasting.
C) They are not carefully worded and organized.
D)They reflect political opinions from the public.
24. A) A large number of respondents taking part in the survey.
B)Carefully worded and understandable questions.
C) An interviewer’s ability to understand respondents’ feelings.
D) A sociologist who is able to interpret the results.
25. A)Live interviews cost less money and energy.
B)Live interviews can obtain more information.
C)Live interviews are easier to carry out.
D)Live interviews minimize the influence of the researcher.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select
one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in
the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in
the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge
of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that __26__ to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery
stores to online shopping sites that never close. It’s no surprise, then, that more than half
of American adults don’t get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as __27__ by sleep
experts.
Whether or not we can catch up on sleep—on the weekend, say —is a hotly __28__
topic among sleep researchers. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn’t __29__ , it
might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought
__30__ sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they
logged about 10 hours per night, they showed __31__ in the ability of insulin(胰岛素) to
process blood sugar. That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the
damage that sleep __32__ causes, which is encouraging given how many adults don’t get
the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn’t __33__ to endorse the habit of sleeping less
and making up for it later.

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 Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not __34__ an effective remedy either. “A
sleeping pill will __35__ one area of the brain, but there’s never going to be a perfect
sleeping pill, because you couldn’t really replicate(复制) the different chemicals moving
in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep,” says
Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.

A) alternatively K) presumption
B) caters L) ready
C) chronically M)recommended
D) debated N) surpasses
E) deprivation O) target
F) ideal
G) improvements
H) necessarily
I) negotiated
J) pierce

Section B
Directions：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached
to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more
than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Climate change may be real, but it’s still not easy being green

How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener? We ask some outstanding social
scientists.
[A] The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle
polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive
problem is less obvious: our own behaviour. We get distracted before we can turn
down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbour’s
trip to India. Ultimately, we can’t be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for
the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.
[B] Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most
people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent
polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 percent of
participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it
last on a list of priorities.
[C] This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. “When we can’t
actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a
range of defense mechanisms,” says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the
environmental organization World Wide Fund for Nature.
[D] Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to
pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. “We worry most
about now because if we don’t survive for the next minute, we’re not going to be
around in ten years’ time,” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on
Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames were
lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty
quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks —and benefits—associated with
issues that lie some way ahead.

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[E] Matthew Rush worth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the
University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. “One of the ways in which all
agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that
are going to be further away in the future,” he says. “This is a very sensible way for
an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans
for thousands of years.”
[F] Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it
could well be too late. And if we’re not going to make rational decisions about the
future, others may have to help us to do so.
[G] Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About
Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that
governments should persuade us into making better decisions—such as saving more in
our pension plans—by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that
environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes
included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to
challenge them.
[H] Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned
about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality ( 心 态 ). “We need to
understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change,” says
Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich.
“It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what
is seen as desirable in society.” In other words, our inner caveman is continually
looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.
[I] The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by
counting us in —and measuring us against—our peer group. “Social norms are
primitive and elemental,” says Dr. Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The
Psychology of Persuasion. “Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd
together.. .just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in
the direction of the crowd.
[J] These norms can take us beyond good intentions. Cialdini conducted a study in San
Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on
people’s doors. Some of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial
savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of
neighbours that drove down power use.
[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their
energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour.
The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the
average local electricity and gas usage on people’s bills.
[L] Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for self-
destructive behaviour. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive
SUVs unwittingly( 不 经 意 地 )imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus
permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. “Instead of
normalising the undesirable behaviour, the message needs to marginalise it, for
example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, it reduces our
ability to be energy-independent.”
[M] Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful
environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identity.
Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated
and be used to collective action—much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the
Public and Commercial Services Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups
with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at
trade unionists.
[N] Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the

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 psychology right—in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with
a fondness for organising groups. “I think it’s a terrific idea,” she says of the
campaign. “The union backing it makes members think there must be something in
it.” She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local
pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.
[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is
where the future of environmental action lies. “Using existing civil society structures
or networks is a more effective way of creating change... and obviously trade unions
are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK,” he says. The “Love Food,
Hate Waste” campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such
network—the Women’s Institute. Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the campaign with
the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting changes to
what she throws away in her kitchen. “It’s always more of an incentive if you’re doing
it with other people,” she says. “It motivates you more if you know that you’ve got to
provide feedback to a group.”
[P] The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention
across the political establishment. In the US, the House of Representatives Science
Committee has approved a bill allocating $ 10 million a year to studying energy-
related behaviour. In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists are
regularly spotted in British government offices. With the help of psychologists, there
is fresh hope that we might go green after all.
36.When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.
37.To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.
38.It is the government’s responsibility to persuade people into making environment-
friendly decisions.
39.Politicians are beginning to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists, help in
fighting climate change.
40.To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what
motivates people to make change.
41.In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues
instead of long-term concerns.
42.One study shows that our neighbours’ actions are influential in changing our
behaviour.
43.Despite clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate
change will affect their own lives.
44.We should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate
change before it is too late.
45.Existing social networks can be more effective in creating change in people’s
behaviour.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) ,
B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz,
both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from
children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but
a quality they called “preparation for future learning.” The researches asked fifth graders
and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction.
Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (though the college
students had better spelling skills). From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this

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outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and
extinction, major scientific ideas.
The researchers decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate
questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans. On this task, they found
large differences. College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between
eagles and their habitat(栖息地)Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual
eagles (“How big are they?” and “What do they eat?”). The college students had
cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had
learned how to learn.
Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach
this skill than elementary and secondly schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco,
we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people’s
scientific inquiry. We found that when we taught participants to ask “What if?” and “How
can?” questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark
exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit —asking more questions,
performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results. Specially,
their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking
about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their
question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening
collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.
This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional settings. Informal
learning environment tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too
little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground
to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere. Our society
depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment,
say, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have a
robust informal system that gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on
holidays and weekends.
46.What is traditional educators’ interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the
first paragraph?
A) Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems.
B) College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing issues.
C) Education has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.
D) Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.
47.In what way are college students different from children?
A) They have learned to think critically.
B) They are concerned about social issues.
C) They are curious about specific features.
D) They have learned to work independently.
48.What is benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?
A) It arouses students’ interest in things around them.
B) It cultivates students’ ability to make scientific inquiries.
C) It trains students’ ability to design scientific experiments.
D) It helps students realize not every question has an answer.
49.What is said to be the advantage of informal learning?
A) It allows for failures. C) It charges no tuition.
B) It is entertaining. D) It meets practical need.
50.What does the author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?
A) Train students to think about global issues.
B) Design more interactive classroom activities.
C) Make full use of informal learning resources.
D) Include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum.
Passage Two

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Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
“There’s an old saying in the space world: amateurs talk about technology,
professionals talk about insurance.” In an interview last year with The Economist, George
Whitesides, chief executive of space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic, was placing his
company in the latter category. But insurance will be cold comfort following the failure
on October 31st of VSS Enterprise, resulting in the death of one pilot and the severe
injury to another.
On top of the tragic loss of life, the accident in California will cast a long shadow
over the future of space tourism, even before it has properly begun.
The notion of space tourism took hold in 2001 with a $ 20 million flight aboard a
Russian spacecraft by Dennis Tito, a millionaire engineer with an adventurous streak. Just
half a dozen holiday-makers have reached orbit since then, for similarly astronomical
price tags. But more recently, companies have begun to plan more affordable “suborbital”
flights —briefer ventures just to the edge of space’s vast darkness. Virgin Galactic had,
prior to this week’s accident, seemed closest to starting regular flights. The company has
already taken deposits from around 800 would-be space tourists, including Stephen
Hawking.
After being dogged by technical delays for years, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin
Galactic’s founder, had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first
paying customers as soon as February 2015. That now seems an impossible timeline. In
July, a sister craft of the crashed spaceplane was reported to be about half-finished. The
other half will have to wait, as authorities of America’s Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) and National Transportation Safety Board work out what went wrong.
In the meantime, the entire space tourism industry will be on tenterhooks (坐立不
安 ). The 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, intended to encourage
private space vehicles and services, prohibits the transportation secretary (and thereby the
FAA) from regulating the design or operation of private spacecraft, unless they have
resulted in a serious or fatal injury to crew or passengers. That means that the FAA could
suspend Virgin Galactic’s license to fly. It could also insist on checking private manned
spacecraft as thoroughly as it does commercial aircraft. While that may make suborbital
travel safer, it would add significant cost and complexity to an emerging industry that has
until now operated largely as the playground of billionaires and dreamy engineers.
How Virgin Galactic, regulators and the public respond to this most recent tragedy
will determine whether and how soon private space travel can transcend that playground.
There is no doubt that spaceflight entails risks, and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to
free those risks, and to reduce them with the benefit of hard-won experience.
61.What is said about the failure of VSS Enterprise?
A) It may lead to the bankruptcy of Virgin Galactic.
B) It has a strong negative impact on space tourism.
C) It may discourage rich people from space travel.
D) It has aroused public attention to safety issues.
62.What do we learn about the space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic?
A) It has just built a craft for commercial flights.
B) It has sent half a dozen passengers into space.
C) It was about ready to start regular business.
D) It is the first to launch “suborbital” flights.
63.What is the purpose of the 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act?
A) To ensure space travel safety.
B) To limit the FAA’s functions.
C) To legalize private space explorations.
D) To promote the space tourism industry.
64.What might the FAA do after the recent accident in California?
A) Impose more rigid safety standards.

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 B) Stop certifying new space-tourist agencies.
C) Amend its 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.
D) Suspend Virgin Galactic’s licence to take passengers into space.
65.What does the author think of private space travel?
A) It is worth promoting despite the risks involved.
B) It should not be confined to the rich only.
C) It should be strictly regulated.
D) It is too risky to carry on.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from
Chinese into English . You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、
机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁
的合同;中国还与马来西亚(Malaysia)签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人
们信赖中国造产品。
中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价,但这确实有助于消除贫困，
同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商
店时,可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。

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 参 考 答 案

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Harm Caused by Misleading Information Online

As is revealed in the picture, a man is sitting in front of a computer searching information
from the Internet, while a woman is standing by the door, holding a cup of coffee. The most
striking feature is the caption under the picture, which reads “I just feel unfortunate to live in a
world with so much misleading information! ”
With a large amount of information coming up, the severity of misleading information
arises. Unfortunately, if we lack the ability to distinguish the true information from the misleading
one, we will finally fall prey to it, because the misleading information may get people into bad
habits, even make them commit crimes. Numerous network fraud is a living example. In addition,
there may be a trust crisis between individuals and the government, if we cannot correct the
misleading news as soon as possible. For instance, the nuclear leakage in Japan in 2011 has
caused great panic in Eastern China, where thousands of people went out to rob salt after the
rumor that salt has an effect of anti-radiation, which brought about turbulence in the domestic
market.
From what have been discussed above, it is therefore, necessary that some effective
measures be taken to prevent ourselves from being misled by junk information. And in my
opinion, learning to identify the authenticity of information online is the most practical measure.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. A 7. A 8.B 9.A 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C
Section B
16.D 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.B 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.C
Section C
26. qualities 27.appear to be 28.unpredictable 29.relaxed 30.participant
31. take the initiative 32.fascinates 33.a degree of 34.simulated 35.appropriate

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Section A

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36.B 37.M 38.D 39.F 40.B 41.G 42.E 43.L 44.B 45.O
Section B
46.C 47.L 48.G 49.P 50.H 51.D 52.J 53.B 54.F 55.O
Section C
56. D 57.A 58.B 59.A 60.C 61.B 62.C 63.D 64.D 65.A

Part Ⅳ Translation

China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community to

eliminate extreme poverty by 2030. Since the implementation of the reform and opening up in the
late 1970s, China has helped as many as four hundred million people out of poverty. Over the
next five years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in poverty reduction,
education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection and health care.
China has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty, and has made unremitting efforts to
promote economic growth, which will encourage other poor countries to respond to the
challenges of their own developments. These countries can learn from the experience of China
when they seek paths of development with their own characteristics.

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