FINAL PROJECT

IN

CDI-2 SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

WITH LEGAL MEDICINE

Name: Joseph L. Adobo

Course & Yr.: BSCRIM-2D
Instructor: Rudini Yparraguirre
 Table of Contents

SUMMARY OF ALL THE TOPICS IN

SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

TERMS AND DEFINITION

CONCLUSION
Summary of topics in Special Crime Investigation

The goal of a crime scene investigation is to determine what happened at the crime
scene and to identify the person or people responsible. This is accomplished by
meticulously documenting the situation at a crime scene and recognizing critical
physical evidence. The ability to recognize and collect physical evidence is
frequently necessary for both solving and prosecuting violent crimes.

First that was tackled was about criminal investigator, investigator, and their
primary responsibilities. Criminal investigator is a person who is charged with
carrying out the objectives of a criminal investigation. Next is investigator, it refers to
any law enforcement personnel belonging to the duly mandated law enforcement
agencies tasked to enforce Republic Act 9208. Being an officer takes you to prioritize
responsibilities within your expertise, being a crime scene investigator gives you a
really big responsibility. Here are some of the responsibilities listed;
1. Process crime scenes by performing scene recognition, scene documentation and
evidence collection
2. Operate within the applicable laws governing the investigations
3. Initiate preliminary survey, generate initial theories and keep the ones that are not
eliminated by incoming information
4. Thoroughly document scenes and gather potential evidences (Physical,
specimens, documents, photographs, statements etc..) to send to crime lab
5. Draft detailed investigative reports and be prepared to present evidence to the
prosecutor
6. Preserve, collect and record impressions, including tool marks footprints, tire
marks, bite marks, and fingerprints.

We all know that being an investigator requires knowledge and techniques when
acquiring evidence, and as an investigator itself must bear qualities that makes him
outstand and cope up in every situation. The following are the qualities of an
investigator:
A. Proven working experience as criminal investigator
b. Hands – on experience with crime scenes analysis and forensic science
c. Proficient in interpreting evidence and reconstructing events
d. Ability to observe minute details and to produce detailed reports
e. In depth knowledge of criminal law , rules and legislation
f. Familiarity with all evidence types ( example: circumstantial , direct, trace, hearsay
etc) and the rules governing their admissibility
g. Through understanding of the investigation process and the unique
circumstances of each case
h. Strong analytical skills along with good interviewing and interrogation skills
i. Honest and ethical with high levels of integrity and confidentiality
Next tackled was special crime investigation, is a process that requires both special
equipment and special expertise; it requires both expertise and a specific special
instrument. It also deals with the investigation of major crimes using special
investigative techniques. Crime scene is a location or location where the alleged
crime incident event occurred. Investigation refers to Is the collection of facts to
accomplish a three- fold aim: a. To identify the suspect, b. To locate the suspect; and
c. to provide evidence of his guilt. In the performance of his duties, the investigator
must seek to established the six cardinal points of investigation, namely :1. What
specific offense has been committed; 2. How the offense was committed; 3. Who
committed it; 4. Where the offense was committed; 5. When it was committed; and 6.
Why it was committed. Custodial investigation, an arrest or deprivation of freedom of
action, law enforcement officers investigate. It includes involvement in an offense.
Miranda doctrine A principle on the rights of a suspect from forced self- incrimination
during police interrogation as enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution Bill of
Rights (Article 3, Sec.12). Combined task force, this is necessary for many crimes
involving drugs, gangs and terrorism and multi-disciplinary approach, multi-
jurisdictional investigation, metro crime teams and special investigation units. Case
officers are those in-charge of the investigation of a case. Case operation plan a
specific target-specific activity carried out in relation to an intelligence project that is
affected by it. Several case operations may fall under the purview of a single
intelligence project. Probable cause Is a factor or set of circumstances sufficient to
persuade a reasonable person that a suspect was most likely involved in a specific
crime.
Special Crime Investigation means the application of special equipment, special
expertise, and a specific special instrument. It also deals with the investigation of
major crimes using special investigative techniques. Crime scene investigators'
duties may vary depending on their geographic location, the size of the law
enforcement agency, or simply the size and scope of the crime scene.

Special Crimes Related to Persons

This type of crimes related to person category of crimes against people includes
such crimes as murder, rape, assault, child abuse, and sexual harassment. Murder
the unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another. Elements of
murder must include a person is killed, that the accused killed and that the killing
was intended. Homicide is the killing of one human being by the act, procurement, or
omission of another. Homicide is a neutral term; it merely describes the act and does
not pronounce judgment as to its moral or legal quality. Elements that are needed to
be meet for a crime to fall under homicide are the following; the person was killed,
the accused killed him without justifying circumstances and that the accused had no
intention to kill. Accidental homicide Is the death of a person brought about by a
lawful act performed with proper care and skill and without homicidal intent.
Parricide is the killing of his father , mother, or child, whether legitimate , or
illegitimate , or any of his ascendants or descendants , or his spouse. Elements to
be considered to fall down in a parricide type of case. First is that a person is killed,
that the deceased is killed by the accused, the deceased is the father, mother or
child of the suspect. Euthanasia was also included, it was stated that it is commonly
known as mercy-killing, an example of it is putting a person suffering from incurable
disease into painlessly putting them into death. Infanticide, it is said to be the killing
of a child who are less than three years old of age. Next is abortion, it is the willful
killing of the fetus, willful mans fully authorize, resulting to the death of the fetus.
There is also this intentional abortion where a person is the cause of the abortion,
example would be the violence done within the pregnancy period and upon the
violence made resulted to the abortion of the fetus. Next is physical injury, it is
anything harm that is done within every persons body, it is physically committed, and
results are physically seen. Mutilation, means the lopping or the clipping off of some
part of the body. Next is rape, rape is the forceful act on wanting to have sexual
intercourse either man, woman and LGBTQ. Under Republic Act No. 8353, the crime
of rape can now be committed by a male or a female . Before it’s amendment, rape
could be only be committed by a male person.

Specialized Crime related to Property

Crimes against property are defined as any criminal act that destroys another
person's property or deprives an owner of property against their will. Although the
criminal law considers these crimes to be less serious than violent crimes or crimes
against persons, they can still result in very serious felony charges.
Crimes that destroy another's property include arson and vandalism. Larceny,
embezzlement, receiving stolen goods, extortion (blackmail), robbery (a combination
of violent crime and crime against property), burglary, and industrial espionage, to
name a few. There is also a wide range of crimes that fall under the domain of
intellectual property law, and industrial espionage, to name a few. There is also a
wide range of crimes that fall under the domain of intellectual property law, and the
occurrence of these is increasing sharply as information becomes a stronger and
stronger motivator in the developed and developing world economies. Larceny was
the only type of property crime under early British common law. In those days, there
was also only one punishment for larceny: death. As time passed, judges became
increasingly hesitant to execute people for pick-pocketing and other crimes.
Many crimes that bore a striking resemblance to larceny were classified as
something else to avoid the death penalty. Special crime investigation necessitates a
close working relationship between the field investigator and the crime laboratory
technician. They work as a team, reacting to and extending one another's theories
and findings, both patiently and thoroughly working to solve a criminal justice system
in our country, where the court relies more on physical evidence rather than
extrajudicial confession.
Terms and Definitions
Criminal Investigator - A public safety officer who is tasked to conduct
investigation of all criminal cases as provided and embodied for under the Revised
Penal Code or criminal law of the country, and other special laws which are criminal
in nature. A well trained, well discipline and well experienced in the field of criminal
investigation duties and responsibilities.
Criminal Investigation - Is both a science and art in conducting inquiry pertaining to
crime or offense in consonance with legal procedures to establish the truth for the
interest of justice and equity.
Special Crime Investigation- Is a process of applying special equipment and
special expertise; it needs once expertise and a particular special instrument.
Crime Scene – A venue or place where the alleged crime incident event has been
committed.
Investigation- Is the collection of facts to accomplish a three- fold aim.
CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION-Investigation conducted by law enforcement officers
after a person has been arrested or deprived of his freedom of action.
MIRANDA DOCTRINE – A principle on the rights of a suspect from forced self-
incrimination during police interrogation as enshrined in the 1987 Philippine
Constitution Bill of Rights (Article 3, Sec.12).
COMBINED TASK FORCES – It is necessary for many crimes involving drugs,
gangs and terrorism and multi-disciplinary approach
CASE OFFICER – The person responsible for and in charge of the investigation of a
case.
CASE OPERATIONAL PLAN-A definite target-specific activity conducted in relation
to an intelligence project under which it is affected.
PROBABLE CAUSE – Is a factor or circumstances sufficient to convince a person of
normal intelligence that a suspect was probably involved in a specific crime.
Murder- the unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another.
Homicide- is the killing of one human being by the act, procurement, or omission of
another.
Accidental homicide- Is the death of a person brought about by a lawful act
performed with proper care and skill and without homicidal intent.
Parricide – Any person who shall kill his father , mother, or child, whether
legitimate , or illegitimate , or any of his ascendants or descendants , or his
spouse.
Euthanasia- Commonly known as mercy -killing – is the practice of painlessly
putting to death a person suffering from one incurable decease.
Infanticide – As the killing of any child less than three days old of age , whether the
killer is the parent or grandparent, any other relative of the child, or stranger.
Abortion – Willful killing of a fetus in the uterus or violent expulsion of the fetus from
the maternal womb which results to the death of the fetus.
Intentional Abortion – This is the willful killing of the fetus in the uterus , or the
violent expulsion of the fetus from the maternal womb, which results in the death of
the fetus.
Unintentional Abortion- The penalty shall be prison correctional in it’s minimum
and medium periods shall be imposed upon any person who shall cause an abortion
by violence , but unintentionally.
Physical Injury- Mechanical trauma, heat and cold, electrical discharges, pressure
changes, and radiation all cause physical injuries. Mechanical trauma is defined as
an injury to any part of the body caused by a blow, crush, cut, or penetrating wound.
Algor mortis- (Latin:algor - coldness; mortis - death) is the reduction in body
temperature following death.
Rigor mortis- (Latin: rigor - stiffness, mortis - death") is one of the recognizable
signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles after death, causing the
limbs of the corpse to become stiff and difficult to move or manipulate.
Autopsy - a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of
disease. Autopsy is derived from the Greek word "autos" - oneself and "opsis" -
sight/view.
Legal Medicine- is the branch of medicine which deals with the application of
medical knowledge for the purpose of law and in the administration of justice.
Medico-Legal Autopsy or Forensic or coroner's - autopsies seek to find the
cause and manner of death and to identify the decedent.
Clinical or Pathological autopsies are performed to diagnose a particular disease
or for research purposes.
Anatomical or Academic Autopsies - are performed by students of anatomy for
study purpose only.
Virtual or Medical Imaging Autopsies - are performed utilizing imaging technology
only, primarily magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Forensic Autopsy - is used to determine the cause and manner of death.
Anatomy - the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans,
animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the
separation of parts.
Biochemistry - the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physico-
chemical processes and substances which occur within living organisms.
Admission - Any statement of fact made by a party which is against his interest or
unfavorable to the conclusion for which he contends or inconsistent with the facts
alleged by him.
Armed Robbery - This involves the use of weapons such as firearm, a
knife or other dangerous weapons.
Arrest - The legal taking of a person into a custody in order that
he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense.
Arrest Warrant - An order in writing issued in the name of the
Philippines commanding or directing a peace officer to arrest the person described
therein and brings it before the court.
Arson - An act of willfully and maliciously damaging or destroying a
building or other property by fire or explosion.
Accused - A person who’s case was forwarded to the office of the
prosecutor and filed in court.
Baseline - a method of locating object, particularly useful in in
large, irregularly shaped outdoor areas.
Confession - An express acknowledgment by the accused in a criminal
prosecution of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charged, while admission refers
to statements of fact not directly constituting
an acknowledgment of guilt.
Corpus Delicti - Latin for the “body of the crime”.
Crime - A generic term referring to many types of misconduct
forbidden by law.
Criminal - A person who is convicted by final judgment.
Criminalist - The officer responsible for recording a crime scene and
recognizing and preserving physical evidence.
Criminal Law - One that defines crimes treats of their nature and
provides for their punishment.
Crime Scene Sketch - A simple diagram that creates a mental pictures
of the scene to those who are not present.
Forcible Rape - Sexual intercourse carried out against a person’s will
by the use of physical violence.
Information - The general term referring to the knowledge acquired
by criminal investigator from various sources. Data gathered by an
investigator from other persons including the victim himself and
other sources.
Instrumentation - The application of instrument and method of physical
science in the detection and investigation of crime.
Interview - The simple friendly questioning of people who have the
information officially needed by investigators.
Interrogation - The vigorous or aggressive questioning of person
suspected of having committed an offense or a person who is reluctant
or willing to make a full disclosure of information in his possessions,
which is pertinent to the investigation of a criminal case.
Investigation - The collection of basic facts establishing that a crime
has been committed and that some other person is responsible thereof.
Modus Operandi - Methods of Operation, Modes of Operation, Manner of
committing the crime.
Murder-Suicide - An act in which an individual kills one or more other
persons immediately before or at the same time as him or herself.
Phenomena - A circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually
exists or existed.
RA 7438 - An act defining certain rights of person under custodial
investigation.
RA 8353 - The Anti-Rape Law of 1997.
Three Fold Aim of Criminal Investigation
1. Identify the Perpetrator
2. Locate the Perpetrator
3. Provide Evidence
Conclusion
Special Crime Investigation is concerned with the investigation of major
crimes using special investigative techniques. The research focuses on physical
evidence, including proper collection, handling, identification, and preservation in
collaboration with the crime laboratory. Learning different cases, the way they are
committed and the extent of its coverage makes me realize that the field of Criminal
Investigation is still broad in terms of processes and techniques. I was thankful
enough to understand it by the help of our instructor. Therefore I conclude that this
semester is a success for all of us, giving us new knowledge, that can be used in our
future references. I am hoping to learn more within the upcoming years if luckily
enough survive this semester. To God be the Glory.