Diesel engine

Diesel engine
The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of
the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to the mechanical
compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-called compression-ignition engine.

A type of internal combustion engine which ignites fuel by injecting it into hot, high-pressure air in a
combustion chamber. The fuel is injected in the form of a very fine spray, by means of a nozzle, into
the combustion chamber.
Diesel Engine
The diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that utilizes diesel fuel to
perform the combustion process. The working principle of the diesel engine is
almost the same as gasoline engine, but there is little difference in step effort this
machine. Rudolf Diesel, maybe that name sounds strange to ours. But he is the
one behind the invention of diesel engines.

there is a difference between diesel and gasoline engines. This difference arises
because the diesel engine is have harder duty cycle, so the material used must
also be adjusted. But in general 4 stroke diesel engine components are not
nearly the same as 4-stroke gasoline engine. there will be hundreds of
components on a 4 stroke diesel engine. These components certainly have their
own duties and functions.

8 Main Parts Of Diesel Engine And Their Function

Diesel Engine Main Parts

The main component of a diesel engine is all the components that are directly
related to the 4 stroke diesel fuel cycle.
1.Cylinder Block Asyembly

Cylinder block is the main component of internal combustion engine both 2

stroke and 4 stroke. This component becomes a primary component to place
various engine compartments that support the working process of the machine.

Cylinder block made of cast iron which has a high degree of precision. Generally
on a block cylinder has several components ;

 Cylinder / main linner. This component will serve as a place up and down
the piston.The components is made of iron and aluminum alloy located
inside of engine block using press method, so it will be difficult to detach.
 Water jacket. Water jacket is a cooling water sheath located inside the
engine block. The goal for the engine cooling process takes place. hole-
shaped water jacket inside the cylinder block that surrounds the linner.

Oil feed lines. The oil hole on the cylinder block serves to create the
engine oil line from the cylinder head to the crankcase. This hole will
support the engine oil circulation process to all diesel engine parts.

2. Cylinder Head Asyembly

Cylinder head
In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder
block. It closes in the top of the cylinder, forming the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a
head gasket.
The second component unit is located on the top of the engine. Similar to
cylinder block, this component is also made of cast material. Currently aluminum
head cylinder seems to be an option, because it is lighter and stronger. This unit
consists of valve & spring, camshaft, rocker arm, and combustion chamber.

Valve & spring. This component becomes the door that will open and close the
intake and exhaust channels on the combustion room. While spring will keep the
valve closed.
Camshaft. Camshaft is a component that have several cam, this cam have a
function to press the valve. Once valve pressed, the channel of intake or exhaust
port will open.

Rocker arm. This component will press the valve when the nok touches the top
of the rocker arm. So the intake / exhaust channel can open. Generally rocker
arm has valve gap adjustment system, either manual or automatic (Hydraulic
Lash Adjuster).

Combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is a small space used for

combustion. the result is a blast of fire used to push the piston down. Usually this
combustion chamber is found on indirect injection diesel engine.
3.Piston and connecting rod

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A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, (Diesel engine and Gasoline engine), and
other similar mechanisms. ... In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas
in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod.

In general there are three core parts on the piston namely;

Compression ring. This rings are elastic in function to prevent the occurrence
of air leaks during the compression stroke. The way this ring works is to close the
gap between the piston wall and the main linner.
 Oil ring. Ring printed under the compression ring serves to prevent engine
oil from entering the combustion chamber.

 Piston Pin. A pin located inside the piston to connect the piston with the
connecting rod. This pin is tubular, when connected to the small end it will
function like a hinge.
4. Crankshaft

Crankshaft is a component made of cast iron which is used to turn the piston up
and down motion into a rotary movement. The working principle of crankshaft is
similar when we using a bicycle. this component is made of special iron alloy
that has high strength and anti-fatigue.

Some parts on the crankshaft are;

Crank pin. Crank pin is a pin that will connect to the big end on the connecting
rod.

Crank journal. While the crank journal is a pin that serves as a shaft on the
crankshaft in order to spin. Crank journaling will be attached to the cylinder block.
Weight balance. This component is located opposite the crank pin, its function as
a counterweight as well as to drain the oil to the entire inside of the machine.
5. Oil Pan

Oil pan (Carter) is a special tub that serves to accommodate engine oil. Although
only served as a container of engine oil, this component also can not be made
carelessly. Generally these components are made of thin iron like zinc, but some
cars have combined with thicker materials.
6. Timming Chain Asyembly
The timing chain is included in the valve mechanism system, its function to
connect the crankshaft and camshaft rotation with a certain angle. The
component of this chain is located on the front of the engine. This chain will
connect the sprocket gear from the crankshaft with the sprocket gear of the
camshaft.

7. Fly Wheel
Flywheel initially serves to balance the engine speed. This component is made
of solid iron that can store torque, that's why this component can balancing the
engine speed.

In addition, flywheel also serves to power the engine, this can be seen from the
outside of the flywheel that has many gear. The gear will be connected with
starter motor pinion to start the engine.

8. Fuel System Assembly

Diesel engine fuel system
The function of the diesel fuel system is to inject a precise amount of atomized and
pressurized fuel into each engine cylinder at the proper time. Combustion in a diesel
engine occurs when this rush of fuel is mixed with hot compressed air. (No electrical spark is
used in a diesel engine.)
This component consists of fuel tank to injector. Diesel fuel system serves to
supply a number of diesel fuel into the combustion chamber during the stroke.
There are two kinds of fuel systems in diesel engines, namely conventional and
common rail systems. The advantages of diesel engines that use common rail is
more efficient and economic. This is because the common rail system has been
carrying computerized control, so the calculations can be done accurately.

The above components are very influential on the success of the diesel engine
working cycle. If there is damage to any of the above components, the diesel
working process will be disrupted.

COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION

CONVENTIONAL TYPE FUEL INJECTION
DISTRIBUTOR (ROTARY )TYPE FUEL INJECTION PUMP

INLINE FUEL INJECTION PUMP

Does a diesel engine have an ignition system?

In a diesel engine, ignition is achieved by compression of air alone. ... Compressions
as great as this heat up the air to a temperature high enough to ignite the fuel
spontaneously, with no need of a spark and therefore of an ignition system.

How does a diesel ignition system work?

Injected fuel is ignited by its reaction to compressed hot air in the cylinder, a more
efficient process than that of the spark-ignition internal-combustion engine. ...
The diesel engine gains its energy by burning fuel injected or sprayed into the
compressed, hot air charge within the cylinder.

What causes ignition in a diesel engine?

Diesel engines work by compressing only the air. This increases the air temperature
inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel injected into the
combustion chamber ignites spontaneously.

How do turbo diesel engines work?

How does a turbocharger work? ... The turbocharger on a car applies a very similar
principle to a piston engine. It uses the exhaust gas to drive a turbine. This spins an air
compressor that pushes extra air (and oxygen) into the cylinders, allowing them to burn
more fuel each second.
 DIESEL ENGINE TROUBLE ON HAVING AIR IN THE FUEL SYSTEM

What are the symptoms of having air in the fuel line?

Symptoms of a Bad or Failing Fuel Return Hose

 Strong fuel odor, engine misfires, and decreasing power.
 Carburetor flooding, engine stalling, and hard starting.
 Fuel leaks.
Where is the bleed screw on a diesel engine?

Where is the bleed screw on a diesel engine? There may be more than one,
depending on the size of the motor. You can find them on top of the fuel filters fitted to
the engine. Start by loosening the screw on the first filter by a half turn

Why is it necessary to bleed a diesel system?

When you change a diesel fuel filter, run out of fuel or disturb the fuel system, air is
trapped. When you try to start the engine this air acts as a lock, preventing the normal
supply of fuel into the cylinder. Here are the steps to take in bleeding air from a diesel
fuel system: ... Turn off fuel valve.

Will a diesel run without battery?

it will run without an alternator....but not without a battery. you need to keep 12 volts
going to the fuel stop solenoid on the injection pump. As long as you have that you're
good to go.