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  • The Wiggers Diagram

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    Kuro Shiro
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    The Wiggers diagram summarizes the cardiac cycle over 0.8 seconds through graphs of pressure, volume, electrocardiography (ECG) readings, and heart sounds. It shows 6 phases: 1) atrial contraction, 2) isovolumetric contraction, 3) rapid ejection, 4) isovolumetric relaxation, 5) rapid filling, and 6) atrial relaxation. The pressure graph depicts changes in atrial and ventricular pressures driving opening and closing of the mitral and aortic valves. The volume graph shows the left ventricle filling and emptying over the cycle. ECG waves correspond to atrial and ventricular electrical activity, and heart sounds occur during isovolumetric phases as valves snap shut.

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    The Wiggers diagram

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    The Wiggers diagram summarizes the cardiac cycle over 0.8 seconds through graphs of pressure, volume, electrocardiography (ECG) readings, and heart sounds. It shows 6 phases: 1) atrial contraction, 2) isovolumetric contraction, 3) rapid ejection, 4) isovolumetric relaxation, 5) rapid filling, and 6) atrial relaxation. The pressure graph depicts changes in atrial and ventricular pressures driving opening and closing of the mitral and aortic valves. The volume graph shows the left ventricle filling and emptying over the cycle. ECG waves correspond to atrial and ventricular electrical activity, and heart sounds occur during isovolumetric phases as valves snap shut.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    28 views2 pages

    The Wiggers Diagram

    Uploaded by

    Kuro Shiro
    The Wiggers diagram summarizes the cardiac cycle over 0.8 seconds through graphs of pressure, volume, electrocardiography (ECG) readings, and heart sounds. It shows 6 phases: 1) atrial contraction, 2) isovolumetric contraction, 3) rapid ejection, 4) isovolumetric relaxation, 5) rapid filling, and 6) atrial relaxation. The pressure graph depicts changes in atrial and ventricular pressures driving opening and closing of the mitral and aortic valves. The volume graph shows the left ventricle filling and emptying over the cycle. ECG waves correspond to atrial and ventricular electrical activity, and heart sounds occur during isovolumetric phases as valves snap shut.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    The Wiggers diagram, is a pectoral representation of the cardiac cycle (pressure, volume, sounds and

    valve state in a heartbeat). The axes represent time, from zero ms to 800 ms (0.8s). The top Y axis
    represents pressure from zero to 120 mm Hg. The bottom Y axis represents Left Ventricular volume.
    There is an ECG, heart sounds and 6 heart states.

    The pressure graph starts with the atrial contraction (Phase 1), when it contracts the pressure
    increases to about 25 mm hg and then decreases. It decreased because the blood moved from left
    atria to the left ventricle, and the force of the movement helps the mitral valve to close. The atrial
    pressure increases again, because in isovolumetric contraction (phase 2) the blood pushes to the
    aorta and to the atria as well, which makes the mitral valve to push back to the atria. Once the blood
    has been ejected from the ventricles, the atrial pressure goes back and the pressure stays relatively
    the same till the isovolumetric relaxation phase (phase 5), where the left atrium is being filled again,
    and it fills till the pressure in left atrium overtakes the pressure in the left ventricle, this is where the
    mitral valves is pushed open for the blood to dumped to the left ventricle. Because the blood is
    going through to the ventricle, the pressure decreases again.

    During atrial contraction, the pressure in the left ventricle will increase a bit because blood rushing
    from the left atrium to the ventricle will hit the walls of the ventricle raising its pressure. In
    isovolumetric contraction the left ventricle contracts, raising the pressure in that chamber, until a
    point ~80 mm hg where the pressure in the ventricle allows the blood to push against the aortic
    valve, which is depicted in the rise of the aorta pressure, in here the ventricular pressure overtakes
    the aortic pressure which will open the aortic valve. The left ventricular and aorta pressure increases
    to the maximum pressure generated. When the pressure is falling to ~100 mmHg the pressure in the
    aorta is much higher than in the ventricle, making the aortic valve to shut. As the ventricle relaxes
    the pressure decreases and would stay low until the next ventricular contraction. As for the aortic
    pressure, when the aortic pressure closes, the pressure then tapers off until the next point when the
    aortic valve opens again.

    When the atria contracts into the left ventricles the blood volume will increase to above 125 mL
    from 120 mL resting volume, however this is too much for the ventricles to handle thus some of the
    blood goes up to the atrium again. Once the ventricle gets to the rapid ejection phase a lot of the
    blood is traveling out of the ventricles causing this drop in left ventricular volume. Once the blood is
    pumped out, the ventricles go into isometric relaxation phase and then into the rapid ventricular
    filling phase where the blood volume increases again to the next cardiac cycle.

    In the ECG (electric activity measure of heart). The first wave is the P wave which signifies the atrial
    contraction. The QRS complex signifies the ventricular contraction. The T wave depicts ventricular
    relaxation. After the T wave the ECG remains low until the next cardiac cycle in which the waves are
    present again.

    The heart sounds “Lub dup”. the major ones are during isometric contraction and isometric
    relaxation. The heart sound is made due to the valves closing. The first heart sound (Lub) is
    produced by the closure of the valve leaflets of the mitral valve. The second heart sound (dub) is
    produced by the closures of the aortic valve leaflets. The heart sounds occur in parallel to the states
    in which the pressure of ventricles overacts the pressure in aorta or atrium.

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