Container Cargo

Container Cargo
DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 1

Containerization History
In 1930, Malcolm McLean thought up a shipping container innovation which revolutionized freight handling. Rather
than manually loading and unloading goods from a truck onto a ship or vice versa, McLean thought it would be
much more convenient to simply load the container itself. Hence a new form of time saving cargo container was
born, one which was stackable for transport by sea yet could also be loaded onto a truck or a railroad car.
Since first introduced in the 1950s, containers have revolutionized the carriage of general cargoes which presented
great advantages both in ease and speed of handling, cargo security, and together with other factors have transformed
both ships and ports.
South Korean shipping line HMM
now owns the world's largest
container ship (HMM Algeciras),
which has a capacity of 23,964 teu.
The ship was lunched on 04.2020.
Evergreen shipping line now owns
the world's largest container ship
(Ever Ace), which has a capacity of
23,992 teu. The ship was lunched on
08.2021.
The Container Specifications
Container is steel box with measurement 8 X 8 x 10/20 /40 feets with a watertight door from one side edge, there
are also some sizes i.e.48 feets.
International Convention for Safe Containers

Approved Continuous Examination Program
Each container has special numbers on the four sides in addition to the top of container (for the crane operator) ,
there are many types of containers specified for certain types of cargo such as the reefer , chemicals containers
and gases inside a cylinder that found in an empty container frame.
Types of Container
Cargo containers come in all different shapes to accommodate an individual’s cargo needs.
According to ISO 4346 of January 1996, a distinction may be drawn between the
following types:
1. General purpose containers
2. Dry bulk containers/bulk containers
3. Named cargo containers
4. Thermal containers
5. Open-top container
6. Platform containers
7. Tank containers
8. Air/surface containers
Further distinctions are drawn within these
groups depending on design and principal characteristics.

The Container handling Equipment
All container or open side containers , each of them has specific sites for loading from the bottom side through
two holes to be raised by forklift, also in the upper four corners there are places specified for lifting the
container by the cranes equipments on board or discharging to the shore.

The Container Ship Specifications
• The containers are shipped inside the ships, called (cells ships).
• Crew accommodation designed in the foreship/aft side in the third
part.
• The enlarged hatch cover and the ship deck represent transfer passages
that the ship can be divided to areas same as the container dimensions
longitudinally and horizontally to load the largest number of
containers.
• The containers are going to be arranged on each other as lines up to

the ship deck then the hatch cover will be closed and can load over
the hatch cover in different heights (reaching 11 tier in some
ships) according to the ship size and her capability’s of stability.
• The ship size can be measured by number of containers loads.

• The container is watertight, so if one container dropped in the water, it
can be floated, in addition to that the cargo will be stowed inside the
container and tied to avoid movement.
Advantages of containers
1. Any type of goods can be loaded in the container.
2. Relatively fast ships, so the handling of the goods between seller and buyer is
reduced, leading to less damage.
3. Containers can be handled rapidly with modern high- speed equipment,
leading to a reduction in port turn- round time of the ships, and hence
better vessel utilisation, and increased efficiency.
4. Standardisation has led to a rationalisation of the number and type of
cargo-handling equipment required.
5. Goods are protected against the weather at all stages of their handling, and
are protected in the stow by the container body, rather than be over stowed
directly by all manner of other goods.
The 1972 Convention for Safe Containers has two goals.

1. To maintain a high level of safety of human life in the transport and
handling of containers by providing generally acceptable test procedures and
related strength requirements.
2. To facilitate the international transport of containers by providing uniform
international safety regulations, equally applicable to all modes of surface
transport. In this way, the spreading of conflicting national safety regulations
can be avoided.
Loading and discharge in container terminals
❖ Providing the stowage plan according to the loading and discharge
ports and arranged without any contradiction.
❖ The ship will be discharged from the coming containers by quay crane
from/to the quay side over the ship until reaching the ultimate width of
the ship. The movable crane operator cockpit joining with lifting device
(spreader) design to lift up the container from ship then moving
widely toward the quay side and lowering down on the shore position
or, in the specific vehicles and so on.
❖ They may be more than one crane according to the ship size and a group
of vehicles, trucks, trolleys, forklifts and cranes on the quay to re-
stow and arrange containers.
❖ Through straddle carriers, gantry cranes the operation can be extended to

the Yard and stores.
❖ After discharge, the loading begins according to the stowage plan,

and after positioning each container in place, the number of which
will be written in the specific cell mentioned in stowage plan.
❖ Sometimes, loading and discharge can be done in same time through
two different cranes.

Shipping and discharge precautions
1. Taking care to the ships trim and list during loading or discharging and
its negative effects during.
2. Calculate the expected stresses on the ship deck and in an

allowable average to avoid deformation in the deck.
3. Taking care to the risks when stowing containers in the highest tiers
and the effect of heavy load over light cargo, and stability condition
also container and their effects in the case of high sea and strong wind.
4. It is essential to separate the dangerous cargo in specified places

along with posting the IMO code and taking the necessary precautions.
5. Taking precautions of shipping regarding stowage obstacles on deck

such as navigation lights, cranes, wheel house and crew passing
through safety access.

Containers Stowage
1. The containers are shipped longitudinally either on deck or on

the hatch covers.
2. Stowage and lashing does not cause any extra stresses to the
ship, and allow safe passing for ships crew.
3. Lower tiers of containers that does not extend on the container
fittings, must be put on thick wood to distribute the load and
friction, especially in case of charging on non container ship.
4. When loading containers on deck, it is essential to use the
international lashing material between containers such as bridge
fittings, twist lock and cones.
5. Take in consideration fitness of lashing points, containers weight
and expected weather condition.

Lashing Containers
The design criteria for a coastal vessel's container stowage
arrangement differ entirely from the requirements for a mega
containership, and so do their container lashing systems.
1. Using one of the three ways explained in the figures.

2. Protect containers against sliding and capsize during
pitching or rolling, so require well lashing.
3. Using the wire cables, chains, locks sufficient for assigned
weight and tight force.
4. The dunnag supporter should not exceed 2 meters and
the Turnbuckle & bottle screw in the same tight force along
the voyage.
5. Bottles screw and clasps should be greased to prevent rust
and should tie strongly to press the wire cable.

Lashing Equipment

Lashing Containers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CB6mKabgqQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vEZvjVFizM
C8A fully automatic twist lock

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euYwMviOuYo
Stacking Cones
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jddKrpiAyYE
bridge fittings/clamps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-i4NzU-cdM


Container Cargo

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Container Cargo

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Container Cargo

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Container Cargo

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 1

International Convention for Safe Containers

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 5

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 6

• The containers are going to be arranged on each other as lines up to

• The ship size can be measured by number of containers loads.

The 1972 Convention for Safe Containers has two goals.

❖ Through straddle carriers, gantry cranes the operation can be extended to

❖ After discharge, the loading begins according to the stowage plan,

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 9

2. Calculate the expected stresses on the ship deck and in an

4. It is essential to separate the dangerous cargo in specified places

5. Taking precautions of shipping regarding stowage obstacles on deck

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 10

1. The containers are shipped longitudinally either on deck or on

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 11

1. Using one of the three ways explained in the figures.

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 12

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 13

C8A fully automatic twist lock

DRY-CARGO-HANDLING_ DR. ALYAMI HANI 14

You might also like