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    The Digestive System

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    Luz Dianne Soloria
    The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The process involves both mechanical and chemical stages. The mechanical stage uses the teeth, tongue, stomach contractions and intestinal movements to break food into smaller pieces. The chemical stage uses enzymes to break food down into even smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. The major organs involved are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines and anus.

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    The Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    Luz Dianne Soloria
    7 views3 pages
    The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The process involves both mechanical and chemical stages. The mechanical stage uses the teeth, tongue, stomach contractions and intestinal movements to break food into smaller pieces. The chemical stage uses enzymes to break food down into even smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. The major organs involved are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines and anus.

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    THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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    The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The process involves both mechanical and chemical stages. The mechanical stage uses the teeth, tongue, stomach contractions and intestinal movements to break food into smaller pieces. The chemical stage uses enzymes to break food down into even smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. The major organs involved are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines and anus.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    7 views3 pages

    The Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    Luz Dianne Soloria
    The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The process involves both mechanical and chemical stages. The mechanical stage uses the teeth, tongue, stomach contractions and intestinal movements to break food into smaller pieces. The chemical stage uses enzymes to break food down into even smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. The major organs involved are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines and anus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chemical Stage

    Enzymes found in the digestive


    Food – body fuel. system constitute the chemical stage.
    - Any substance that, when Digestive enzymes – are fluids that
    absorbed into your body hasten the chemical reaction needed
    tissues, yields materials for to break down starch into simpler
    the production of energy. form called glucose, protein into
    - Also provides materials for amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and
    the growth, maintenance, glycerol.
    and repair of body tissues. Alimentary canal - a long tube-like
    structure where food passes.
    Digestion – is the process of reducing
    food to smaller molecules that can be The major organs of the digestive
    absorbed by the body. tract are:
    The process of digestion has two  Mouth
    main functions:  Esophagus
    1. To break down large pieces of  Stomach
    food into tiny particles.  Small intestines
    2. To break the tiny particles of  Large intestines
    food into molecules.  Anus

    The digestive process is divided into The Mouth


    two stages: - Food passage begins in the
     The mechanical phase mouth.
     The chemical phase Mucus – which moistens the food,
    comes from the cells lining the
    Mechanical Stage mouth.
    Mechanical stage – is performed by - It makes the food easier to
    the teeth and tongue, through the swallow.
    contractions of stomach, and through Saliva – like mucus, lubricates the
    the movements of the intestines. food and it also contains the enzyme
    Mechanical processes break up foods amylase.
    by means of tearing, biting, cutting, Amylase – breaks down starch into
    grinding and mashing them into very simpler sugar called maltose.
    fine mixture. Tongue – is a muscular organ.
    - It moves the food so it can
    be chewed by the teeth.
    Pharynx – large area at the back of Gastric juice – formed by the
    the mouth where food is being forced combinations of enzymes, water, and
    into. hydrochloric acid.
    Epiglottis – a structure that closes Hydrochloric acid – a strong acid
    over the air passage each time you that helps break up the connective
    swallow. tissue and cell membranes in food. It
    also kills many harmful bacteria.
    The Esophagus Proteases – break down proteins.
    Esophagus – (also spelled as Pepsin – The principal stomach
    oesophagus) is a tube that connects protease and it breaks down protein
    the pharynx and stomach. into polypeptides.
    - It carries food from the
    mouth to the stomach. The Small Intestine
    Mucosa – The layers of cells that line Three parts of the small intestine
    the tube  Duodenum
    - These layers contain many  Jejunum
    mucus-secreting cells.  Ileum
    Lumen - The hollow interior space of
    the alimentary canal. Duodenum – is the upper 20
    Peristalsis – a rhythmic muscular centimeters connected to the
    action. stomach.
    Jejunum – is about 2.5 meters long.
    The Stomach Ileum – is the longest half coiled
    Stomach – a large J-shaped organ at through the abdominal cavity.
    the end of the esophagus and on the
    left side of the body. Villi – tiny finger like projections
    When the food reaches the end of protruding out of the mucosal fold
    the esophagus, it goes past a inside the intestines.
    sphincter muscle. Microvilli – the plasma membrane of
    each epithelial cell is folded into
    Three kinds of cells in the stomach many tiny projections.
    mucosa:
     Secretes mucus The Pancreas and the Liver
     Secretes enzymes Two functions of the pancreas:
     Secretes hydrochloric acid and 1. It produces hormones that
    water. regulate the homeostasis of
    blood glucose.
    2. It produces pancreatic juice esophagus, leaving a sour or bitter
    that neutralizes the acidic taste in mouth.
    stomach contents before they
    move into the rest of the small
    intestine.
    Lipase – an enzyme that breaks down
    fat molecules.
    Liver – the largest gland in the body.
    Bile – is the greenish-yellow liquid
    produced in the liver where it is
    stored in a small pouch called the
    gallbladder.

    The Large Intestine


    - Also called as the colon,
    large intestine is only about
    two meters long but is twice
    as wide as the small
    intestine.
    - One major function of the
    large intestine is to absorb
    water from the lumen.
    Appendix – a small projection where
    the small and large intestines joins. It
    has no known function to humans.
    Feces – Solid indigestible waste.
    Rectum – The last 20 or 30
    centimeters of the colon.
    Indigestion or dyspepsia – another
    name for an upset stomach.
    - Happens when people eat too
    much, too fast, or when they eat
    foods that do not “agree” with them.
    - Symptom is stomachache
    Heartburn – chest pain
    - Caused by stomach acid
    splashing up and irritating the

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