MLB 110 MLS M 1920 02 (1) Molecular Exams

INDEX NUMBER
ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY B.TECH MEDICAL
LABORATORY SCIENCE (LEVEL 100 MORNING)
END OF SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2019/2020 ACADEMIC YEAR COURSE
CODE: MLB 110 COURSE TITLE: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSTICS
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS DATE:14/10/2020
TIME ALLOWED: 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES
SECTION A. Indicate whether the response to the preceding statements are TRUE or FALSE. A WRONG
ANSWER is penalty of 1 MARK.
1. Both strands of DNA serve as templates concurrently in

A.Replication
B.excision repair
C.mismatch repair
D.none of these
2. Proofreading activity to maintain the fidelity of DNA synthesis

A.occurs after the synthesis has been completed
B.is a function of the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerases
C. Occurs during synthesis
D.occurs in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes
3. I/WE form a phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides to repair nicked DNA? Whom am
I? A.Helicase
B.DNA gyrase
C.Topoisomerases
D.DNA ligase
4. The following enzymes cannot catalyze the synthesis of DNA

A.DNA polymerase
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B.DNA gyrase
C.DNA ligase
D.Helicase
5. Which of the following statements on replication in Eukaryotes is True?

A.It occurs in a unidirectional manner
B.It occurs in bidirectional manner
C.It can occur during resting night
D.None of the above is true
6. The replication of chromosomes by eukaryotes occurs in a relatively short period of time

because A.the eukaryotes have more amount of DNA for replication
B. the eukaryotic replication machinery is 1000 times faster than the prokaryotes
C. multiple replicons exist in eukaryotes
D.eukaryotic DNA is always single stranded
7. In E.coli, the following enzymes do NOT synthesize the RNA primer for Okazaki fragments?
A.DnaA
B. DnaC
C. DnaG
D.None of the above F
8. A new DNA molecule is precisely synthesized during the following EXCEPT?

A.Trasformation
B. Transcription
C.Translation
D.Replication
9. DNA gyrase is inhibited by

A.Tetracycline
B.nalidixic acid
C.both (a) and (b)
D.Cephalosporin
11. The following enzyme(s) unwind short stretches of DNA helix immediately ahead of a replication
fork?
A. DNA polymerases
B. Helicases
C.Single-stranded binding proteins
D.DNA Helixases
12. During DNA replication in prokaryotes, synthesis begins on the circular chromosome
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A.always at the same place
B.at any stretch of DNA that is high in AT pairs
C.randomly on the chromosome
D.at the promoter
13. DNA replication rates in prokaryotes are approximately of the order of

A.10 bases per second
B.10x100 bases per second
C.1,000 bases per second
D.10,000 bases per second
14. Which of the following lacks 3'-5' exonuclease activity?

A.Short fragment of DNA polymerase I
B.Taq DNA polymerase
C.T4 DNA ligase
D. None of the above
15. The synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase occurs in the

A. 3' to 5' direction
B. 5' to 5' direction
C. 5' to 3' direction
D. 3' to 3' direction
SECTION B. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
16. I, 3’-CGCATGTAGCGA-5’, a lagging strand of a DNA molecule undergoing replication. What is the
code of the DNA strand template complementary to the leading strand of this segment?
A 3’-CGCATGTAGCGA-5’
B 5’-CGCATGTAGCGA-3’
C 3’-GCGTACATCGCT-5’
D 5’-GCGTACATCGCT-3’
17. …………………..genetic material is lost during normal DNA replication from the telomeres?
A Enzymatic action of telomerase

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B “Unzipping” by DNA helicase
C Attachment of DNA polymerase to the leading strand
D Joining of adjacent Okazaki fragments
18. You need the strongest dissociation energy to break me because I have the strongest
complementary base bond. Who am I?
A A:U
B All are equal
C A:T
D G:C
19. A point mutation within what functional division of a DNA sequence would be most likely to
ultimately result in the production of proteins which differ from the non-mutated form by only a
single amino acid?
A introns
B Exons
C Exenes
D Telomeres
20. In what direction is DNA synthesized when catalyzed by DNA polymerase?
A DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the 5’→4’ direction,
B DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the 5’→3’ direction,
C DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the 3’→5’ direction
D DNA polymerase catalyze the synthesis of DNA in all directions
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21. I am an exzyme and I synthesize DNA in 5’→3’ direction. Whom am I?
A DNA polymeryzer
B Reverse transcriptase
C Forward primer
D None of the above
22. Pyrimidine dimers resulting from UV light damage to DNA are removed from sequences via the
action of what class of enzymes?
A. Polymerases
B. Helicases
C. Ligases
D. Endonucleases
23. What is the functional relationship between codons and amino acids?
A Many different codons may code for the same amino acid
B A single codon may code for many different amino acids
C Codons and amino acids randomly associate around a particular tRNA
D A given amino acid is only coded for by a single codon
24. Where within the eukaryotic cell might a drug which exclusively binds to tRNA binding sites exert
its effects?
A. The cytosol
B. The lysosome
C. The mitochondrial inner membrane
D. The nucleus
25. What constitutes the phosphodiester bonds in DNA?
A. Hydrogen bonds between nucleosides

B. Covalently linked nucleotides
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C. Hydrogen bonds between complementary strands
D. Covalently linked amino acids
26. What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?
A. Uracil, Thymine, Adenine and Guanine

B. Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine and Guanine
C. Thymine, Adenine, Lytosine and Guanine
D. Thymine, Adenise, Guanine, Cytosol
27. What are the four nitrogen bases in RNA?
A. Uracil, Thymine, Adenine and Guanine

B. Cytosine, , Adenine, Uracil and Guanine
C. Thymine, Adenine, Lytosine and Guanine
D. Thymine, Adenise, Guanine, Cytosol
28. DNA replication is ____________________________, with each __________________ acting as a template for the
synthesis of a complementary _______________. (fill in the gaps)
Semi-conservative, parent strand, new strand

TRUE
29. What enzyme breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between two strands (pictured below)of DNA?
A. Endonuclease
B. Exonuclease
C. Helicase
D. Histone
30. What is pictured above in the DNA replication process?

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A. Replication bubble
B. Leading strand
C. Lagging strand
D. Ligase
E. Replication fork
31. I am a DNA template and I grow continuously towards the replication fork.
A. Lagging strand
B. DNA strand
C. RNA strand
D. Replicating strand
E. Leading strand
32. DNA polymerase III reads the parent strand in a ____ to ____ direction, while building the new strand
in
______ direction (____to _____).
3’ 5’, opposite 5’ 3’
TRUE
33. What enzyme replaces RNA primer on the leading strand with DNA?
A. Polymerase III
B. Ligase
C. Polymerase I
D. Helicase
34. The lagging strand is the new strand that grows discontinuously away from the replication fork.
A. True
B. False
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35. What is the name of the fragments of the lagging strand pictured above?
A. Binding proteins
B. Fragmenting lagging strand
C. Okazaki segments
D. Coding strands
36. What enzyme will solve this problem in the lagging strand? (Pay attention to the red section in
the picture).
A. Ligase
B. Binding proteins
C. Helicase
D. Polymerase I
37. The new DNA strand formed after DNA replication is an exact copy of its parent strand. True or
False?
A. False
B. True
38. What is the key enzyme that keeps DNA strands from binding back together once separated?
A. Binding proteins
B. Ligase
C. Helicase
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D. DNA wall
39. DNA and RNA are different because:
A. DNA uses Uracil while RNA uses Thymine

B. DNA is double stranded while RNA is triple stranded
C. DNA is only found in the nucleus while RNA can travel anywhere in the cell
D. DNA is made of four bases while RNA is made of five bases
E. B and C are correct
40. Using the following RNA sequence, what would be the corresponding DNA strand?
UAACGCUGGCUC
A. AUUGCGACCGAG
B. TAACGCTCCCTC
C. UATCGCTGGCUC
D. ATTGCGACCGAG
E. None of the above is correct
41. Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA monomer?

A. Messenger
B. Transcription
C. Transfer
D. Ribosomal
E. These are all types of RNA
42. The following molecules are involved in transcription.
A. DNA and rRNA

B. DNA, mRNA, amino acids, and rRNA
C. DNA and tRNA
D. DNA and mRNA
43. The following molecules are involved in translation.
A. DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and amino acids

B. DNA and mRNA
C. DNA and rRNA
D. DNA, rRNA, and tRNA
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44. What would be the corresponding sequence to the following DNA sequence as a result of
TRANSCRIPTION?TAAGCATTCCGAG
A. ATTCGTAAGGCTC
B. AUUCGUAAGGCUC
C. UTTCGTUUGGCTC
D. UUUGCUUUCCGUG
45. Where in the cell would rRNA be found?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Golgi Apparatus
D. Cholorplast
46. What is the role of messenger RNA?

A. To bring the DNA message to the mitochondrion
B. To bring the tRNA message to the nucleus
C. To bring the DNA message to the ribosome
D. To take amino acids to the ribosome
47. An mRNA codon has the following sequence: ACU

What is the corresponding tRNA sequence called, and what would the sequence be?
A. Anticodon; UAG
B. Codon; TGA
C. TCode; TGU
D. Anticodon; UGA
SECTION C. fill in the gaps
48. state four differences between RNA and DNA.

A.
B.
C.
D.
49. State the 6 basic rules of replication in Eukaryotes

a.
b.
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c.
d.
e.
f.
50. Describe the basic principle of Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.
Examiner: Mr. Seth Agyemang
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INDEX NUMBER

ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

1. Both strands of DNA serve as templates concurrently in

2. Proofreading activity to maintain the fidelity of DNA synthesis

4. The following enzymes cannot catalyze the synthesis of DNA

5. Which of the following statements on replication in Eukaryotes is True?

6. The replication of chromosomes by eukaryotes occurs in a relatively short period of time

8. A new DNA molecule is precisely synthesized during the following EXCEPT?

9. DNA gyrase is inhibited by

13. DNA replication rates in prokaryotes are approximately of the order of

14. Which of the following lacks 3'-5' exonuclease activity?

15. The synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase occurs in the

SECTION B. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.

A Enzymatic action of telomerase

C Attachment of DNA polymerase to the leading strand

D Joining of adjacent Okazaki fragments

B All are equal

20. In what direction is DNA synthesized when catalyzed by DNA polymerase?

A DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the 5’→4’ direction,

B DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the 5’→3’ direction,

C DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the 3’→5’ direction

D DNA polymerase catalyze the synthesis of DNA in all directions

D None of the above

B A single codon may code for many different amino acids

C Codons and amino acids randomly associate around a particular tRNA

D A given amino acid is only coded for by a single codon

25. What constitutes the phosphodiester bonds in DNA?

A. Hydrogen bonds between nucleosides

26. What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?

A. Uracil, Thymine, Adenine and Guanine

27. What are the four nitrogen bases in RNA?

A. Uracil, Thymine, Adenine and Guanine

Semi-conservative, parent strand, new strand

30. What is pictured above in the DNA replication process?

39. DNA and RNA are different because:

A. DNA uses Uracil while RNA uses Thymine

41. Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA monomer?

42. The following molecules are involved in transcription.

A. DNA and rRNA

43. The following molecules are involved in translation.

A. DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and amino acids

45. Where in the cell would rRNA be found?

46. What is the role of messenger RNA?

47. An mRNA codon has the following sequence: ACU

SECTION C. fill in the gaps

48. state four differences between RNA and DNA.

49. State the 6 basic rules of replication in Eukaryotes

50. Describe the basic principle of Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.

Examiner: Mr. Seth Agyemang

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