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    Conditionals & Wishes

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    Ángel Mejia
    Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). There are three types of conditional sentences: general truths or scientific facts use the present simple in both clauses; real or likely possibilities in the present/future use various tenses in the main clause after "if" and the present simple; and imaginary or unlikely situations use various forms in the main clause after forms like "if" and "had". Wishes can also be expressed using "wish" or "if only" with different verb forms to talk about present, past, or desired situations.

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    Conditionals & Wishes

    Uploaded by

    Ángel Mejia
    12 views8 pages
    Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). There are three types of conditional sentences: general truths or scientific facts use the present simple in both clauses; real or likely possibilities in the present/future use various tenses in the main clause after "if" and the present simple; and imaginary or unlikely situations use various forms in the main clause after forms like "if" and "had". Wishes can also be expressed using "wish" or "if only" with different verb forms to talk about present, past, or desired situations.

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    Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). There are three types of conditional sentences: general truths or scientific facts use the present simple in both clauses; real or likely possibilities in the present/future use various tenses in the main clause after "if" and the present simple; and imaginary or unlikely situations use various forms in the main clause after forms like "if" and "had". Wishes can also be expressed using "wish" or "if only" with different verb forms to talk about present, past, or desired situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views8 pages

    Conditionals & Wishes

    Uploaded by

    Ángel Mejia
    Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). There are three types of conditional sentences: general truths or scientific facts use the present simple in both clauses; real or likely possibilities in the present/future use various tenses in the main clause after "if" and the present simple; and imaginary or unlikely situations use various forms in the main clause after forms like "if" and "had". Wishes can also be expressed using "wish" or "if only" with different verb forms to talk about present, past, or desired situations.

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    CONDITIONALS

    By
    Osmar Cruz
    WHAT’S • Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause
    (hypothesis) and the main clause (result).

    THAT? • When the if-clause comes before the main clause, the two
    clauses are separated with a comma.

    If the weather is good, we will go on a picnic.

    We will go on a picnic if the weather is Good.

    NOTE:
    We don't use a comma
    when the if-clause
    follows the main clause.
    IF-CLAUSE (hypothesis) MAIN CLAUSE (result)

    0 conditional If/when + present simple Present simple


    general truth or scientific fact If/When you stay in the sun too long, you get sunburnt.
    1st conditional If + present simple Future simple, imperative,
    Real, likely to happen in the can/must/may, etc + bare infinitive
    present/future If I finish my homework early, I’ll come to the party. If you are ill,
    call the doctor. If you do the washing up, you may play outside.
    2nd conditional If + past simple Would/could/might + bare infinitive
    • Unreal or imaginary If I had a few days off, I’d go to the seaside.
    situation in the (BUT I don’t have a few days off) unreal past. If I were you, I’d see
    present/future a doctor. (advice)
    • Advice
    3rd conditional If + past perfect Would/could/might have + past
    • Imaginary situation in the participle
    past If they had seen James, They would have told me.
    • Regret (BUT they didn’t) If you had studied harder, you wouldn’t have
    • Criticism failed the exam. (Criticism)
    We can use were instead of was for all persons in the if-clause of Type 2
    conditionals.

    ▪ If he were/was rich, he could help us with our problem.

    ▪ With type 1 conditionals we can use unless


    + affirmative verb or if + negative verb.

    ▪ Unless you leave now, you won’t catch the last bus.)

    ▪ (= If you don’t leave now, you won’t


    catch the last bus.)

    NOT: (Unless you don’t leave)


    We can form conditionals by using words/expressions such as unless (type 1
    conditionals), providing/provided that, so/as long as, on condition that, what
    if, even if, supposed/supposing, (type 2 conditionals), otherwise (=if not), but
    for, and, or (else), even if, in case/in the event of.

    You’d better leave now. Otherwise, you’ll miss the flight.

    ▪ (If you don’t leave now, you’ll miss the flight.)

    I’ll go to the cinema providing/provided


    (that) I find tickets.
    ▪ (…. If I find tickets)

    Suppose/Supposing you lost your keys, what would you do?


    In the event of an emergency, sound the alarm.
    WISHES
    We can use wish/if only to express a wish.
    WISHES
    I wish/If only Use
    + past simple/ past I wish/ If only I was/were rich. To say that we would like to be
    continuous (but I’m not) different about a present situation.

    + past perfect I wish/ If only I had listened To express regret about something
    to your advice. (but I didn’t) which happened or didn’t happen in
    I wish/ If only I hadn’t said the past.
    anything. (but I did)
    + sb/sth + would + I wish you would tidy your room. To express:
    bare infinitive (Please, tidy your room.) • A polite imperative
    I wish the wind would stop blowing. • A desire for a situation
    (wish for a change in a situation) or person’s bahaviour
    I wish/If only John would stop insulting to change
    people. (wish for a change in someone’s
    behaviour)
    o If only is used in exactly the same way as wish but it is more emphatic or
    more dramatic.

    o We can use were instead of was


    after wish and if only.

    ▪ If only/ I wish I was/were taller .

    o After the subject pronouns I and we, we use could instead of would.

    ▪ I wish I could travel abroad.

    o (NOT: I wish I would travel…)

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