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Asynchronous Programming and Performance in JavaScript That You Might Not Be Familiar With-Javascript

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
73 views

Asynchronous Programming and Performance in JavaScript That You Might Not Be Familiar With-Javascript

Asynchronous Programming and Performance in JavaScript That You Might Not Be Familiar With-Javascript

Uploaded by

Shahab Uddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CopyProgramming
Home PHP AI Front-End Mobile Database Programming
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Javascript

PDF on Asynchronous Programmin


g and Performance in JavaScript Th
at You Might Not Be Familiar With
Author: Melissa Silva Date: 2023-04-13

If you want to delve deeper into JavaScript beyond the fundamentals, then "Effective
JavaScript: 68 specific ways to harness the power of JavaScript" by David Herman is a
great resource, especially if you have a keen interest in web application
development.

Table of contents

You Don't Know JS: Async and Performance

Kyle Simpson asyncify function from You Don't Know JS: Async & Perfo
rmance

Top 7 Best JavaScript Books Recommended by the Professionals

Is JavaScript synchronous or asynchronous?

What happens when async function runs without await?

Do async methods that await a non-completed task affect performance?

You Don't Know JS: Async and Performance


Solution:

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It seems that you have correctly identified a possibility of data misordering when
making multiple ajax calls (which was a keen observation, well done +1). With the
provided code, such misordering may occur.

1.

2. ajax call 1 starts

3.

4. ajax call 1 finishes

5. Add the initial 1000 elements retrieved from the first call.

6.

7. ajax call 2 starts

8. Add the succeeding 1000 items following the first call.

9.

10. ajax call 2 finishes

11. Add the initial 1000 items of the second call.

12. Add the succeeding 1000 items from the first call.

When considering performance, it's important to note that it encompasses multiple


aspects. If you're referring to the duration it takes for a block of code to run,
chunking may lead to poorer performance. However, in frontend development,
performance is primarily focused on user experience since Javascript code runs on
the main thread. For instance, if an operation takes 10 seconds, the UI becomes
unresponsive for that duration. But by breaking it down into chunks, users can still
interact with the page while the operation runs, even if it takes a bit longer to finish.
Node.js - Why doesn't .then() need the async keyword, You don't need to specify that
then() is asynchronous because you only call it on a promise. Therefore it is only ever
going to be resolved asynchronously. I'd draw a parallel to .map() - you call it on an a
rray but you don't need to specify a loop. It's already going to run against all values i
n the array.
Ta buy javascript and jquery interactive front end web development

g buy javascript the definitive guide by david flanagan


s: buy javascript the good parts by douglas crockford

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Kyle Simpson asyncify function from You Don't Kno


w JS: Async & Performance
Solution 1:

The code appears to express this idea in a complex manner.

function asyncify(cb) {
return function() {
setTimeout(function() {
cb.apply(this, arguments);
}, 0);
}
}

However, it is important to note that I am only stating what appears to be the case. It
is possible that there are crucial details that I have overlooked in the aforementioned
exchange.

Explaining ` bind.apply ` can be a bit more challenging. These are techniques


available for every function that enable you to call it with a specific context ( ` this
` ) and, in the case of ` apply ` , accept arguments as an array.

In the context of ` bind ` , the function being applied is "bind itself", rather than the
object on which "apply" is being used. This means that the object "apply" could have
been any type of object. To better understand this line, we can rephrase it as follows:

Function.prototype.bind.apply(...)

The signature of Bind is represented as follows: ` .bind(context, arg1, arg2...) `

The arguments in ` bind ` are not obligatory and are commonly used for currying, a
primary use case. The author's intention in this scenario is to bind the original
function to the current ` this ` context and the arguments used for invoking the
"asyncified" function. As we cannot predict the number of arguments to be passed,
we need to use apply, which accepts an array or an actual ` arguments ` object as
arguments. To clarify what occurs, below is a verbose rewrite of this section.

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var contextOfApply = orig_fn;


var contextWithWhichToCallOriginalFn = this;
var argumentArray = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
argumentArray.unshift(contextWithWhichToCallOriginalFn);
// Now argument array looks like [ this, arg1, arg2... ]
// The 'this' is the context argument for bind, and therefore the
// context with which the function will end up being called.
fn = Function.prototype.bind.apply(contextOfApply, argumentArray);

Actually...

The difference between the simple version I gave and the original version lies in a
missing nuance that I noticed upon reviewing it again. The function I provided
doesn't create another function that is always async, but rather ensures that the
function is only async once. This ensures that the callback is not executed during the
same tick in which it was created, but will execute synchronously thereafter.

I believe it is feasible to express this in a more amicable manner.

function asyncify(cb) {
var inInitialTick = true;
setTimeout(function() { inInitialTick = false; }, 0);
return function() {
var self = this;
var args = arguments;
if (inInitialTick)
setTimeout(function() { cb.apply(self, args); }, 0);
else
cb.apply(self, args);
}
}

It is worth mentioning that the aforementioned code does not perform as


advertised. In reality, the function's execution frequency is somewhat arbitrary when
using either the timeout or synchronous method. This is due to setTimeout being a
subpar replacement for setImmediate, which is the ideal solution for this function,
but may not be possible if it needs to run on both Mozilla and Chrome.

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The setTimeout function's millisecond value is a flexible target that never truly
reaches zero. Even if the value is set to zero, it will always take at least 4ms to
execute, and multiple ticks may pass during that time.

Suppose you are transported to a magical land where ES6 features function
flawlessly and there are no debates about implementing basic utilities like
setImmediate. In this scenario, the code could be rewritten to ensure reliable
behavior. Unlike setTimeout with a 0 millisecond delay, setImmediate truly
guarantees execution on the next tick rather than at a later time.

const asyncify = cb => {


var inInitialTick = true;
setImmediate(() => inInitialTick = false);
return function() {
if (inInitialTick)
setImmediate(() => cb.apply(this, arguments));
else
cb.apply(this, arguments);
}
};

In fact...

Another difference is that the original function only executes once, with the final set
of arguments, even if it is called during the "current tick which is actually an arbitrary
number of successive ticks". It is unclear whether this behavior was intended or not
without context. This is due to the fact that fn is overwritten on each call before the
first timeout completes. This behavior is similar to throttling, but only lasts for an
unknown length of time, approximately 4ms after its creation, and becomes
unthrottled and synchronous thereafter. Debugging the Zalgo invoked by this
function may prove to be a challenge.
Solution 2:

I aim to invest my 5 coins towards the implementation of this function example,


which falls under the ` asyncify ` vision.

Shown below is a case study, identified as ` You Don't Know JS: Async &
Performance ` , which includes my observations and alterations.

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function asyncify(fn) {
var origin_fn = fn,
intv = setTimeout(function () {
console.log("2");
intv = null;
if (fn) fn();
}, 0);
fn = null;
return function internal() {
console.log("1");
if (intv) {
// commented line is presented in the book
// fn = origin_fn.bind.apply(origin_fn, [this].concat([].slice.call(ar
console.log("1.1");
fn = origin_fn.bind(this, [].slice.call(arguments)); // rewritten line
}
else {
console.log("1.2");
origin_fn.apply(this, arguments);
}
};
}
var a = 0;
function result(data) {
if (a === 1) {
console.log("a", a);
}
}
...
someCoolFunc(asyncify(result));
a++;
...

Shall we delve into the process and understand how it operates?

I recommend contemplating two possibilities, namely ` synchronous ` and `


asynchronous ` .

Assuming ` someCoolFunc ` represents ` synchronous ` .

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` someCoolFunc ` looks like that:

function someCoolFunc(callback) {
callback();
}

The console logs will be triggered in the following sequence: "1" followed by "1.1",
then "2", and finally "a" 1.
Why so, let's dig dipper.

The initial step is to invoke the function named ` asyncify(result) ` . Within the
function, the instruction is given to ` setTimeout ` to incorporate it.

function () {
console.log("2");
intv = null;
if (fn) fn();
}

Let's remember that the function will be invoked asynchronously at the next tick of
the event loop when it is added to the end of the tasks queue.

Following the execution of ` asyncify ` , the function ` internal ` is returned.

return function internal() {


console.log("1");
if (intv) {
// commented line is presented in the book
// fn = origin_fn.bind.apply(origin_fn, [this].concat([].slice.call(ar
console.log("1.1");
fn = origin_fn.bind(this, [].slice.call(arguments)); // rewritten line
}
else {
console.log("1.2");
origin_fn.apply(this, arguments);

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}
};

` someCoolFunc ` will manage the outcome, while taking into account the

assumption that ` someCoolFunc ` equals ` synchronous ` . This will trigger an


immediate call to ` internal ` .

function someCoolFunc(callback) {
callback();
}

In this scenario, the relevant segment of the ` if ` code will be executed.

if (intv) {
// commented line is presented in the book
// fn = origin_fn.bind.apply(origin_fn, [this].concat([].slice.call(argume
console.log("1.1");
fn = origin_fn.bind(this, [].slice.call(arguments)); // rewritten line abo
}

At this branch, we ensure that the context and arguments of ` fn ` function are
identical to those of ` origin_fn ` function by reassigning the value of ` fn ` to `
origin_fn.bind(this, [].slice.call(arguments)); ` .

Upon returning from ` someCoolFunc ` to the line, we proceed to increase ` a++ ` .

The synchronous code has been completed and we have made a mental note to
remember the postponed snippet that was scheduled with setTimeout. It is now time
to execute it.

function () {
console.log("2");
intv = null;
if (fn) fn();
}

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The code snippet that appeared in the console as "2" was executed from the event
loop's task queue. The "msdt_code1" snippet is present and was defined within the
"msdt_code2" function. As a result, the "msdt_code3" statement was accepted and
the "msdt_code4" function was called.

Yey, that's it :)

However, there remained an unconsidered aspect. Specifically, we only examined the


` synchronous ` occurrence in the ` someCoolFunc ` scenario.

Assuming that ` someCoolFunc ` represents ` asynchronous ` , we can fill the gaps


and visualize it as follows:

function someCoolFunc(callback) {
setTimeout(callback, 0);
}

The console logs will be triggered in the following sequence: "2" is followed by "1.2",
which in turn is followed by "1", and finally "a"1.

Similar to the first scenario, the initial function is referred to as ` asyncify ` and
performs identical tasks - creating schedules.

function () {
console.log("2");
intv = null;
if (fn) fn();
}

This code snippet will be executed during the next event loop tick, after any
synchronous operations have been completed.

After this point, there is a change in the process. The immediate invocation of `
internal ` is no longer happening. Instead, it is added to the event loop's task

queue. The tasks queue already has two postponed tasks: the setTimeout callback
and the ` internal ` function.

Upon returning from ` someCoolFunc ` to the line, we proceed with the


incrementation of ` a++ ` .

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Once the synchronous tasks have been completed, it is now time to execute the
postponed tasks in the order they were placed. The first callback that needs to be
invoked is for ` setTimeout ` , which will display "2" in the console.

function () {
console.log("2");
intv = null;
if (fn) fn();
}

The value of ` intv ` is changed to ` null ` , causing ` fn ` to become ` null ` .


As a result, the ` if ` statement is not executed and the task is removed from the
queue.

Previously, we had left the ` internal ` function in the tasks queue. Now, as we take
the final step, we can recall that this function is being invoked.

The branch of ` if ` has been terminated because ` intv ` was configured to `


null ` .

else {
console.log("1.2");
origin_fn.apply(this, arguments);
}

Upon observing "1.2" in the console, the apply function is used to call ` origin_fn `
. The function ` origin_fn ` is equivalent to ` result ` in this scenario. As a result,
the console displays "a" followed by 1.
That's it.

Regardless of whether ` someCoolFunc ` behaves as ` synchronous ` or `


asynchronous ` , the ` result ` function will be called when ` a ` equals 1.
You Don’t Know JavaScript Book Review (Kyle Simpson), Author Kyle Simpson is a de
facto JavaScript guru. If you’re new to JavaScript, start with the intro book Up and Go
ing (aka Get Started). 🔎 And if you finally want to understand closures, Scope and C
losures is a good choice. 🧭 Two of the books have been updated to version 2.0. Ch
eck them out here. What Books …

https://copyprogramming.com/howto/you-don-t-know-js-async-performance-pdf 10/22
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Top 7 Best JavaScript Books Recommended by the Pr


ofessionals
At the start of 2021, you make a resolution to engage in productive activities, and
one of your plans is to acquire new knowledge or enhance your existing skill-sets. If
you're considering web development as part of your objectives, then you've come to
the right place.

When it comes to web development, it's likely that you're aware of the widespread
use of JavaScript. This scripting language has long been associated with front-end
web development, but it's now used for both client-side and server-side tasks. So
before delving into the topic at hand, let's explore JavaScript further.

In this article, I have compiled a list of the seven most informative and beneficial
books for enhancing your skills as a JavaScript developer. Without further ado, let's
delve into our main topic and begin exploring these resources.

Comprising of six well-written and organized books, "You Don't Know JS" series by
Kyle Simpson is an excellent resource for gaining a deep understanding of JavaScript
concepts. It is important to note that prior basic knowledge of JavaScript is required
before delving into this series. If you lack basic knowledge of programming
languages like C, C++, or Java, it is advisable to gain that knowledge before starting
this series.

These six books are listed below:

You Don’t Know JS: Up and Going

Types and Grammar in You Don't Know JS

You Don’t Know JS: ES6 and Beyond

Async and Performance" from "You Don't Know JS

This and Object Prototypes" from the "You Don't Know JS" series.

Scope and Closures in the You Don't Know JS series.

Both versions of this book series can be located on this platform.

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First edition

Second edition

Buy You Don’t Know JS by Kyle Simpson

David Herman's book titled "Effective JavaScript" offers 68 targeted methods for
leveraging the capabilities of JavaScript.
If you seek a tool to enhance your programming skills, this book is an excellent
choice. It covers not only the aforementioned aspect but also several other concepts
such as writing improved and sustainable code.

Gain practical knowledge of JavaScript's variable semantics and functions.

A guide on utilizing object-oriented programming based on prototypes.

And many more

By reading this book, you will acquire knowledge of both small and large application
development in JavaScript. The book also provides insight into the language's
significant components and common mistakes. Upon completion, you will have
developed into a proficient JavaScript developer with a solid grasp of the language.

Purchase David Herman's book titled "Effective JavaScript" which provides 68 precise
methods for utilizing the potential of JavaScript.

Mark Myers' book titled "a smarter way to learn javascript" presents an intelligent
approach to learning JavaScript.

If you are a beginner in the world of programming and lack any background
knowledge about JavaScript, then this book is the perfect choice for you.
Additionally, intermediate JavaScript developers who seek to enhance their language
comprehension can also benefit from reading this book. After finishing each chapter,
you can access interactive exercises on the author’s website to solidify your
knowledge. This book explains everything in simple, easy-to-understand language
and includes concise coverage of shorthand.

apters that are easy to digest.


This book covers:

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11/30/23, 2:43 AM PDF on Asynchronous Programming and Performance in JavaScript That You Might Not Be Familiar With - Javascript

Fundamentals of JavaScript

High-level ideas such as constructors and prototypes.

An introduction that is easy to understand for the users.

Visual aids such as drawings and charts to aid in comprehending the ideas.

Buy a smarter way to learn javascript by Mark Myers

Marijn Haverbeke's book titled "Eloquent JavaScript" is a recommended read.


For novice and intermediate JavaScript developers, this book is a masterpiece that
covers essential concepts, including control structure, data structure, and function.
As you delve deeper, you will also gain insights into advanced topics such as bug
fixing and error handling, modularity, and asynchronous programming. This book
will also help you gain expertise in basic web applications, syntax, data, control, and
the effective use of DOM.

Upon completing the given exercises in the topics learned, your ability to write clean,
practical, and beautiful code will be enhanced. Further details about this book can be
found in the article titled "Best Books to Learn Front-End Web Development".

Buy eloquent javascript by marijn haverbeke

Douglas Crockford's book titled "JavaScript: The Good Parts" is worth reading.

This book delves into both the positive and negative aspects of JavaScript. It aims to
educate readers on the appropriate use of the language by highlighting the good
parts and steering clear of the bad ones. By reading JavaScript: The Good Parts, you
can acquire knowledge on writing valid code that is more dependable,
comprehensible, and sustainable.

What you’ll learn:

Syntax

Objects

Functions

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Inheritance

Arrays

Regular expressions

Methods

Style

Beautiful features

In order to gain a better comprehension of this book, it is necessary to possess a b.

understanding of JavaScript concepts.


Purchase Douglas Crockford's book, JavaScript: The Good Parts.

David Flanagan's book titled "JavaScript: The Definitive Guide

Looking to learn JavaScript? This book is your perfect reference guide. It will take you
on an in-depth journey through all the language parts, starting from the very basics
of JavaScript.

Developing robust online applications.

A thorough investigation into the characteristics of web platforms and JS API.

And many more

The seventh edition is the latest version of this book, which includes additional
features and updated content from the previous edition. Among other things, the
sixth edition introduced concepts related to HTML5 and ECMAScript. If you are
interested in delving deeper into JavaScript for web application development, this
book is worth considering.

Purchase the book "JavaScript: The Definitive Guide" authored by David Flanagan.

7. Front-end web development with interactive JavaScript and jQuery.

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In this visually rich book, you can learn JavaScript and jQuery from scratch, and
enhance your ability to create interactive and user-friendly web pages. Further
details about this book are available in the article titled "Best Books to Learn Front-
End Web Development".

Select any book that meets your needs and kick off your new year's resolutions. The
books offer extensive knowledge on the subject matter, making it the most ideal
option. Opting for books to learn is an effective way of acquiring knowledge swiftly.

Purchase the book titled "javascript and jquery: interactive front-end web
development".

I trust that you will continue to acquire knowledge and develop yourself.
Javascript - Async await not working on html2pdf, Check out the MDN docs for Blob.
Depending on your use case a different access method may make sense. For more in
fo including how to turn them into a download prompt using createObjectURL, chec
k this article (under "Using Blobs").For sending its contents to the server, you probabl
y want to pass …

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Related questions
Is JavaScript synchronous or asynchronous?
JavaScript follows a synchronous programming approach where it sequentially
executes code from the top of the file until the end.

What happens when async function runs without await?


As mentioned in other responses, an async function executes until it encounters an
await statement, and it will run in its entirety if there is none. It is worth noting that
the use of async will always result in a Promise being returned.

Do async methods that await a non-completed task affect performance?


Async methods that await non-completed tasks may have a significant
performance overhead of around 300 bytes per operation on the x64 platform. It's
important to measure the performance before making any changes. If you notice
that async operations are causing performance issues, consider switching from
Task<T> to ValueTask<T>, caching a task, or making the execution path
synchronous if feasible.

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