ATD Tutorial 3

Tutorial Sheet No.
03
Numerical on Steam Nozzles and Steam Turbines
1. Calculate, the throat and exit diameter of the convergent divergent nozzle which will
discharge 820 kg of steam per hour from a pressure of 8 bar super heated to 220 0C into a
chamber having a pressure of 1.05 bar. Friction loss in the divergent part of the nozzle
may be taken as 0.15 of the total isentropic enthalpy drop. [1.5943 cm, 2.13 cm]
2. Dry steam at 10 bar and 100 m/s enters a nozzle and leaves it with a velocity of 300 m/s
at 5 bar. For 16 kg/s of mass flow rate, determine the heat drop in the nozzle and final
state of steam leaving nozzle. Assuming heat losses to the surrounding is 10 kJ/kg.
[30 kJ, 0.99]
3. In a nozzle, steam expands from 12 bar and 300 0C to 6 bar with flow rate of 5 kg/s.
Determine; throat and exit area if exit velocity is 500 m/s and velocity at the inlet to the
nozzle is negligible. Also, find coefficient of velocity at exit. [0.0032 m2, 0.00365 m2,
0.875]
4. Dry saturated steam enters in a nozzle at 12 bar and leaves at 1.5 bar with dryness
fraction of 0.95. Neglecting approach velocity, calculate exit velocity. If 12% of heat
drop is lost due to friction. Find the reduction in exit velocity. [599.04 m/s, 39.21 m/s]
5. Calculate the throat area of gas nozzle for the following data; inlet pressure-4 bar, Inlet
temp.–450 0C, back pressure- 1 bar, mass flow rate-20kg/s, coefficient of discharge-0.99,
nozzle efficiency-0.94, γ-1.333 and Cp- 1.11 kJ/kgk. [0.0336 m2]
6. An adiabatic steam nozzle is to be designed for a discharge rate of 10 kg/s and steam of
10 bar, 400 0C to a back pressure of 1 bar. The nozzle efficiency is 0.92 and the frictional
loss is assumed to take place in the diverging portion of the nozzle only. Assuming a
crictical pressure ratio of 0.5457, determine the throat and exit areas.[83.56cm2, 187.91
cm2]
7. Determine the mass flow rate of steam through a nozzle having isentropic flow through
it. Steam enters nozzle at 10 bar, 500C and leaves at 6 bar. Cross-section area at exit of
nozzle is 20 cm2. Velocity of steam entering nozzle may be considered negligible. Show
the process on h-s diagram also. [Mass flow rate = 2.202 kg/s]
8. An impulse turbine of 1 MW has steam entering at 20 bar and 300C and steam
consumption of 8 kg per kW hour. Steam leaves at 0.2 bar and 10% of total heat drop is
lost in overcoming friction in diverging portion of nozzle. If throat diameter of each
nozzle is 1 cm then determine (i) the number of nozzles required (ii) exit diameter of
each nozzle. [11, 12.5 cm2]
9. During a test on steam nozzle steam impinges a stationary flat plate which is
perpendicular to the direction of flow and the force on the plate is measured. The force is
found to be 350 N when dry saturated steam at 8 bar is expanded to 1 bar. Throat cross-
section area is 5 cm2 and exit area is such that the complete expansion is achieved under
these conditions.
Determine;
(i) the discharge at throat.
(ii) the efficiency of nozzle assuming that all the losses occur after throat and that n =
1.13 for isentropic expansion. [Discharge at throat = 0.521 kg/s, 55.37%]
10. Data pertaining to impulse turbine is as follows; steam velocity-500 m/s, blade speed-200
m/s, exit angle of moving blade-250, nozzle angle-200. Neglecting the effect of friction
when passing through blades, determine tangential force, power obtained, blade
efficiency and specific steam consumption. [559.26 N/kg of steam, 152.03 h.p., 89.5,
23.68 kg/h.p. hr]
11. Steam issues from the nozzle of a single stage turbine with a velocity of 1200 m/s. The
nozzle angle is 200, the mean blade velocity is 400 m/s and the inlet & outlet angles of
blades are equal. The mass of steam flowing to the turbine per hour is 900 kg. Calculate;
the blade angles, relative velocity of steam entering the blades, the tangential force on
blades and the power developed. [29.420, 835.40 m/s, 363.75 N, 197.79 h.p.]
12. Following data refers to a simple impulse turbine; Velocity of steam at inlet-1000 m/s,
the blade speed- 400 m/s, the exit angle of moving blade- 250, the nozzle angle-200, the
mass flow rate of steam – 4 kg/s, neglecting the effect of friction when passing through
the blades; draw velocity triangles and find; inlet angle of moving blade, exit velocity
and direction, work done per kg of steam and power, the axial thrust and the diagram
efficiency. [32.360, 324 m/s and 56.440, 447.34 kJ, 2433 hp, 287.92 N, 89.5%]
13. Single stage of an impulse turbine comprises of a row of nozzles and moving blades
each. Steam enters the nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar dry saturated with a velocity of 150
m/s. The pressure drops along the nozzle to 9 bar. Nozzle has discharge angle of 200 and
steam posses into blades without shocks. If the velocity coefficient for the nozzle is 0.90,
determine the following for the maximum condition efficiency; Blade angles of
equiangular blades, blading efficiency, and draw velocity triangles. [36.050, 83.8%]
14. Steam with a velocity 360 m/s inter the single stage impulse turbine. The nozzle is
inclined at an angle 200. The blade rotor with diameter 95.5 cm rotates with a speed of
300 rpm. Find; (a) Inlet and outlet angles for moving blades so that there is no axial
thrust on moving blades. It may be assumed that friction in blade passage 19% of the
kinetic energy corresponding to relative velocity at inlet to the blades, (b) power
developed in blading per kg of steam blades, (c) Kinetic energy of steam finally leaving
the stage. [33.180, 37.450, 71.15 hp, 778.39 m.kgf/kg]
15. Single stage impulse turbine has equal blade angles and nozzle angle of 15°. Determine
the maximum possible blade efficiency if the blade velocity coefficient is 0.85.
Determine the blade speed to steam velocity ratio if the actual blade efficiency is 90% of
maximum blade efficiency. [86.3%, 0.653 or 0.347]

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