CHM207 Lab Report Eks.2

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
UITM TERENGGANU, CAMPUS BUKIT BESI
CHM207
LAB REPORT
EKSPERIMENTS TITLE: DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE AND DETERMINE

THE BOILING POINT OF THE LIQUID
GROUP: AS1242A
NO. NAME STUDENT ID

1. MUHAMMAD NAZHIF SYAHMI B. 2022892922
MUSSALMAN
2. NUR AINA FIRZANAH BT. MOHD ROFFI 2022470092
3. MUHAMMAD AKMAL HAKIM B. AZLAN 2022497804
4. MUHAMMAD ILHAMI FATHI BIN 2022846152
HEMIZUL
LECTURER NAME: WAN FARAHIYAH BINTI WAN KAMARUDIN

OBJECTIVE
To learn the technique of distillation and boiling point determination.
INTRODUCTION
Simple distillation is the separation of a volatile liquid from a non-volatile
substance. When there is two or more mixture of volatile liquids with different
boiling points needed to be separate, distillation is termed as fractional
distillation. For a liquid with a boiling point greater than 250°C, vacuum
distillation is chosen instead to avoid decomposition of the liquid. This is
because the boiling point of a compound could be lowered when applied
pressure is reduced.
Water condensers are used when the boiling point of the liquid is less than
100°C. Otherwise, an air condenser is to be used instead.
CHEMICALS
30% of ethanol in water
Boiling chips (5-6 pieces)
APPARATUS
2-3 retort stands
150-100 ml round bottom flask
1 condenser
1 still head
1 thermometer
1 filter paper
2 rubber hoses
1 adapter
1 pocket thermometer
1 heating mantle
PROCEDURE
1 . The round bottom flask was filled with 25 ml 0f 30% ethanol . Few boiling
chips was added .
2 . A simple distillation apparatus was set up as shown in diagram. The
thermometer was put into the thermometer pocket .
3 . The liquid was heated at constant rate during the boiling , which was until
the distillation rate was about 2-3 drops per second .
4 . A stable temperature was recorded as the boiling point of the liquid to be
distilled .
5 . The ethanol collected was measured after the distillation and the percentage
yield of recovery was calculated .
DIAGRAM
DATA/RESULT
A: Record a stable temperature as the boiling point of the liquid to be
distilled.
Range of stable temperature (ºC)
Start: 32 ºC
End: 86 ºC
Boiling point of ethanol: 78 ºC
B: Calculation of percentage of ethanol recovered.

Volume (ml)
Initial volume of ethanol in 25 ml 25 ml
Volume of ethanol collected after 5.2 ml

distillation
Calculation of percentage recovery 5.2
× 100%
25
=20.8%
DISCUSSION
The distillation process takes advantage of the difference in boiling points
between ethanol and water. Ethanol boils at 78⁰C while water boils at 100⁰C.
Because the difference is large enough, we can separate these two substances
by heating them up and then recondensing.
At the end of the experiment the ethanol that recovered only 5.2 ml which
is 20.8% lower than the initial ethanol percentage which is 30%.
QUESTION
1. Draw the apparatus needed for distillation.
2. Explain why we need to use boiling chips in the distillation process.
The boiling chips are important in distillation process to provide nucleation sites
so the liquid boils smoothly without becoming superheated or bumping.
3. Ethanol has higher boiling point than propane. Draw the structure of ethanol
and propane and explain why.
Ethanol forms bonds between oxygen and hydrogen molecules while propane
forms only hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than hydro-oxygen
bonds, so it takes more heat to break O-H bonds than H-H bonds.
4. What is the theoretical value of ethanol’s boiling point? Compare the value
with your experimental value of boiling point. Explain why it is either.
Ethanol’s boiling point is 78°C.
The theoretical value of pure ethanol’s boiling point is 78.5⁰C. Based on

experiments it was found that the ethanol mixture starts to volatilize exactly at
a temperature of 78⁰C. Based on experiments it was found that the ethanol
mixture starts to volatilize exactly at a temperature of 78⁰C, therefore we
estimate the boiling point of ethanol to be at 78⁰C. based on this observation, it
can be seen that the boiling point of ethanol is lower than the boiling point of
water. This is because, hydrogen bonds are not as extensive in ethanol as in
water, so its boiling point is lower than water, even though its molecular weight
is greater.
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, the techniques of distillation were learned, and the boiling
point of ethanol was determined. Only 92% of ethanol was recovered from the
distillation process. Some of the ethanol vapors are still trapped in the apparatus
during the boiling process.
REFERENCES
1) http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/organic/Alcohols/Chapter%206/sec6-2/6-
2.htm
2) https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/university-of-
louisville/organic-chem-lab-i/lab-report/30470470

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FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

UITM TERENGGANU, CAMPUS BUKIT BESI

EKSPERIMENTS TITLE: DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE AND DETERMINE

NO. NAME STUDENT ID

LECTURER NAME: WAN FARAHIYAH BINTI WAN KAMARUDIN

Boiling point of ethanol: 78 ºC

B: Calculation of percentage of ethanol recovered.

Volume of ethanol collected after 5.2 ml

The theoretical value of pure ethanol’s boiling point is 78.5⁰C. Based on

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