Art has been defined in various ways.

Here Are some of the defintions given by various

authors:

 Art is derived from the Latin word “ars,” meaning ability or skill. – F.V Estolas

 Art is taken from the Italian word “artist,” which means craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form,
inventiveness, and the associations that exist between form and ideas, between material and
technique. – A. Tan

 Art is a product of man’s need to express himself. – F. Zueluta

 Art is concerned itself with the communication of certain ideas and feelings by means of
sensuous medium, color, sound, bronze, marble,words, and film. – G. Sanchez

 Art is that which brings life in harmony with the beauty of the world. – Plato
 Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind – one which demands for its own satisfaction and
fulfilling, a shapping of matter to new and more significant form. – Jonh Dewey

 Art is the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but significant qualities of
nature such as colors, sounds, lines, movements,words, stones,wood,etc., to express human
feelings emotions, or thougths in a perfect meaningful and enjoyable way. – Panizo and Rustia

Lesson 2: ART APPRECIATION: Creativity, Imagination, and Expression

Let’s Talk about It

It takes an artist to make art. One may perceive beauty on a daily basis. However, not every beautiful thing
that can be seen or experienced may truly be called a work of art.
Art is a product of man’s creativity, imagination, and expression. Not everyone can be considered an artist,
but all are spectators of art. We are able to distinguish what is fine and beautiful from what is not and what is good
quality and from poor. This gives us a role in the field of art appreciation.

Let’s Talk about It

ART APPRECIATION AS AWAY OF LIFE

“The role of art as a creative work is to depict the world in a completely different light and perspective”
– Jean-Paul Sartre
 Each artwork beholds beauty in its own kind, the kind that the artist sees and wants the viewers to
perceive
 More often than not, people are blind to this beauty and only those who have developed a fine
sense of appreciation can experience and see the art the way the artist did.
 Hence, refining one’s ability to appreciate arts allows him to deeply understand the purpose of an
artwork and recognize the beauty it possesses.
 In cultivating an appreciation of art, one should also exercise and develop his taste for things that
are fine and beautiful.
 This allows individuals to make intelligent choices and decisions in acquiring necessities and
luxuries, knowing what gives better value for time or money while taking into consideration the
aesthetic and practical value.
 Learning to appreciate art no matter what vocation or profession you have, will lead to a fuller
and more meaningful life.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART MAKING
 Creativity requires thinking outside the box.
 In art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork from another.
 When can we say that something is creative?
 When we have not seen anything like it
 When it is out of the ordinary
 When it is not just a copy or imitation of someone’s work …THERE IS ORIGINALITY!
 Nowadays, being creative can be quite challenging
ART AS A PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION, IMAGINATION AS A PRODUCT OF ART
“Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know
and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and
understand.” – Albert Einstein
 Imagination is not constrained by the walls of the norm, but goes beyond that.
 Through imagination, one is able to craft something bold, something new, and something better
in the hopes of creating something that will stimulate change.
 In artist’s mind sits a vast gallery of artworks
 An artwork does not need to be a real thing, but can be something that is imaginary.
 However, something imaginary does not necessarily mean it cannot be called art. Artists use their
imagination that gives birth to reality through creation.
 In the same way that imagination produces art, art also inspires imagination.
ART AS EXPRESSION
“What an artist does to an emotion is not to induce it, but express it. Through expression, he is
able to explore his own emotions and at the same time, create something beautiful out of them.” – Robin
George Collingwood
 Expressing emotions is different from describing emotions.
 This makes people’s art not a reflection of what is outside or external to them, but a reflection of
their inner selves.
VISUAL ARTS
 Creations that fall under this category are those that appeals to the sense of sight and are mainly
visual in nature.
 Artists produce visual arts driven by their desire to reproduce things that they have seen in the
way that they perceived them.
 There are also other artistic disciplines that also involve a visual aspect, such as performance arts,
theater, and applied arts.
 Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, drawings, letterings, printing, sculpture, digital
imaging.
FILM
 Film refers to the art of putting together successions of still images in order to create an illusion
of movement.
 Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural, and social value and is considered both an art and
an industry.
 Techniques in film-making process:
Motion-picture camera (also known as movie camera)
Animation techniques
Computer-generated imagery (CGI)
 Filmmaking simulates experiences or creates one that is beyond the scope of our imagination as it
aims to deliver
ideas, feelings, or beauty to its viewers.
PERFORMANCE ART
 Performance art is a live art and theartist’s medium is mainly the human body which he or she
uses to perform, but also employs other kind of art such as visual art, props, or sound

Elements of performance arts:

Time
Where the performance took place
The performer’s body
Relationship between the audience and the performer(s
  The fact that performance art is live makes it intangible, which means it cannot be bought or
traded as a commodity.
POETRY PERFORMANCE
 Poetry is an art form where the artist expresses his emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or
camera, but expresses them through words.
 These words are carefully selected to exhibit clarity and beauty and to stimulate strong emotions
of joy, anger, love, sorrow among others.
 It uses a word’s emotional, musical, and spatial values that go beyond its literal meaning to
narrate emphasize, argue, or convince.
 These words combined with movements, tone, volume, and intensity of the delivery add to the
artistic, value of the poem
ARCHITECTURE
 Art is the pursuit and creation of beautiful things while architecture is the making of beautiful
buildings.
 However, not all building are beautiful because some only embody the functionality they need,
but the structure, lines, forms, and colors are not beautifully expressed.

Important elements:
Plan Construction Design

Buildings should embody these three important elements if they wish to merit the title
architecture.

DANCE
 Dance is series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music accompaniment.
 Dancing is a creative art form that allows people to freely express themselves.
 IT HAS NO RULES.
 Choreography may seem not to allow this, but in art expression, dancers are not confined to set
steps and rules but are free to create and invent their own movements as longs as they deem them
graceful and beautiful.
LITERARY ART
 Artists who practice literary arts use words to express themselves and communicate emotions to
the readers.
 Simply becoming a writer does not make one a literary artist.
 Literary art goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic and other technical forms
of writing.
 It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific format or norm.
 It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels, biographies, and poems.
Romeo and Juliet – William Shakespeare
The Little Prince – Antoine de Sain-Exupery
THEATER
 Theater uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live audience.
 Theater art performance usually follows follow a script, though they should not be confused with
literary arts.
 Like in filmmaking, theater also considers several elements such as acting, gesture, lighting,
sound effects, musical score, scenery and props.
 Like performance art, theater also is a live performance.
 Genres: drama, musical, tragedy, comedy and improvisation
APPLIED ARTS
 Applied arts is incorporating elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim of
increasing their aesthetic value.
 Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into many things that were useful in
everyday life.
 Industrial design, interior design, fashion design, graphic design

References:

Bernado Nicolas Caslib,Jr. et al. Arp Appreciation, 2018, pp. 13-24

 Gary C. Devilles, Art Sense, 2018., pp.1-10
Mariano M. Ariola, Introduction to Art Appreciation, 2002., pp.4-8

For more information visit the link below:

https://www.slideshare.net/m obile/janril/art-appreciation- creativity-imagination-and-

expression

Duration : Week 4
Learning Objective: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Distinguish directly functional and indirectly functional ar.t
2. Apply concepts and theories on beauty and aesthetics in real life scenarios.

Lesson 3: FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ART

Let’s Talk about It

3.1. FUNCTIONS OF ART

Aristotle claimed that every particular substance in the world has an end, or telos in Greek, which
translates into “purpose.” Every substance, defined as formed matter, moves according to a fixed path
towards its aim. This telos, according to Aristotle, is intricately linked with function. For a thing to reach
its purpose, it also has to fulfill its function.

An inquiry on the function of art is an inquiry on what art is for.

Example: What is the Rizal monument for?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________.
• When it comes to function, different art forms
come with distinctive functions
Some art forms are more functional than
others
 Does it mean that paintings and
literary works can never have any
function?
 Dr. Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibustirismo .The novels accrued
value and as a consequence,
function. They are functional in so far
as they are designed to accomplish
some definite end.

3.1.1. Personal Function of Art

The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective.
 Functions depends on the artist who created the art.
 An artist may create an art out of self expression, entertainment, or therapeutic purpose.

3.1.2. Social Functions of Art

 Art is considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a particular collective interest
as opposed to a personal interest.
 Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or whatever message the artist intends his work
to carry.
  Political art is a very common example of an art with a social function.
 Art can also depict social conditions such as photography (pictures of poverty).
 Performance art like plays or satires can also rouse emotions and rally people toward a particular
end.

3.1.3.Physical Function of Art

 The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some
physical purpose.
 Architecture, jewelry-making, interior design all serves physical functions.

OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART

 Music was principally used for dance and religion. • The ancient world saw music as an
instrument to facilitate worship and invocation to gods.
 Music was essential for synchronicity of dancers.
 Music guarantees that warriors were simultaneous.
 Today, music has expanded its functions and coverage. • There is a lot of music that has no
connection to dance or religion.
Example: Serenade – People compose hymns to express feelings and emotions.
 Music is also used as accompaniment to stage plays and motion pictures
 Sculptures have been made by man most particularly for religion.
 In the Roman Catholic world, the employment of sculptures for religious purposes has remained
vital, relevant, and symbolic.
 Rizal and Bonifacio’s monument and commemorative coins (Pope Francis)
 Architecture may be the most prominent functional art.
 Unlike other forms of art, buildings take so much time to erect and destroy.
 One cannot dismiss taking into consideration the function of a building before construction.
 It is also in architecture where one can find the intimate connection of function and form.

3.2. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ART

3.2.1. Art as an Imitation
 In Plato’s The Republic, paints a picture of artists as imitators and art as mere imitation. • In his
description of the ideal republic, Plato advises against the inclusion of art as a subject in the
curriculum and the banning of artists in the Republic.

 In Plato’s metaphysics or view of reality, the things in this world are only copies of the original,
the eternal, and the true entities that can only be found in the World of Forms. • For example, the
chair that one sits on is not a real chair. It is an imperfect copy of the perfect “chair” in the World
of Forms.
 Plato was convinced that artists merely reinforce the belief in copies and discourage men to reach
for the real entities in the World of Forms.
 Plato was deeply suspicious of arts and artists for two reasons:
1. They appeal to the emotion rather to the rational faculty of men
2. They imitate rather than lead one to reality
 Poetry rouses emotions and feelings and thus, clouds rationality of people.
 Art is just an imitation of imitation. A painting is just an imitation of nature, which is also just an
imitation of reality in the World of Forms.
 Art then is to be banished, alongside the practitioners, so that the attitudes and actions of the
members of the Republic will not be corrupted by the influence of the arts.
 For Plato, art is dangerous because it provides a petty replacement for the real entities than can
only be attained through reason.
3.2.1.Art as a Representation
 Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation.
 However, Aristotle considered art as an aid to philosophy in revealing the truth.
  The kind of imitation that art does is not antithetical to the reaching of fundamental truths in the
world.
 Unlike Plato who thought that art is an imitation of another imitation, Aristotle conceived of art
as representing possible versions of reality.
 For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to represent reality as it is, it endeavors to provide a
version of what might be or the myriad possibilities of reality.
 In Aristotelian worldview, art serves two particular purposes:
 Art allows for the experience of pleasure (horrible experience can be made an object of humor)
 Art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things about life (cognitive)
ART AS A DISINTERESTED JUDGMENT
 Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, considered the judgment of beauty, the cornerstone
of art, as something that can be universal despite its subjectivity.
 Kant recognized that judgment of beauty is subjective. However, even subjective judgments are
based on some universal criterion for the said judgment. How and in what sense can a judgment
of beauty, which ordinarily is considered to be a subjective feeling, be considered objective or
universal?

HOW ARE THESE TWO STATEMENTS DIFFERENT?

1. “I like this painting.”
2. “This painting is beautiful.”

 The first is clearly a judgment of taste (subjective), while the second is an aesthetic judgment
(objective).
 Making an aesthetic judgment requires us to be disinterested. In other words, we should try to go
beyond our individual tastes and preferences so that we can appreciate art from a universal
standpoint.
3.2.3. Art as a Communication of Emotion
 According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a huge role in communication to its audience’s emotions that
the artist previously experienced.
 In the same that language communicates information to other people, art communicates emotions
 As a purveyor of man’s innermost feelings and thoughts, art is given a unique opportunity to
serve as a mechanism for social unity.
 Art is central to man’s existence because it makes accessible feelings and emotions of people
from the past and present.

References:

Bernardo Nicolas Caslib Jr., et.al .Arts Appreciation, 2018, pp. 25-37

For more information visit the link below:

Dayaw (6 episodes),
Legarda, 2015, online

https://www.slideshare.net/m obile/janril/functions-and- philosophical-perspectives- on-art

https://www.Slide.net.dennismarkdelacruz/functions-of -art