GD-GSR YOUSSOUFIA High School WRITING FOR MOROCCAN BACSTUDENTS Mr.

ELBOUKHARI

A. PARAGRAPH is a group of complete sentences that are related together and discuss a main idea. A standard
paragraph must include these elements.
1. The topic sentence 2. Supporting sentences 3. The concluding sentence 4. Transition words
( connectives)
The topic sentence is the first sentence in the
paragraph. It’s a complete sentence that
summarizes the content of the paragraph in a
general way.

Supporting sentences are the complete

sentences that come after the topic sentence to
support, explain, or develop it more. Supporting
sentences should :
- be specific enough by giving relevant details
- present examples, statistics, facts, ideas…
- be related together through the use of
transition words to achieve unity and coherence
of the paragraph

The concluding sentence is the last sentence in

the paragraph. It restates ( repeats in different
words) the main idea of the paragraph or
summarizes the content presented in it.
 easier and better. Additionally, research has confirmed the positive effect
Technology has many advantages. To of technology on our economic growth. Nowadays, 70% of world
begin with, it’s making our lives easier and businesses rely on technology to improve the quality of their products or
comfortable. In other words, people save more time services. Moreover, the various technological advances in transportation
and effort with the use of technology. For example, have turned our world into a small village. This has led to effective
machines and robots can perform all of our hard interaction between people from different places and cultures. In fact, with
tasks perfectly and in no time. Also, great inventions, all these advantages, technology has brought about many positive
like the telephone, computers, the television, the cell- changes to our every-day lives.
phone, and the internet have made communication

AN article is group of related paragraphs which develop and discuss a central idea. A standard essay must
include the following parts:

1. The introduction 2. The body 3. The conclusion .

- The introductory summarizes the main points discussed in the essay. It amay contain a call for
paragraph gives general action from the part of the writer.
information about the
topic.
- It introduces the central
idea of the essay to be
discussed in the essay.
- It introduces key words /
terms / …

- The body consists of at Technology is the application of science for economic, social, commercial, or practical
least two paragraphs. purposes. It has certainly
- Each paragraph begins changed our ways of life both positively and negatively. So, I believe that technology
with a clear topic sentence has some drawbacks in addition to its many advantages, too.
that is thematically related
On the one hand , technology has many advantages . To begin with, it’s
to the thesis statement or
central idea presented making our lives easier and a lot more comfortable. In other words, people save more
briefly in the introductory time and effort with the use of technology. For example, machines and robots can
paragraph.
perform all of our hard tasks perfectly and in no time. Also, great inventions, like the
- Each paragraph
contains within it telephone, computers, the television, the cell-phone, and the internet have made
supporting sentences to communication easier and better. Additionally, findings have shown the positive effect
support the topic
of technology on our economic growth. Nowadays, 70% of world businesses rely on
sentence, and ends with
a concluding sentence. technology to improve the quality of their products or services. Moreover, the various
- Supporting sentences technological advances in transportation have turned our world into a small village.
provide explanation, give This has led to effective interaction between people from different places and cultures.
examples, present facts
and statistics. In fact, with all these advantages, technology has brought about many positive

- Transition expressions changes to our every-day lives.

are used to relate On the other hand , there are some drawbacks to technology. First, people are
paragraphs together, or
to move smoothly from becoming more and more over-dependent on technology. Second, machines are replacing
one paragraph to the humans in factories. Consequently, more people are losing their jobs to automation ,
next one.
which has led to a rapid increase in unemployment rates, especially among young people.
- Transitions expressions
are used to relate Also, because of the incredible breakthroughs in entertainment industry, people have
sentences / ideas.
become less active. That’s to say, they exercize less and spend more too much time
- The conclusion : The
sitting before their TV sets, others before their computers surfing the internet or playing
concluding paragraph
video games. Additionally,
the technological
advancements in chemical
industry can be the source of
many modern dangerous
diseases, like cancer, HIV,
and H1N1. What’s more,
internet addiction is one of the
negative outcomes of modern
technology. In fact ,
technology can be a
harmful and destructive tool
sometimes.

To sum up, technology

has become an essential
part of our life. However, it’s
a double-edged sword that
can change our lives to the
better or to the worst. So, it’s
entirely up to us to use it
either wisely, or foolishly.
 AN ARGUMENTATIVE PARAGRAPH presents an opinion on a certain topic and lists a number of reasons, examples, facts, ideas to
support it.
The topic sentence presents the I believe that every student should study a foreign language for these reasons. First, knowing a foreign language
writer’s opinion / argument clearly. can help you a lot in life. If you speak more than one language, you have better chances to secure a decent job. In fact,
Many local companies today deal with other companies in other countries. So, they will certainly need employees who can
speak another language. Second, one’s life can be really interesting and exciting when they can talk to people from other
A number of reasons, examples, countries , read their books, watch their movies, and sing their songs. Nowadays, studying English, for example, gives one
facts are arranged in the form of the opportunity to learn about the world and its cultures. Remember that a language is not seperate from the people who
supporting sentences to support the speak it. When you learn a language you learn more than just words ; in other words ,you learn how other people think and
writer’s opinion / argument. live. In modern times, it’s very important for world peace that we understand one another. Additionally, When you study
a different language you learn about yourself, too. Learning another language gives you the chance to look at your own
language through someone else’s eyes. For example, English uses only one word for the pronoun you . So, when an
American studies Spanish and learns that Spanish uses two words for you, he may ask, “ Why does English have only one
The concluding sentence restates
word for you ?”. Therfore, the American is then learning about his language and culture. Given all these reason, I think
the writer’s opinion / agrument in
different words. that the world will be a better place if all students every where have the chance to study a foreign language.

There are many factors that can lead teenagers to drop out of school. One major cause is that many youths don’t
have positive role models in their lives. So, the absence of an encouraging adult in a young person’s life causes him or her to
think negatively about himself or herself. In other words, it will not allow them to live up to their full potential. Also, this lack
of a positive role model often results in their involvement with the wrong type of people and activities. When a student
become involved with the wrong crowd doing the wrong things, he or she usually doesn’t concentrate fully on his or her
studies. This can lead many young children to give up on their education quite early. Another cause of dropping out of school
is lack of determination. Since they’re not determined to graduate, it can be very difficult for many youngsters to stay in school.
Many students find it hard to stay focused on school as they believe that getting an education is useless nowadays. Others
simply hate school because they feel they are forced to attend classes. In some cultures, quitting school can be the result of
peer and family pressure. Unfortunately, many teenagers give up into this pressure very easily. Even worse, if the presence of
such pressure is too negative it can lead to states of depression and drug addiction. In fact, drugs become the only thing they
are focused on. As a consequence, their lives are destroyed tragically. Thus, dropping out of school can be the result of
personal, psychological, and social factors.
A CAUSE-EFFECT PARAGRAPH discusses the causes and consequences of an action, situation, event, or decision.
The topic sentence introduces the
main idea.
- Supporting sentences follow to
support the topic sentence.
- Causes and effects are arranged in
sentences using cause-effect
expressions.
The concluding sentence summarizes
the paragraph’s content.

A narrative paragraph tells the reader what happened. It relates a sequence of past events using chronological order. It must contain these
elements of : - Setting ( time /place) - Point of view - Character - Action .
- The topic sentence sets the setting (time) Last weekend , I had the best time of my life. On Friday night, my best friend came over and we made a
- Point of view (who tells the story) : delicious, mouth-watering pizza. After we ate, we had a friendly video game competition. Moments later, my other best
1st person: I / we or 3rd person: he /she/they friend, Ali, joined us. On Saturday, my dad took us out on the boat. The weather was perfect and the water was warm. It
- Character (who / what is in the story ) was a great day to go for a swim. Later in the evening , we went to the movies. We saw an action- packed thriller and
- Action ( What happened ? )
ate a lot of popcorn. Later that night, we spent some time playing chess. Finally, on Sunday, we went bike-riding
- Supporting sentences are arranged in
around town. By the end of the day, my legs became very sore. We had great moments. I only hope the next weekend
a chrnological order and are connected
can be as fun as this one. Now, with such experience, I’ve changed my opinion about weekends. Now I have to say that
through time expressions or adverbs of
sequence . weekends can only be as exciting and fun as we’d make them to be.
A COMPARE-CONTRAST PARAGRAPH tells us about the similarities and differences between two or more people, animals, things, places, or ideas.
- The topic sentence introduces the two
items to be compared and contrasted. Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also quite different. Both are bodies of water.
Oceans are very large bodies of salt water, while lakes are much smaller bodies of fresh water. Lakes are usually
- Aspects of comparison and contrast
are listed in the supporting sentences surrounded by land, unlike oceans that are what surround continents. Both have plants and animals living in them.
using compare-contrast expressions. The ocean is home to the largest animals on the planet, whereas lakes support much smaller forms of life. In
- The concluding sentence may includes conclusion, I think either of the two will make a great place to visit and enjoy when it’s time for vacation.
the writer’s personal / final thought.
 A FILM REVIEW is a a briefly written description, analysis, and evaluation of the different aspects of a film.
Film Review Elements :
Twilight is a 126-min romance fantacy written by Melissa Rosenberg, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and
Basic Information : The film title, genre,
release date, director, screenwriter, main produced by Mark Morgan. The film is set in Washington and Arizona, and it stars a teenager ( Kristen Stewart )
actors, producer and a vampire (Robert Pattinson) . It was released in November 2008 and it tells the story of a high-school girl and
Description : Summarize the story in a a mysterious vampire . The two fall in love, but they have to overcome social pressure and other obstacles to take a
few sentence or two without giving away chance be together. Kirsten’s acting was impressive in the film , and Rober’s performance was captivating. Twilight
too much of the plot so as not to spoil your received numerous film awards including MTV Movie Award, People’s Choice Award, and Young Artist Award.
reader’s viewing. Describe the actors’ In addition, it was nominated for Best Fantasy Film at the 35th Saturn Awards, and nominated for two Grammy
performance. Awards. I find this film to be incredibely moving , exciting, and thrilling. In fact, my favorite aspect of the film is
Analysis : Give your opinion about the its touching scenes. The special effects are just amazing, especially the ones featuring the wolves fighting. Another
film (good or bad), the aspects you like great thing that I like about Twilight is its terrific sound track . It suits the mood of the film in a perfect way. The
the most and/or the ones you like the least
about the film . Highlight the theme(s) , only thing I don’t like about the film is some of its extremely bloody scenes. They are disappointing. Yet, the best
moral message(s) in the film. thing about it is its excellent plot. The story is very relatable because it explores these important classic and modern-
Evaluation and Recommendation: day themes of good and evil, sacrifice, the power of love, the power of tradition, appearance and reality, man and
Restate your general thoughts and the natural world, and family pressure. Over all, I think this film contains great directing and acting. It is full of
feelings about the film and tell readers emotional moments, and tells an excelent moral story. That’s why I strongly recommend it.
whether they should or shouldn’t see it.
A REPORT is a piece of organized writing which presents descriptive information about an event, or investigates and analizes a situation.
Elements of a Report on an Event : School Dropout in Rural Areas: The Ibn Khaldoun Conference Hall, in Rabat was the destination of many
- The title should be short and precise . It people from all parts of Morocco, on November 20 th . The event was a seminar organized by the UNECEF
should give a general idea about the Office in Morocco. It was about the urgent topic of “ Dropping out school in rural areas: causes and solutions” .
content of the report.
Participants included educators, parents’ associations, and political officials. Approximately 200 people attended
- The introduction sets the setting for the the meeting. The activities were varied and they included mini-lectures , workshops, presentations. The
report by giving details about the time,
place, and participants. participants concluded that there were three main causes of dropping out from schools in rural areas. The first
one was poverty the second one was long distances between school and home, and the third one was child labor .
- The body , sually limited to one paragraph,
includes the main ideas of the report. Also, the participants suggested a few solutions to this issue. Some of these solutions were encouraging drop-out
students to return to school, supporting poor families financially, so they can send their children to school, and
- The conclusion evaluates the success of the
event and the reactions of participants and sensitizing parents and civil society about the importance of education . In fact, the seminar was fruitful,
attendees. informative, and successful, and most people who attended expressed their satisfaction with the outcome.

AN INFROMAL LETTER is a letter written to a friend or a relative. A letter should include a heading, an opening, the body, conclusion, and
closing
- In the heading ,write your address Hay Sandi, N 33
and date at the top right-hand corner. Rabat, Morocco
- Begin the salutation or greeting April 8, 2016
from the left margin. Use a comma Dear John ,
after the greeting – in the opening , Thank you very much for your letter. I was pleased to learn about some aspects of American culture, and I’m so
introduce the subject of the letter. happy to tell you a little bit about Morocco and its culture.
Morocoo is a north African country. It’s home to a variety of ethnicities that live now together in peace. These
include the Arabs , the Amazigh, people of Andalusian origin, and people of sub-suharian descent. Islam is the
In the body , briefly outline the predominant religion here. Also, the country is home to a considerabley large Jewish community, and a minority of
Christians, as well. Generally, Moroccans are friendly, easy-going, nice people, who are yet mostly known for their
information, ideas, content that you good sense of humor and hospitality.
want to communicate to your reader
The influences of tradition and history reflect on the clothes that Moroccans wear. The "djellaba" is a full-sleeved
or addressee.
robe that is commonly worn by Moroccan women. The "gandora", which is another popular robe worn by men, is a
short-sleeved male version of the women’s djellaba. Moroccan people are a heterogenous group par excellence.They
owe such diversity to the many cultures that have influenced them.
Moroccan cuisine is a mix of Arab-Amazigh and Mediteranean inlfluences. The two main dishes the country is
- In the conclusion briefly restate best-known for are tajine and couscous. Other popular dishes include “pastila”, “ ttanjia”, and meat balls. Drinking
the body’s content. mint tea is an important ritual that is performed with family and friends.
- The complimentary closing comes I hope this gives you an idea about Moroccan culture. Please write to me soon, and give my best wishes to your
below at the right- hand bottom of family.
the body. Use a comma after that. Best wishes ,
Write your name below the closing.