Exam 26030 E17

Question 1:

(5 points)

The VSEPR model describes optimal molecular geometries arising from repulsions between
electron pairs. The text book deals with up to 6 electron pairs but the theory can easily be extended
to geometries containing more electron pairs. Rank the below geometries according to an increasing
amount of lone pairs:

(a) (b) (c)

Please note that only bonding pairs are shown.

A: A>B>C
B: C>B>A
C: C>A>B
D: B>A>C
E: C=A>B

Question 2:

(5 points)

In a reaction between A and B the compounds C and D are formed. Below are given 3 different
reaction schemes for the same reaction:

1) 2 A + B ⇄ 2 C + D
2) 4 A + 2 B ⇄ 4 C + 2 D
3) 6 A + 3 B ⇄ 6 C + 3 D

Given that the concentrations at equilibrium are [A] = 0.1M, [B] = 0.2 M, [C] = 0.3 M and [D] =
0.4 M how are the equilibrium constants of the 3 reactions then related?

A: No calculations are needed: K1 = K2 = K3 as it is the same reaction just multiplied with

different coefficients
B: K3 > K2 > K1
C: K3 < K2 < K1
D: No calculations are needed: K1 = K2 = K3 as it is the same reaction just multiplied with
different coefficients. Additionally, the value is 1.0 as the coefficient of A equals that of C
and the coefficient of B equals that of C
E: No calculations are needed: The value is 1.0 as the coefficient of A equals that of C and the
coefficient of B equals that of C
Question 3:

(3 points)

For the decomposition of a compound A the concentration of A has been measured as a function of
time. Below the data has been recorded in 3 different ways:

Coordinates are given for easier data treatment.

Use the above plots to determine the reaction order with respect to A:

A 1st order
B 2nd order
C 0th order
D Plots are insufficient to determine the reaction order
E Plots are insufficient to determine the reaction order but indicate a catalysed reaction

Question 4:

(2 points)

Determine the rate constant k from the data given in question 3:

A ≈ 0.5 s-1
B ≈ 0.4 s-1
C ≈ 0.3 s-1
D ≈ 0.2 s-1
E ≈ 0.1 s-1

Question 5:

(2 points)

For the reaction 2 NO (g) + 2 H2 (g) → N2 (g) + 2 H2O (g) the rate law has been determined
experimentally:

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑘𝑘 ∙ [𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁]2 ∙ [𝐻𝐻2 ]

What is the reaction order in respect to [NO], [H2] and the overall reaction order?

A 2, 1, 1½
B 2, 1, 3
C 2, 1, 2
D 1, 1, 3
E 1, 1, 2

Question 6:

(2 points)

A molecule has the molecular formula C4H8O. Which structure is not consistent with the molecular
formula?
H2C
CH3

A HO
H2C

B O
H3C

C OH
H3C
CH3

D O
OH

Question 7:

(4 points)

Assuming that the molecule from question 6 is an aldehyde how many isomers are then possible?
Please note that there might be more isomers with the molecular formula C4H8O than those shown
in question 6.
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E 5

Question 8:

(2 points)

A salt has been investigated and both the anion and the cation are found to be oxidised by oxygen.
Which salt is it?

A CaS
B CaSO4
C FeS
D FeSO4
E KMnO4

Question 9:

(3 points)

FeSO4 is reacted with KMnO4 in an acidic aqueous solution. What is FeSO4 converted into?

A Fe3+ and SO42-

B Fe2+ and S
C Fe3+ and S
D Fe2+ and SO42-
E Fe3+ and S2-

Question 10:

(3 points)

Being a noble gas radon is from a chemical point of view considered harmless but from a physical
point of view e.g. the isotope radon-222 is considered unstable with a half-life of 3.8 days. Radon-
222 is therefore considered a significant health hazard when evaluating the indoor environment in
buildings. Below you can find a part of the decay chain for radon-222:
 Radium-226 • t1/2 = 1600 years

Radon-222 • t1/2 = 3.8 days

Polonium-218 • t1/2 = 3.1 minutes

Lead-214 • t1/2 = 27 minutes

Bismuth-214 • t1/2 = 20 minutes

Given that the rate law is 1st order for all the decay processes which process will then have the
higher rate constant?

A Decay of radium-226
B Decay of radon-222
C Decay of polonium-218
D Decay of lead-214
E Decay of bismuth-214

Question 11:

(3 points)

Given the half-life constants from question 10 which element will then be present at the highest
concentration after 1 half-life period of radium-226 (1600 years) assuming that everything is
radium-226 at the beginning?

A Radium-226
B Radon-222
C Polonium-218
D Lead-214
E Bismuth-214

Question 12:

(5 points)

Copper can be produced by roasting a copper sulphide using controlled amounts of oxygen. E.g.:

CuS (s) + O2 (g) → Cu (s) + SO2 (g)

Calculate the reaction enthalpy using the following reactions:

1 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g) ∆H1° = -198 kJ/mol
2 S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g) ∆H2° = -296 kJ/mol
3 2 S (s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g) ∆H3° = -790 kJ/mol
4 CuS (s) + 2 O2 (g) → CuSO4 (s) ∆H4° = -721 kJ/mol
5 2 Cu (s) + O2 (g) → 2 CuO (s) ∆H5° = -310 kJ/mol
6 2 CuO (s) + 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 CuSO4 (s) ∆H6° = -638 kJ/mol

A ≈ 250 kJ/mol
B ≈ 500 kJ/mol
C ≈ -500 kJ/mol
D ≈ 0 kJ/mol
E ≈ -250 kJ/mol

Question 13:

(5 points)

The molecular formula of boric acid is H3BO3 but this gives no information about the actual
structure. Four possible examples are given below:
OH OH
HO O H
HO B O H H H B O
B OH B
HO a), H b), O O c) and O H d)

Besides a violation of the octet rule for the structures b), c) and d) the formal charges can also be
used to indicate the likelihood of the individual structures. Rank the likelihood of the above
structures based on an evaluation of formal charges only:

A A>B>C>D
B D>C>B>A
C A>B=C=D
D A<B=C=D
E A=B=C=D

Question 14:

(5 points)

Mark the option where all the compounds are acids:

A HCl, H2SO4, CH3CH2COOH

B HCl, H2SO4, NaH
C HCl, H2SO4, CH4
D CH3CH2COOH, H2SO4, KOH
E HCl, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2OH

Question 15:

(1 point)

The reaction 2 A (s) + B (g) → 3 C (g) is known to be endothermic towards the right. What will
happen upon addition of B?
A The reaction will shift to the right
B The reaction will shift to the left
C Nothing

Question 16:

(1 point)

The reaction 2 A (s) + B (g) → 3 C (g) is known to be endothermic towards the right. What will
happen upon the addition of catalyst (volume change can be neglected)?

A The reaction will shift to the right

B The reaction will shift to the left
C Nothing

Question 17:

(1 point)

The reaction 2 A (s) + B (g) → 3 C (g) is known to be endothermic towards the right. What will
happen upon an increase in pressure?

A The reaction will shift to the right

B The reaction will shift to the left
C Nothing

Question 18:

(1 point)

The reaction 2 A (s) + B (g) → 3 C (g) is known to be endothermic towards the right. What will
happen upon lowering the temperature?

A The reaction will shift to the right

B The reaction will shift to the left
C Nothing

Question 19:

(2 points)

Estimate if the following unbalanced reaction is entropically favourable at standard conditions?

SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → SO3 (g)

If necessary use thermodynamic properties from the book.

A Favourable
B Not favourable
C Neither
Question 20:

(2 points)

Estimate if the following unbalanced reaction is favourable at standard conditions?

SO32- (aq) + Mn2+ (aq) → SO42- (aq) + MnO4- (aq)

If necessary use thermodynamic properties from the book.

A Favourable
B Not favourable
C Neither

Question 21:

(2 points)

Estimate if the following unbalanced reaction is favourable at standard conditions?

Cu2+ (aq) + Fe (s) → Cu (s) + Fe2+ (aq)

If necessary use thermodynamic properties or similar from the book.

A Favourable
B Not favourable
C Neither

Question 22:

(2 points)

Estimate if a reaction with ΔrH° = 134.63 kJ/mol and ΔrS° = 200 J/mol K is favourable at 400 °C?

A Favourable
B Not favourable
C Neither

Question 23:

(5 points)

Which of the following mixtures will have the largest freezing-point depression?

A 3.0 m CH3CH2OH
B 2.5 m CH3CH2COOH
C 2.0 m NaCl
D 1.5 m Na3PO4
E 1.0 m H2SO4

Question 24:
(5 points)

Which of the following compounds will exert the largest pressure at 25 °C assuming equal amounts
of moles from the start?

A Acetone (Boiling point = 56 °C, ΔHvap = 31.3 kJ/mol)

B Ammonia (Boiling point = -33 °C, ΔHvap = 23.4 kJ/mol)
C Methanol (Boiling point = 65 °C, ΔHvap = 35.2 kJ/mol)
D Ethanol (Boiling point = 78 °C, ΔHvap = 38.6 kJ/mol)
E Water (Boiling point = 100 °C, ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol)

Question 25:

(4 points)

Arenobufagin is a cardiotoxic bufanolide steroid secreted by the Argentine toad Bufo Arenarum. It
has effects similar to digitalis, blocking the Na+/K+ pump in heart tissue. It is a rather complex
heterocyclic compound:

O
H
HO

CH3

H OH
HO
H

Besides a number of alcohol groups which functional groups are present?

A Ether, ketone, alkene Formatted: Danish

B Ester, aldehyde, alkyne
C Ester, ketone, alkene
D Ether, aldehyde, alkene
E Ester, ketone, alkyne

Question 26:

(5 points)

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a weak acid with pKa = 9.21. What is the ratio between HCN and the
corresponding base (CN-) at equilibrium when the formal concentration of HCN is 1.0 M?

A ≈ 2.5/1000000
B ≈ 2.5/100000
C ≈ 2.5/10000
D ≈ 2.5/1000
E ≈ 2.5/100

Question 27:
(5 points)

Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), argon (Ar), chlorine (Cl) and sulphur (S) can occur as isoelectronic
species with the 1s22s22p63s23p6 electronic structure. Below mark the correct combination of
charges with the isoelectronic species arranged according to an increased radius:

A Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < Cl- < S2-

B Ca2- < K- < Ar < Cl+ < S2+
C Ca2+ > K+ > Ar > Cl- > S2-
D Ca2- > K- > Ar > Cl+ > S2+
E K > Ca > S > Cl > Ar

Question 28:

(5 points)

A disproportionation is a specific type of redox reaction in which an element from a reaction

undergoes both oxidation and reduction to form two different products. An example is the reaction
of chlorine (Cl2) with hydroxide (OH-):

Cl2 (g) + OH− (aq) → Cl− (aq) + ClO3− (aq) + H2O (l)

Mark the right combination of coefficients below:

A 1, 2, 1, 1, 1
B 3, 6, 5, 1, 3
C 1, 2, 1, 1, 2
D 3, 6, 5, 1, 6
E 2, 4, 2, 2, 3

Question 29:

(5 points)

An adult male needs to consume food corresponding to an energy intake of approx. 10.000 kJ each
day. Most recommendations suggest that about 50% of that should come from carbohydrates which
corresponds to about 400 g. For simplicity, we can assume it all to be glucose (C6H12O6). How
many grams of oxygen (O2) is necessary for a stoichiometric consumption?

A ≈ 50 g
B ≈ 175 g
C ≈ 300 g
D ≈ 425 g
E ≈ 550 g

Question 30:

(5 points)

Assuming that oxygen (O2) is used at 100 % efficiency how large a volume of air should then be
inhaled to cover the approximately 25 moles of oxygen needed to convert a balanced diet? The
partial pressure of oxygen is 0.2 atm and the temperature and the total pressure are 25 °C and 1 atm
respectively.

A ≈3L
B ≈ 30 L
C ≈ 300 L
D ≈ 3000 L
E ≈ 30000 L