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Minor Scales

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Minor Scales

Some melodies and harmonies are based on minor scales. These are generally considered to give the music
a darker, more melancholic or sad quality. The reason for this darker quality is the position of the two half-steps
in the schematic of the scale. Here's a comparison. The steps closer together indicate half-steps.

Major - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Minor - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

We compare minor scales to major scales in two way - PARALLEL and RELATIVE minor scales

'PARALLEL' means we keep the same root note and lower 3 notes by adding 3 flats to the key signature or
deleting 3 sharps. Here's a few examples. Notice the different key signatures and common starting tones.


C major
    
C minor
   
 
5
   
F major

    
F minor

9
  
D major D minor

              

'RELATIVE' means we keep the same key signature but move to a different starting note to build the
minor scale pattern. The relative minor root can always be found on the 6th step of any major scale.
Here are some examples of major scales and their relative minors. Notice the common key signatures and
different starting or 'root' (or 'tonic') tones.


13
 
G minor

Bb major

        
   

17
 D major
  B minor

              



21 C major
  
  
A minor

2 Minor scales come in three versions - 'NATURAL' minor , 'HARMONIC' minor, and 'MELODIC'
minor scales. HARMONIC and MELODIC minor scales will use some accidentals.

Harmonic minor is predominently a resource for harmony and will always be written with a
raised 7th step through the addition of a sharp (#) or natural (§)

 
 
25 A natural minor A harmonic minor

     
 
29

         
D natural minor

     
D harmonic minor

MELODIC minor scales use a raised 7th step AND a raised 6th step WHEN ASCENDING, but reverts to the
pattern of the natural minor scale WHEN DESCENDING. In order to show this difference, this scale always
needs to be written in both directions.

  
33
 
G melodic minor (ascending) (descending)

      
   

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