This document provides an overview of ratios and proportions for a mathematics module. It begins with learning objectives to define ratio, explain how it relates to proportion, use different ways to indicate ratios, derive equivalent proportions, and solve ratio and proportion problems. It then presents sample ratio and proportion questions and examples. Key points covered include: a ratio compares two numbers using a colon or fraction; proportions use equal ratios to form equations; and the difference between a ratio, which compares quantities, and a proportion, which expresses the equality of two ratios. Sample proportion problems are provided to practice these concepts.
This document provides an overview of ratios and proportions for a mathematics module. It begins with learning objectives to define ratio, explain how it relates to proportion, use different ways to indicate ratios, derive equivalent proportions, and solve ratio and proportion problems. It then presents sample ratio and proportion questions and examples. Key points covered include: a ratio compares two numbers using a colon or fraction; proportions use equal ratios to form equations; and the difference between a ratio, which compares quantities, and a proportion, which expresses the equality of two ratios. Sample proportion problems are provided to practice these concepts.
This document provides an overview of ratios and proportions for a mathematics module. It begins with learning objectives to define ratio, explain how it relates to proportion, use different ways to indicate ratios, derive equivalent proportions, and solve ratio and proportion problems. It then presents sample ratio and proportion questions and examples. Key points covered include: a ratio compares two numbers using a colon or fraction; proportions use equal ratios to form equations; and the difference between a ratio, which compares quantities, and a proportion, which expresses the equality of two ratios. Sample proportion problems are provided to practice these concepts.
This document provides an overview of ratios and proportions for a mathematics module. It begins with learning objectives to define ratio, explain how it relates to proportion, use different ways to indicate ratios, derive equivalent proportions, and solve ratio and proportion problems. It then presents sample ratio and proportion questions and examples. Key points covered include: a ratio compares two numbers using a colon or fraction; proportions use equal ratios to form equations; and the difference between a ratio, which compares quantities, and a proportion, which expresses the equality of two ratios. Sample proportion problems are provided to practice these concepts.
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FIAT LUX ACADEME
Cavite MATHEMATICS 9 Suhay No.21: Ratio and Proportions May 3 - 6 , 2021 Name: ___________________________________ Year and Section: _________________
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this module, you are able to:
● define ratio and explain how it is related to proportion
● use different ways of indicating the ratio of one quantity to another
● derive proportions equivalent to a given proportions
● solve problems involving ratio and proportions
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What is Ratio and Proportion? 2. What is the difference between ratio and proportion? ACTIVITY LOG Essential Question/s Input Starter Focused Discussion Task 1 Essential Understanding Learning Log Assessment Self-Evaluation Point of Clarification
INPUT STARTER: Study the table and answer the questions that follows. Status of COVID-19 cases per province, major city Data as of April 24, 2021. Includes Metro Manila cities. Counts for highly-urbanized and independent cities are separate from their mother province. New 7-day ave. of Active Active cases Province/City cases new cases cases per 100k Total cases
1 Quezon City 917 739.1 6,171 210.18 89,550
2 Cavite 293 471.4 3,877 105.40 54,733
3 Rizal 574 432.3 3,430 118.92 44,659
4 Bulacan 283 421.3 3,337 101.36 38,151
5 Manila 230 338 3,302 185.49 59,500
6 Laguna 244 345 2,850 93.90 40,845
7 Pasig City 159 298.9 2,479 328.21 30,622
8 Caloocan City 132 291.6 2,460 155.31 31,948
9 Batangas 304 288.3 2,411 89.48 25,973
10 Pampanga 214 220.9 1,907 86.76 15,862
Line charts show the change in the 7-day average of new cases over the last 14 days per province or major city Table: Rappler Source: DOH COVID-19 Data Drop Page 1 of 4 QUESTIONS: 1. What is the ratio of the new cases to total cases of Covid-19 virus in Cavite? ________________________________________________________ 2. Which province/city has the highest number of active cases per 100k of Covid -19? ________________________________________________________ 3. What is the total number of new cases as of April 24, 2021 from the top 10 province/city in the Philippines? ________________________________________________________ Focused Discussion Ratio
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. We generally separate the two numbers in the ratio with a colon (:). Suppose we want to write the ratio of 8 and 12. We can write this as 8:12 or as a fraction 8/12, and we say the ratio is eight to twelve.
Examples: Jeannine has a bag with 3 videocassettes, 4 marbles, 7 books, and 1 orange.
1) What is the ratio of books to marbles?
Expressed as a fraction, with the numerator equal to the first quantity and the denominator equal to the second, the answer would be 7/4. Two other ways of writing the ratio are 7 to 4, and 7:4.
2) What is the ratio of videocassettes to the total number of items in the bag?
There are 3 videocassettes, and 3 + 4 + 7 + 1 = 15 items total.
The answer can be expressed as 3/15, 3 to 15, or 3:15.
Comparing Ratios
To compare ratios, write them as fractions. The ratios are equal if they are equal when written as fractions.
Example: Are the ratios 3 to 4 and 6:8 equal? The ratios are equal if 3/4 = 6/8.
These are equal if their cross products are equal; that is, if 3 × 8 = 4 × 6. Since both of these products equal 24, the answer is yes, the ratios are equal. Remember to be careful! Order matters!
A ratio of 1:7 is not the same as a ratio of 7:1.
Examples: Are the ratios 7:1 and 4:81 equal? No! 7/1 > 1, but 4/81 < 1, so the ratios can't be equal. Are 7:14 and 36:72 equal?
Notice that 7/14 and 36/72 are both equal to 1/2, so the two ratios are equal.
Proportion
A proportion is an equation with a ratio on each side. It is a statement that two ratios are equal. 3/4 = 6/8 is an example of a proportion. When one of the four numbers in a proportion is unknown, cross products may be used to find the unknown number. This is called solving the proportion. Question marks or letters are frequently used in place of the unknown number.
Example: Solve for n: 1/2 = n/4.
Using cross products we see that 2 × n = 1 × 4 =4, so 2 × n = 4. Dividing both sides by
2, n = 4 ÷ 2 so that n = 2.
Property of Proportionality
Page 2 of 4 Reflexive Property The Reflexive Property states that for every real number x , x=x. Symmetric Property The Symmetric Property states that for all real numbers x and y, if x=y, then y=x.
Transitive Property The Transitive Property states that for all real numbers x ,y, and z, if x=y and y=z , then x=z.
Substitution Property If x=y, then x may be replaced by y in any equation or expression.
Important Properties of Proportion
The following are the important properties of proportion:
Addendo – If a : b = c : d, then a + c : b + d Subtrahendo – If a : b = c : d, then a – c : b – d Dividendo – If a : b = c : d, then a – b : b = c – d : d Componendo – If a : b = c : d, then a + b : b = c+d : d Alternendo – If a : b = c : d, then a : c = b: d Invertendo – If a : b = c : d, then b : a = d : c Componendo and dividendo – If a : b = c : d, then a + b : a – b = c + d : c – d
ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. We generally separate the two numbers in the ratio with a colon (:) A proportion is an equation with a ratio on each side. It is a statement that two ratios are equal.
Difference Between Ratio and Proportion
To understand the concept of ratio and proportion, go through the difference between ratio and proportion given here. S.No Ratio Proportion The ratio is used to compare The proportion is used to 1 the size of two things with the express the relation of two same unit ratios It is expressed using the It is expressed using a colon 2 double colon (::) or equal to (:), slash (/) the symbol (=) 3 It is an expression It is an equation Keyword to identify Keyword to identify ratio in a 4 proportion in a problem is problem is “to every” “out of” TASK 1
1. Are the ratios 4:5 and 8:10 said to be in Proportion? Yes or No. Justify your answer. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Are the two ratios 8:10 and 7:10 in proportion?Yes or No. Justify your answer. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
LEARNING LOG
What have I learned?
Complete the 3-2-1 chart regarding Ratio and Proportion that you have discovered.
3-2-1 Chart Three things I found out: 1. _________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________
Page 3 of 4 3. _________________________________________________________________ Two interesting things: 1. _________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ One question I still have in mind: ________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT Answer the following problems
1. Out of the total students in a class, if the number of boys is 5 and the number of girls being 3, then find the ratio between girls and boys. (2 points) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
2. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. If the sum of numbers is 60, find the numbers. (3 points) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
3. The measures of the interior angles of a triangle are in the ratio 1:3:4. Find the measure of each of the angle. What kind of triangle it is? (5 points) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
SELF-EVALUATION Rate yourself from 1 to 5 (1 being the lowest while 5 being the highest) on the level of understanding that you are able to attain for this module:
1 2 3 4 5
POINT OF CLARIFICATION Please write any questions or points of clarification about the content of this module: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ REFERENCES
Books
Cruz, Carmelita U. (2020). Integrative Mathematics through the Experiential Approach. Pages. 140 - 143. Instructional Coverage System Publishing, Inc. Marikina City.
Digital sources
Ratio and Proportions (16 September 2008) In mathleague.com
