SMART CRAB: Water Monitoring System Using Arduino

Arwin John D. Alabado1,2,3, Raniel Ian G. Beltran 1,2,3, Owric B. Ocampo 1,2,3, Patrick Vincent P.
Yuson 1,2,3 , Dale Andrew Guzman 1,2,3, Charity Mary C Arevalo, MIT1,2,3,4 1

College of Computer Studies

Research Development and Innovation Center

Our Lady of Fatima University

Capstone Adviser

September 2023
Endorsement

This thesis entitled: “Smart Crab: Water Monitoring System Using Arduino” prepared by Arwin
John D. Alabado, Rainiel Ian G. Beltran, Owric B. Ocampo, Dale Andrew Guzman, and Patrick
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Vincent P. Yuson of BSIT 4Y1-1, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Nursing has been examined and now recommended for Oral Examination.

This is to certify that Arwin John D. Alabado et al. are ready for the Oral Examination.

Charity Mary C. Arevalo, MIT

Adviser

This is to certify that the thesis: “Smart Crab: Water Monitoring System Using Arduino ”
prepared and submitted by Arwin John D. Alabado, Rainiel Ian G. Beltran, Owric B. Ocampo,
Dale Andrew Guzman, and Patrick Vincent P. Yuson of BSIT 4Y1-1, is recommended for Oral
Examination/ has been examined by the panel of examiners with a grade of _____.

Name of Chairman, Title

Chairman

Name of panel, Title Name of panel, Title

Member Member
Raymond S. Macatangga, DIT
Dean, College of Computer Studies
Certificate of Originality

We hereby declare that this thesis is our own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material to
which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of any other degree or diploma of a

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university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the
text.

We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our work, even though
we may have received assistance from others on style, presentation and language expression.

Arwin John D. Alabado

Principal Investigator

Members:
Dale Andrew Guzman
Owric B. Ocampo
Patrick Vincent P. Yuson
Rainiel Ian G. Beltran

Charity Mary C. Arevalo, MIT

Research Adviser

Date Signed:
Date

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 6
1.1 Background of Study………………….………………………………………….. 6
1.2 Objectives of the Study……………..……………………………………………. 7

1.2.1 General Objectives…………………………………...…………………………. 7

1.2.2 Specific Objectives………………………..……………………………………. 7

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1.3 Scope and Limitation…………………..…………………………………………. 8

1.4 Significance of the Study………………………………..…………………………8

2.0 Review of Related Literature and Studies……………………..………………. 9

2.1 Theoretical Framework……………………………………..……………………...9

2.1.1 Local Literature………………………….……………………………………… 9

2.1.2 Foreign Literature………………………...…………………………………..…11

2.2.1 Local Related Literature………………………………………...……………... 12

2.2.2 Foreign Related Literature…………………..……………………………….... 13

2.3 Definition of terms…………………..……………………………….....………..15

2.4 References & Authors…………………………..………………………………. 15

3.0 Design and methodology………...……………………………………………... 18

3.1 Conceptual Framework………………………..………………………………….18

3.2 Software Design………………………………………...……………………….. 19

3.2.1 System Architect…………………………………...…………………………. 19

3.2.2 Data flow Diagram……………………………...…………………………….. 20

3.2.2.1 Diagram 0 (Context diagram) ………………...………………..…………… 20

3.2.2.2 Data Flow Diagram 1 …...……………….………………………..………… 21

3.2.3 Entity Relationship Diagram………………………………………………….. 22

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3.2.4 Use Case Diagram…………………………………………………………….. 23

3.2.5 Activity Diagram………………………………………………………….…... 24

3.2.6 Schematic Diagram……………………………………………………….…... 26

3.3 Research Locale……………………………………………………….………... 30

3.4 Project Development Approach/Software Development……………………….. 30

3.5 Research Ethics………………………………………………………………….33

3.6 Research Instrument………………………………...…………...…………........33

3.7 Data Collection…………………………...…………...……………….………...33

List of Tables

Table 1: Title of Table xx

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Title of Figure xx

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List of Appendices

Appendix A: Title of Appendix xx

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Abstract

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Aquaculturists and small-scale farmers are constrained by a lack of resources and money.
Due to inadequate water quality analysis techniques, it frequently happens that crab and other
shellfish farms cannot be successfully maintained. Smart Crab: Water Monitoring System
Using Arduino examines each pond at each scheduled interval to ensure that the water quality
levels do not suddenly change and remain in a condition that is ideal for the organism's
growth, health, and survival in order to maintain a sustainable farm with the lowest mortality
rate. The system is operated by a Arduino board, which gathers information from multiple
specified places of each pond using sensors to determine whenever there is an imbalance in
the water pH quality levels.

In addition, the proponents' planned system is free to all who want to venture into crab
aquaculture. Many people plan to venture into this business to provide supply locally and sell
for a huge profit internationally. That is why the proponents would like to propose a Smart
Crab: Water Monitoring System Using Development Module to notify the farmer about water
quality and lessen the risk of mortality of aquatic animals.

Moreover, a water monitoring system using Arduino is an innovative solution that allows
you to monitor and analyze various parameters of water, such as pH level, temperature,
dissolved organic solids, and the tank’s water level. This system utilizes Arduino, an open-
source electronics platform, to collect data from sensors and provide real-time information
about water quality.

Lastly, the study aims to enhance the efficiency, productivity, and overall management of
crab aquaculture operations by implementing a water monitoring system with SMS
notifications.

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1.2 Objectives of the Study

1.2.1 General Objectives

The main objective of the study is to develop a Smart Crab: Water Monitoring System
Using Arduino for Crab Aquaculture with SMS notification to inform the farmer regarding
the water quality in fattening the crabs for exportation as well as local consumption.

1.2.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objectives of the study are the following:

1. To create a device that will monitor the pH level and temperature of the water suitable
for crab fattening by using a pH probe and Amplifier sensor kit.

2. To include a sensor that will monitor the water level using a Water Level Sensor Float
Switch.

3. To include a sensor that will monitor the total dissolved solids using a Salinity Sensor

4. To develop a system that will send information to farmers automatically or manually

through SMS using a GSM module.

5. To include a feature that will allow the admin to manage users of the system using a
website.

6. To evaluate the system using the ISO 25010 as to

a. Functional Stability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Compatibility
d. Usability
e. Reliability
f. Security
g. Maintainability
h. Portability

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1.3 Scope and Limitations

Scope

The scope of this study is to develop a device intended for a real-time Water Monitoring
System Using Arduino for Crab Aquaculture with SMS notification to provide the farmer a piece
of information regarding the water quality in fattening the crabs for exportation as well as local
consumption. The device will include sensors to monitor and check the water temperature, water
level, pH level, and total dissolved solids. The system features sending SMS information
configured either automatically or manually and an admin interface using a website. A database
will also be included for record keeping of the sensor’s reading and to monitor the sensor’s
functionality by keeping an eye out for record anomalies.

Limitation

The limitation of the study includes the manual checking of water salinity which is only done at
least once a month. This study is for crab aquaculture only.

1.4 Significance of the study

This study is significant to the following entities:

Crab aquaculturists – all crab aquaculturists will benefit from the system and provide timely
information about the water quality of the aquaculture.

Proponents - This will benefit all the members of this study and further expand our
knowledge and understanding and be creative.

Future Researchers - This also benefits future researchers giving them ideas on how our
system works and the impact on society.

2.0 Review of Related Literature and Studies

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2.1 Technical background

Arduino Programming - The Micro is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32U4

(datasheet), developed in conjunction with Adafruit.

PHP - is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web

development where PHP generally runs on a web server. It can also be used for command-
line scripting and client-side GUI applications.

SQL - is a programming language for storing and processing information in a relational

database. A relational database stores information in tabular form, with rows and columns
representing different data attributes and the various relationships between the data values.

HTML5 - a markup language for the structure and presentation of World Wide Web
content. HTML5 supports the traditional HTML and XHTML-style syntax and other new
features in its markup, New APIs, XHTML, and error handling.

CSS - is a computer language for laying out and structuring web pages (HTML or XML).

2.1 Related Literature

2.1.1 Local Literature

According to Arcamo and Relox Jr. (2017), Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) has been a
perennial problem in the Philippines, with significant impacts on public health and the
fisheries industry. To mitigate its impact, the Philippine government implemented a
monitoring program that started in 1983. Current monitoring focuses on the toxin levels
in shellfish and the mouse bioassay (MBA) is the official regulatory method. In 2010 a
review, based on the analysis of a long-term dataset, permitted the relaxation of the
regulatory level from a very stringent level of >40 µg STX equivalent/100g to a level of
>60 µg STX equivalent/100g which is just below the internationally recognized
regulatory limit. Analysis results were incorporated in the issuance of regular advisories
and bulletins. Capacity building for regional and local testing centers has been

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accomplished, however, monitoring activities are restricted by the wide-spread

archipelagic nature of the country and limitations imposed by MBA. The Jasco High-
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method is recognized as an alternative for
toxin detection at times when test mice are not available. Immunoassay screening
methods (the Abraxis ELISA and Jellett Rapid Test kits) for toxin analysis were evaluated
and eventually adopted to address the limited supply of test mice in remote regions. This
paper highlights the changes in monitoring strategies.

According to Amparo and Talavera (2017), Fish and shellfish not only contribute to
food and nutrition security but also to the livelihood of coastal communities in the
Philippines. However, some fishing grounds are contaminated and health advisories
against seafood consumption are issued, which may negatively affect the fishing
communities’ livelihood. This study aimed to assess fish and shellfish consumption of
households living in selected coastal barangays of the Marilao-Meycauayan-Obando
River System (MMORS). The food systems framework was applied whereby fish and
shellfish consumption and livelihoods were viewed as part of a larger food system.

Crabs obtained from the mangrove areas of Del Carmen and nearby municipalities are
purchased and stocked in plastic containers. The crabs are fed trash fish and mollusks
once every afternoon for satiation until they are fattened, usually for 1-2 weeks. The
major problem encountered is mortality after molting. Four KAMAMANA members are
involved in the crab fattening. When mortalities occur, the dead crabs are usually
charged to members assigned to the operation. The fattened crabs are sold to local
restaurants, hotels, resorts, and walk-in buyers or brought to traders in Surigao City. The
net income is divided into the following: members involved in the culture (50%),
treasurer (10%), business manager (15%), organizational share (5%), savings (5%) and
trust fund (15%).

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2.1.2 Foreign Literature

According to Gökoğlu (2021), shellfish are defined as creatures that have shells and
live in the sea. They are aquatic invertebrates. These animals do not have a backbone but
instead have an outer shell. Most of the shellfish species are obtained from the sea.
However, some species are also available in freshwater. Their name is shellfish, but they
are not fish. They are edible creatures and are consumed as human food.

According to Venugopal V, and Gopakumar K Shellfish is a major component of

global seafood production Specific items include shrimp, lobsters, oysters, mussels,
scallops, clams, crabs, krill, crayfish, squid, cuttlefish, snails, abalone, and others.
Shellfish, in general, contain appreciable quantities of digestible proteins, essential amino
acids, bioactive peptides, and long-chain polyunsaturated. fatty acids, astaxanthin and
other carotenoids, vitamin B12 and other vitamins, and minerals, including copper, zinc,
inorg. phosphate, sodium, potassium, selenium, iodine, and also other nutrients, which
offer a variety of health benefits to the consumer.

According to Pawiro S In this regard, the role of marine bivalves in CO2 sequestration
has been typically evaluated as the balance between the CO2 trapped in shell CaCO3 vs.
the CO2 released during bio-calcification (reaction 1 in Table 1) and animal respiration
(Filgueira et al., 2015, 2019). The relevance of the CO2 sequestration function of
shellfish is still controversial (Filgueira et al., 2019; Morris and Humphreys, 2019), partly
due to the lack of consensus on the biological processes to include or how to include
them in the CO2 budget, on the variety of approaches to estimate those processes, and on
the relevant scale to apply the CO2 budget, from the individual to the ecosystem level
(Filgueira et al., 2015, 2019). The CO2 produced during bio-calcification is obtained
from the ratio of CO2 release to shell CaCO3 synthesis, which is strongly dependent on
water temperature. The ratio is 0.6 at 25 °C, 0.7 at 15 °C, and 0.8 at 5 °C (Frankignoulle
et al., 1994; Morris and Humphreys, 2019). This makes a substantial difference when
balancing the CO2 budget in marine bivalve cultures: the colder the water temperature,
the lower the CO2 sequestration capacity, suggesting that bivalve cultures at mid and low

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latitudes are more efficient CO2 traps. The ratio is also negatively correlated with salinity
(Frankignoulle et al., 1994).

2.2 Related Studies

2.2.1 Local Studies

According to Bokingkito Jr., P. B., & Llantos, O. E. 2017., Water quality monitoring
plays an important role in aquaculture to ensure sustainable good water quality. In several
studies on the development of water quality monitoring systems, the temperature is
considered as one of the significant water parameters. Water temperature has an
important part in determining the distribution of aquatic organisms, physicochemical
water characteristics, and rates of ecological processes such as nutrient cycling. Also,
water temperature is a key water quality variable because it influences all other water
quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen concentrations.

According to Gincy Marina Mathew, and Rajeev Kumar Sukumaran 2021, Crustacean
meat is enjoyed globally due to its flavor, texture, and nutritive value. The processing of
the crustacean shellfish results in wastes comprising of exoskeletons, body parts, organic
matter, and other processing effluents. These inedible parts are disposed of by dumping
directly into water bodies or collected at landfill sites, resulting in increased chemical
oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), pathogenic microorganisms,
and chemical pollutants. Shellfish processing is vital for the extraction of crustacean meat
in the seafood market. Their processing results in shellfish waste containing high-value
products like chitin. The common method for chitin recovery practiced globally utilizes
harsh chemicals like HCl and NaOH, for the demineralization and deproteination of the
shellfish wastes, releasing harmful acidic and basic effluents as flow through.

According to Liao, J. C., Dollete, E. S., Sombito, C. D., & Esteban, J. M 2019.
Philippines, oysters and mussels are the most important cultured bivalves providing high-

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quality protein and nutrients among Filipino households. Oysters and mussels have been
cultured in many parts of Luzon Island such as Bacoor, Manila, Cañacao, Tayyaba’s, and
Sorsogon bays. In Bacoor and Cañacao bays, bivalve production reached 1,578 metric
tons in 2007 and provided livelihood to more than 17,000 fishermen in the province
(Cayabyab & Reyes, 2008). Cultured oysters from these mariculture areas are being sold
in Metro Manila and nearby municipalities. Due to its economic significance, information
on the impact of heavy metals in the survival, growth and production of bivalves is
warranted. Bivalves like oysters are susceptible to heavy metal contamination from water
column and sediments due to their sedentary lifestyle.

2.2.2 Foreign Studies

According to Vazhiyil Venugopal & Gopakumar 2017. Shellfish is a major component

of global seafood production. Specific items include shrimp, lobsters, oysters, mussels,
scallops, clams, crabs, krill, crayfish, squid, cuttlefish, snails, abalone, and others.
Shellfish, in general, contain appreciable quantities of digestible proteins, essential amino
acids, bioactive peptides, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, astaxanthin and other
carotenoids, vitamin B12, and other vitamins, minerals, including copper, zinc, inorganic
phosphate, sodium, potassium, selenium, iodine, and also other nutrients, which offer a
variety of health benefits to the consumer.

Although shellfish are generally safe for consumption, their exposure to diverse
habitats, the filter-feeding nature of shellfish such as oysters, clams, and mussels, and
unhealthy farming and handling practices may occasionally entail health risks because of
the possible presence of various hazards.

According to Ume Roobab, Liliana G. Fidalgo, & Arshad shellfish products have been
one of the main drivers behind the popularity of high-pressure processing (HPP) in the
food industry owing to a high demand for fresh ready-to-eat seafood products and food
safety. Analysis of the literature showed that most of the earlier work evaluated the HPP
effect on physicochemical and sensorial properties, and limited information is available

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on nutritional aspects. HPP has several applications in the shellfish industry. Overall,
HPP helps shellfish manufacturers to maintain a balance between safety, quality,
processing efficiency, and regulatory compliance.

According to Mohamad Nor Azra, Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor & Ivar Zekker (2022). The
United Nation’s 2030 development agenda adopted in 2015 outlines 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), and the organization has continued to put food security in
the center of its vocalization. Aquaculture is currently the fastest-growing food
production sector globally and a sustainable option for attaining food security. Food as a
basic necessity for man’s survival is always a timely issue. Hence, owing to aquaculture’s
unique role, it is expected that the demand for aquatic products (especially seafood or
shellfish) will continue to increase due to geometric population growth. Many
seafood/shellfish products are among the critical protein sources in the world.

Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the most important crustacean species in
Bangladesh due to its high economic value. Crab fattening is widely practiced in the
country to meet export demand while the supply for domestic consumption is mainly
dependent on wild sources. This work reported for the first time a comparative evaluation
of the nutritional properties of wild and fattening mud crabs.

For this purpose, the proximate compositions were determined in terms of total
contents of protein, moisture, ash, lipid, and minerals. Female fattening mud crabs had the
highest levels of protein (17.07 ± 1.52%) and moisture (76.95 ± 1.39%) content, while the
highest percentages of ash (4.9 ± 1.03%) were detected in male fattening mud crabs. Male
fattening mud crabs also contained high amounts of minerals, especially calcium (1199.71
± 343.43 mg/100g) and iron (14.21 ± 1.28 mg/100g). Male and female wild crabs showed
the highest levels of magnesium and phosphorus, respectively. Additionally, the
calculated percentage of recommended nutrient intake (RNI) value revealed that mud
crab contributes 4.4–59.99%, 6.6–53.98%, and 7.33–54.53% for infants, adults, and
pregnant and lactating women, respectively. The present study indicates that mud crab
had a balanced nutritional composition that would be a nutrient-rich excellent diet for
consumers.

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2.3 Definition of terms

● Aquaculture - farming of aquatic organisms which includes hatchery, nursery, and grow-
out of fish, molluscs, aquatic plants, and crustaceans including mangrove crabs to
enhance food production.
● Crab Aquaculture - A system of protecting or preserving crabs by keeping them in pens
in salt-water shallows, where they are fattened for market.
● pH Level - A measure of how acidic or basic a substance or solution is. pH is measured
on a scale of 0 to 14.

● Water Temperature – Water temperature varies according to season, depth and, in some
cases, time of day. Because most aquatic organisms are cold-blooded, they require a
certain temperature range to survive.
● Total Dissolved Solid - a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and
organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular suspended
form.

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3.0 Design and Methodology

3.1 Conceptual Framework

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Figure 1: Conceptual Framework Figure 1: The illustrated

diagram above states that creating a conceptual framework is

essential. In order to design and attain the intended system, it is

necessary to acquire knowledge in several programming

languages namely HTML5, CCS, PHP, SQL, and Sketch, to be

utilized during the system design process. The host, XAMPP, will

be required by the system software.

3.2 Software Design

3.2.1 System Architecture

Figure 2: System Architecture

Figure 2: The image above displays all the sensors that will be needed to our system.As
you can see we have pH level and temperature sensors to measure the acidity of the water. The
water level sensor enables us to determine the amount of water present in the container. The
LCD display serves as an interface. The Development Module board acts as the central
processing unit for our system and allows us to send SMS to users.

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3.2.2 Data Flow Diagram

3.2.2.1 Diagram 0 (Context Diagram)

Figure 3: Context Diagram

Figure 3 The context diagram is the most simple illustration of how the system

functions when utilized, with the administrator and sensors being the key entities involved.

The user checks the sensors through the system, which then sends a signal request to

the sensor, and the sensor responds back to the system. The system will send a real-time

salinity update to the user and also deliver an SMS notification to the user.

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3.2.2.2 Level 1

Figure 4: Level 1 Diagram

Figure 4: Diagram 1 provides a more detailed depiction of the system flow while data

flow is symbolized by arrows. Data storage is represented by a long rectangle.

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3.2.3 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 5: Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 5: This Entity Relationship Diagram shows the structural design of the database. It
acts as a framework created with specialized symbols for the purpose of defining the relationship
between the database entities.

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3.2.4 Use Case Diagram

Figure 6: Use Case Diagram

Figure 6: The use case diagram shows every interaction with the system, showcasing the

flow of actions involving requesting data, viewing data, and receiving notification.

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3.2.5 Activity Diagram

Figure 7: Activity Diagram

Figure 7: This diagram illustrates how the system processes the data gathered from the

sensors to the Development Module.

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Block Diagram

Figure 8: Block Diagram

Figure 8: This diagram shows each component (Sensors, LCD display, SMS

messaging, and connectivity) is represented as a block, and arrows show the flows of

information or signal between them.

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Schematic Diagram

Figure 9: Circuit Diagram

Figure 9: This diagram describes how the components connected to the Esp32 module. This
represents the functionality and connectivity between different electronic components.

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Figure 10: Esp 32 Dev Module

Figure 10: The Esp32 Development Module or Esp32 is the name of the chip that was
developed by Espressif System. This provides Wi-fi (and in some models) dual-mode
Bluetooth connectivity to embedded devices. While ESP32 is technically just the chip,
module, and development board.

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Figure 11: pH sensor

Figure 11: pH Meter using Arduino Uno. pH scale is used to measure the acidity and

basicity of a liquid. It can have readings ranging from 1-14 where 1 shows the most acidic

liquid and 14 shows the most basic liquid. 7 pH is for neutral substances that are neither

acidic nor basic.

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Figure 12:TDS Sensors

Figure 12: TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) sensors compatible with Arduino are

available for measuring the concentration of dissolved solids in liquids. These sensors work

by utilizing electrical conductivity to estimate the TDS value of a solution..

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Figure 13: ZP4510 Liquid Water Sensor

Figure 13: A float switch is a type of level sensor, a device used to detect the level of
liquid within a tank. The switch may be used to control a pump, as an indicator, an alarm, or
to control other devices.

3.3 Research Locale

This study named Water Monitoring System for Aquaculture is a free-for-all device, which

means other people who want to venture into the aquaculture business can use the device we are

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developing. Because of the lower supply and more demand for crustacean products here in the

Philippines and abroad, the prices of crustaceans go higher every month. Our goal is to encourage

people who think farming saltwater seafood in plains is nearly impossible because of the

freshwater we have. This study will be implemented on a certain key people who are currently in

the farming business and then will be introduced to anyone who wants to venture into the

aquaculture business. More likely, people who are into farming business are located at Macabebe,

Pampanga which has a vast land to develop for the said business.

3.4 Project Development Approach / Software Development

Figure 14 : Agile Methodology

Plan

During the requirement phase, the proponents gathered all the information they needed in

order to develop the smart crab technology using Development Module. Every part is carefully

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and thoroughly studied in order to be sure and to avoid mistakes in buying the specific parts

needed for the development of the project.

Design

During this stage the proponents prepared the Development Module, libraries, and sensors

needed to develop the smart crab project. The proponents also illustrated the website design

which will include all the important data that the system has. The developer then made the web

structure using HTML, then designed it with CSS

Develop

Once the testing process is finalized, the proponents will proceed with the implementation of

the system and the prototype. During the deployment phase, there will be ongoing testing and

integration of the proposed system and the prototype to prioritize user feedback and ensure

optimal functioning.

Test

During this stage, the proponents will enter the testing phase, where they will assess the

functionality and user interface of the proposed system and prototype by engaging a group of

individuals. The goal is to verify whether the system operates as intended, gathering valuable user

feedback from both the administrator and other system users.

Deploy

Once the testing process is finalized, the proponents will proceed with the implementation of

the system and the prototype. During the deployment phase, there will be ongoing testing and

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integration of the proposed system and the prototype to prioritize user feedback and ensure

optimal functioning.

Review

In the pre-implementation stage, the proposed system and prototype will undergo a thorough

testing examination. This phase will emphasize the significance of feedback, evaluation, and

continuous improvement.

Launch

After undergoing collaborative examination and ensuring it is free from errors, the proposed

system and prototype will be ready for the administrator to officially launch them for the local

users.

3.5 Research Ethics

This proposal has been reviewed and accepted by the Our Lady of Fatima University
Institutional Ethics Review Committee (OLFU - IERC), a body responsible for protecting the
security of study participants. When it comes to this research, the participants of the survey that
will be conducted will be free from unfair inducement. We retain the anonymity of the
participants by giving them the choice of whether to allow us to use their names or not. Since the
participant data will only be utilized to compare and support a theory in this study, there is no
danger that will be discussed in the research protocol. Three years after the study's publication,
the data will be kept on file. Digital data will be securely deleted after three years as part of our
process of disposal. If the proponents have any hard copies of the data, such as consent forms or
questionnaires, the proponents will shred or burn them to make sure they cannot be reverse-

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engineered. Google Drive files, participant questionnaires, and participant answers, as well as
printed copies of our interviews, will be destroyed. For record-keeping purposes, the proponents
will maintain track of the data that was deleted, when it was deleted, and how it was deleted to
ensure that all data was removed and disposed of properly.

3.6 Research Instrument

The researcher will use the survey forms for this study, and the content of the instrument
was based on (Appendix ). Answering the survey (Appendix ) will take approximately 5 to 10
minutes.

3.7 Data Collection

The researcher will use a survey form to collect data, targeting farmers involved in crab
farming. These respondents answered our questionnaire using the survey form we prepared. Once
they completed the survey, we gathered all the data from the survey form and coded the survey
step by step.
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Valencia, H., Caballar, E. J., Gomez, J., Dioneda, S., & Obanan, S. (2021). Heavy metal
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Appendix A
Permission Letter

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