Stephen Anderson John Taylor - Greek Unseen Translation 2016
Stephen Anderson John Taylor - Greek Unseen Translation 2016
Stephen Anderson John Taylor - Greek Unseen Translation 2016
Sources of Passages
Preface
List of Abbreviations
GCSE Passages
AS Passages
A2 Prose Passages
A2 Verse Passages
Easy Verse
51 Euripides Iphigenia in Tauris 1327-35
52 ∼ Andromache 26-37
53 ∼ Electra 3-13
54 ∼ Fragment 360 (Erechtheus) 4-7, 11, 13-18
55 ∼ Heraclidae 410-21
56 ∼ 869-70, 873-80, 883-4
57 ∼ Troades 78-88
58 ∼Hecuba 1218-27
59 ∼ Medea 465-74
60 ∼ 1323-32
A2 Prose
61 Xenophon Hellenica V. 1. 13-16
62 ∼ VI. 4. 19-21
63 ∼ Symposium 1. 14-15
64 ∼ Cyropaedia III. 2. 12-13
65 ∼ VII. 3. 2-6
66 ∼ Anabasis III. 2. 10-12
67 ∼ Memorabilia II. 1.13
68 ∼ III. 6. 3-5 928, 930
69 ∼ III. 7. 1-2
70 ∼ IV. 4. 5-7 298-310
71 Thucydides I. 85-6
72 ∼ I.94
73 ∼ II. 55
74 ∼ VI. 50
75 ∼ VII. 29-30
76 ∼ II. 21
78 ∼ IV. 70
79 ∼ VI. 57
80 ∼ VIII. 95-6
81 Lysias I. 22-5
82 ∼ III. 6-8
83 ∼ XXIV. 1
84 ∼ XXI. 6-10
85 Andocides De Mysteriis 61-3
86 Demosthenes De Corona 169
87 Plato Charmides 153a-c
88 ∼ Apology 32a-d
89 Lucian Vera Hisloria II. 3
90 ∼ 11.35
A2 Verse
91 Euripides Andromache 64-78
92 ∼ Electra 761-73
93 ∼ Phoenissae 357-73
94 ∼ Troades 740-54
95 ∼ Fragment 282 (Autolycus)
96 ∼ Heraclidae 941-9, 953-8
97 ∼ Iphigenia at Aulis 825-8,841-2
98 ∼ Orestes 360-9,371-4
99 ∼ Hecuba 10-22, 25-7
100 ∼ Iphigenia in Tauris 492-502, 505, 508-10
101 ∼ Iphigenia at Aulis 801-16
102 ∼ Medea 1293-1303, 1306-10
103 ∼ Helen 557-71,574
104 ∼ Andromache 750-63
105 ∼ Iphigenia in Tauris 1289, 1291-1302, 1304-6
106 ∼ Helen 597-8, 600, 602-5, 607-15
107 ∼ Alcestis 158-61, 170-1, 175-6, 183-91
108 ∼ Orestes 518-25,534-41
109 ∼ Hecuba 1129-44
110 ∼ Medea 475-89
111 Sophocles Antigone 446-61
112 ∼ Electra 808-22
113 ∼ Philoctetes 603-16
114 ∼ Oedipus Tyrannus 945-59
115 ∼ Trachiniae 180-95
116 ∼ Philoctetes 1336-51
117 ∼ Ajax 457-72
118 ∼ 541-2,545-7,550-9
119 Aeschylus Choephori 904-13, 922-3,
120 [Aeschylus] Prometheus Vinctus
Preface
This collection of 120 passages for unseen translation includes many new
pieces and some old favourites. The five sections are intended to provide a
graded course from pre-GCSE to A-level. The order within each section is a
compromise between ascending difficulty and thematic connection.
Passages have been chosen for their intrinsic interest, and we hope they will
offer enjoyable variety.
The twenty GCSE passages and the thirty AS ones gloss all words not
included in the vocabulary lists prescribed by OCR for examination in 2007
onwards, and all proper names except the handful included in the GCSE
list. The aorist of irregular verbs is where necessary given after the present
in the GCSE section, and sometimes also in the AS section. The ten easy
verse passages assume the AS list, and examples of elision and crasis are
identified. For A2 (where OCR have - in our view rightly - resisted calls for
a prescribed vocabulary) glossing is discretionary, as it is in the
examination papers. In minor respects we make greater demands than they
do: we do not provide lead-in translations of a preceding section, glossed
words are underlined only on their first appearance, and the selectiveness of
glossing in the A2 section extends to proper names. Candidates who have
practised their unseen translation skills on the passages here should be well
prepared for anything the examiners can throw at them. Teachers may of
course give any additional words and other help they consider necessary.
Though the book is designed with the requirements of the British public
examination system in mind, we hope it may be useful also to students
learning Greek in other contexts: as undergraduates, in adult education, or
by private study.
John Taylor is responsible for the GCSE, AS and Easy Verse sections. He
wishes to thank Anna Davey at OCR for a sneak preview of the 2007
vocabulary lists. Stephen Anderson is responsible for the A2 Prose and A2
Verse sections. He wishes to thank John Falconer and Andrew Leigh for
help and encouragement, and in particular Ian McAuslan for reading all the
passages in those sections and suggesting numerous improvements. We are
grateful to Deborah Blake and Ray Davies at Duckworth for their
supportive guidance.
Stephen Anderson
Winchester College
John Taylor
Tonbridge School
List of abbreviations
acc accusative
cidj adjective
aor aorist
dat dative
f feminine
foil follows, following
fut future
gen genitive
impv imperative
inf infinitive
interrog interrogative
intr intransitive
irreg irregular
lit literally
m masculine
mid middle
n neuter
nom nominative
part participle
pass passive
pf perfect
pi plural
plpf pluperfect
prep preposition
sg singular
tr transitive
usu usually
voc vocative
GCSE Passages
(based on Aesop)
μῦς μυός ὁ mouse
ἔνδον inside
οὐκέτι no longer
χαῖρε goodbye!
8
ἀνήρ τις, πλέωυ πρὸς τὰς Ἀθήνας, εἶχεν ἐν τῇ νηὶ πίθηκον, ἀϕικομένων
δὲ αὐτῶν πρὸς Σούνιον, τὸ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἀκρωτήριον, χειμὼν μέγιστος
ταχέως ἐγένετο. τῆς οὖν νεὼς καταδυσαμένης καὶ πάντων ἐν τῷ ὕδατι
ὄντων, χαλεπῶς ἔνει ὁ πίθηκος, δελϕὶς δέ τις αὐτὸν ἰδὼν καὶ ἄνθρωπον
5 εἶναι νομίζων, ὑπολαβὼν πρὸς τὴν γῆν ἐκόμιζεν. τῶν δὲ δυοῖν θηρῶν
ἔγγυς τοῦ Πειραιῶς ἐλθόντων, ὁ μὲν δελϕὶς ἠρώτησε τὸν πίθηκον εἰ
Ἀθηναῖός ἐστιν. ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο ὅτι αὐτός τε Ἀθηναῖός ἐστι καὶ ὁ
πατὴρ λαμπρότατος ἐν τῇ πόλει. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἠρώτησε καὶ ὁ δελϕὶς
εἰ
τὸν Πειραιᾶ γιγνώσκει. ὁ δὲ πίθηκος τὸν δελϕῖνα περὶ ἀνθρώπου
λέγειν
10 πιστεύων ἔϕη τὸν Πειραιᾶ ϕίλον ἑαυτῷ εἶναι, ὁ οὖν δελϕὶς τοιούτῳ
ψεύδει ὀργίσθεις κατεκολύμβησεν ἵνα τὸν πίθηκον ἀποκτείνειεν.
(based on Aesop)
Ἀθῆναι -ων αἱ Athens
πίθηκος-ου ὁ ape
Ἀττική - ῆς ἡ Attica
καταδύομαι I sink
νέω I swim
γέρων τις εἶχεν ἕνα υἱόν ὁ δὲ θηρεύειν ἐϕίλει. καὶ ὁ πατὴρ εἶδε τοῦτον
ἐν ὀνείρῳ ὑπὸ λέοντος ἀποθανόντα. οἰκίαν οὖν καλλίστην
κατεσκεύασεν.
ἐν ᾗ τὸν παιδὰ εἰσαχθέντα ἐϕύλασσεν. καὶ ἐζωγράϕησεν ἐν τοῖς τῆς
οἰκίας τείχεσιν, ὡς χαρισόμενος τῷ δυστυχεῖ νεανίᾳ, ἄλλα τε ζῷα καὶ
5 λέοντα. ὁ δὲ νεανίας διότι τὸν λέοντα καθ' ἡμέραν ἐσκόπει πλέονα
λύπην
εἶχεν. καὶ τῷ λέοντι εἶπεν " ἆρα οὐ διά σε καὶ τὸν ψευδῆ ὄνειρον τὸν
τοῦ ἐμοῦ πατρὸς ἐν τῇδε τῇ οἰκίᾳ κατεκλείσθην, ὥσπερ ἐν
δεσμωτηρίῳ;"
καὶ ταῦτα εἴπων τοσαυτῇ βίᾳ ἐπέβαλε τῷ τείχει τὴν χεῖρα, τὸν λέοντα
βλάπτειν βουλόμενος, ὥστε σκόλοψ λίθου τῷ ὄνυχι ὕπην. καὶ ὀλίγων
10 ἡμερῶν πυρετοῦ γενομένου ὁ νεανίας ἀπέθανεν ὑπὸ λέοντος.
(based on Aesop)
θηρεύω I hunt
ζωγραϕέω I paint
3
σκοπέω I look at
λύπη -ης ἡ grief
5
κατακλείω
ὕπειμι I am under
(based on Euripides)
Ἄδμητος-ου ὁ Admetus
ὥρα-ας ἡ time
τάϕος-ου ὁ tomb
ἐπεὶ μέν οὖν οἱ πολέμιοι ἐγγὺς ἦσαν τῆς πόλεως, πάντες ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν
εἰς τὴν πόλιν πορεύθεντες ἐϕύλαξαν τὰ τείχη, καὶ ἔνθα μὲν τείχη
ἰσχυρά,
ἔνθα δὲ ποταμὸς ἦν. ἔπειτα δὲ νεανίας τις, ὃς τὴν γέϕυραν ἐϕύλασσεν,
ὁτὲ οἱ πολέμιοι πανταχοῦ εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν ἐδίωκον τοὺς τὴν πόλιν
5 ϕυλάσσοντας, ᾔτησε τούς ϕίλους μὴ ϕυγεῖν. δύο δέ ἄλλοι νεανίαι,
αἰσχρὸν νομίζοντες εἰ λείποιεν, μετὰ αὐτοῦ ἐμάχοντο πρὸς τοὺς
πολεμίους. αὐτὸς δὲ ἐκέλευσε τοὺς πολίτας τὴν γέϕυραν διαϕθεῖραι.
ἐκείνων δὲ πειθομένων ἐκέλευσε τοὺς μὲν δύο διαβαίνειν τὸν ποταμὸν
τῆς γεϕύρας οὔπω διαϕθαρείσης, αὐτὸς δὲ εὐχὴν ποιησάμενος καὶ εἰς
τὸ
ὕδωρ πηδήσας εἰς γῆν ἐσώθη.
(based on Polybius)
ἐγγύς near (+ gen)
ἔνθα... ἔνθα (first time) here, on this side ... (second time) there, on that side
γέϕυρα-ας ἡ bridge
ὁτέ when
4
πανταχοῦ everywhere
(based on Lycurgus)
Κόδρος -ου ὁ Codrus
βασιλεύω I am king
στρατεύω I march
2
ἐξαπατάω I deceive
ἕτερος -α -ον (first time) one ... (second time) the other
κῆρυξ-υκος ὁ herald
(based on Theophrastus)
κόλαξ -ακος ὁ flatterer
ἐπαινέω I praise
χθές yesterday
πάρειμι I am present
ὁμολογέω I agree
4
σιγάω I am silent
ὠθέω I push
ἱμάτιον-ου τό cloak
στόμα-ατος τό mouth
6
κατέχω I restrain
αὐτός (here) the man himself (i.e. the person being flattered)
οἶνος-ου ὁ wine
(based on Demosthenes)
Κόνων -ωνος ὁ Conon
μεθύω I am drunk
μιμέομαι I imitate
8 κροτέω I beat
ἀγκών -ῶνος ὁ elbow
(based on Herodotus)
Σοῦσα -ων τά Susa (capital of the Persian empire)
Δημοκήδης-ους ὁ Democedes
ὅλως completely
(based on Thucydides)
Παυσανίας-ου ὁ Pausanias
χαρίζομαι I do a favour
Ξέρξης-ου ὁ Xerxes
γαμέω I marry
Ἑλλάς-άδος ἡ Greece
ἀρέσκω I please
Πλαταία -ας Plataea (town in central Greece, site of famous Greek victory
over the Persians)
ἐνδύομαι I wear
ὕβρις-εως ἡ arrogance
(based on Thucydides)
τριήρης-ους ἡ trireme, warship (fast ship with three banks of oars)
πλους-οῦ ὁ voyage
δουλόω
(based on Thucydides)
Βρασὶδας-ου ὁ Brasidas
στρατεύω I march
(based on Xenophon)
ἀπορέω I am at a loss
βέλος-ους τό missile
(based on Xenophon)
Ξενοϕῶν -ῶ ντοςὁ Xenophon (Athenian general and historian)
ναύαρχος-ου ὁ admiral
2
μισθός-οῦ ὁ pay
ἄχθομαι I am angry
αἰτιάομαι I blame
ἀθυμέω I am disheartened
ἔξοδος-ου ἡ departure
15 Xenophon’s soldiers after a long overland march finally see the sea.
(based on Xenophon)
Note in this passage the alternative spelling -ττ- for -σσ- (τέτταρας, θάλαττα).
ἐγγύτερον nearer
τάχα soon
(based on Plutarch)
Θηβαῖοι -ων οἱ Thebans, men of Thebes (town in central Greece)
᾽Επαμεινώνδας-ου ὁ Epaminondas
ἑταῖρος-ου ὁ companion
ζάω I live
ἰατρός-οῦ ὁ doctor
τελευτάω I die
ἄτεκνος-ον childless
(based on Arrian)
'Αλέξανδρος-ου ὁ Alexander
Αἷμος-ου ὁ Haemus
βουλεύομαι I plan
οὗ where
5
ἀπότομος-ον steep
(based on Arrian)
τειχίζω aor pass ἐτειχίσθην I fortify
'Αλέξανδρος-ου ὁ Alexander
(based on Lucian)
ἀεροδρομέω I travel by air
οἰκέω I inhabit
στολή - ῆς ἡ clothing
7
(based on Lucian)
οἴκαδε home, homewards
ἄντρον-ου τό cave
ὅλως completely
ἕλος-ους τό marsh
Κλέαρχος-ου ὁ Clearchus
Οἴομαι I think
5
κατέχω I control
23 The Athenian general Conon, blockaded by the Spartans at Mytilene,
succeeds in getting a message to Athens.
ὁ δέ Κόνων ἐπεὶ ἐπολιορκεῖτο καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν, καὶ
σίτον οὐδαμόθεν ἦν εὐπορῆσαι, οἱ δὲ ἄνθρωποι πολλοὶ ἐν τῇ πόλει
ἦσαν καί οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι οὐκ ἐβοήθουν διά τό μὴ πυνθάνεσθαι ταῦτα,
καθελκύσας τῶν νεῶν τὰς ἄριστα πλεούσας δύο ἐπλήρωσε πρὸ
ἡμέρας,
5 ἐξ ἁπασῶν τῶν νεῶν τοὺς ἀρίστους ἐρέτας ἐκλέξας καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάτας
εἰς κοίλην ναῦν μεταβιβάσας. ὕστερον δὲ ἐξέπλευσαν ἔξω τοῦ λιμένος,
καὶ ἡ μὲν ἐπὶ Ἑλλησπόντου ὥρμησεν, ἡ δέ εἰς τό πέλαγος. οἱ δὲ
πολέμιοι
τὰς ἀγκύρας ἀποκόπτοντες ἐβοήθουν τεταραγμένοι, τυχόντες ἐν τῇ γῇ
ἀριστοποιούμενοι·εἰσβάντες δέ ἐδίωκον τήν εἰς τὸ πέλαγος
ἀϕορμήσασαν,
10 και ἅμα τῷ ἡλίῳ δύνοντι κατέλαβον, καὶ κρατήσαντες μάχῃ,
ἀναδησάμενοι ἀπῆγον εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδο ν αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσιν. ἡ δ' ἐπὶ
τοῦ
Ἑλλησπόντου ϕυγοῦσα ναῦς διέφυγε, καί ἀϕικομένη εἰς τὰς ’Αθήνας
ἐξαγγέλλει τὴν πολιορκίαν.
Καθἑλκω I launch
ἐκλέγω I select
ἐπιβάτης -ου ὁ marine (soldier on board ship but not rowing)
ὀψέ late
2
Αἰγος ποταμοί οἱ Aegospotami (lit Goat Rivers)
καθοράω I observe
ὁρμέω I am moored
μέτειμι I fetch
πεντεκαίδεκα fifteen
Ἀγις-ιδος ὁ Agis
οἴομαι I think
ἀνδραποδίζω
ϕρουρός-οῦ ὁ guard
ἀποσημαίνομαι I confiscate
διαβάλλω I slander
12
λυμαίνομαι I damage
παραγίγνομαι 1 am present
27 The Spartan King Agesilaus defeats a force of Persian cavalry which
has been harassing his army.
δέκα ἀϕ' ἥβης ten-year class, men with ten years' service, lit ten
ἐπακολουθέω I follow
28 The Spartan King Agesilaus is recalled from service in Asia by a crisis
at home.
παραγγέλλω I order
ψηϕίζομαι ἐψηϕισάμην I vote
29 The Mantineans, after becoming independent as a result of a treaty,
decide to fortify their city. The Spartan King Agesilaus unsuccessfully
urges them not to do this without Sparta's permission.
αὐτίκα Straightaway
ὁ ἐμὸς πατὴρ ἐπείσθη μὲν ὑπὸ Περικλέους εἰς ταύτην τὴν γῆν
ἀϕικέσθαι,
ἔτη δὲ τριάκοντα οὕτως ᾤκησεν ὥστε μήτε τοὺς ἄλλους ἀδικεῖν μήτε
ὑπὸ
τῶν ἄλλων ἀδικεῖσθαι. ἐπειδὴ δ' οἱ τριάκοντα πονηροὶ ὄντες εἰς τὴν
ἀρχὴν κατέστησαν, ϕάσκοντες χρῆναι τοὺς ἀδίκους ἐξελάσαι ἐκ τῆς
5 πόλεως καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς πολίτας ἐπ' ἀρετὴν καί δικαιοσύνην
τραπέσθαι,
τοιαῦτα λέγοντες οὐ τοιαῦτα ἐποίησαν. ἔλεγον γὰρ τῶν τριάκοντά
τινες
περὶ τῶν μετοίκων, ὡς εἶέν τινες τῇ πολιτεία ἀχθόμενοι· καλλίστην
οὖν
εἶναι πρόϕασιν τιμωρεῖσθαι μὲν δοκεῖν, τῷ δὲ ἔργῳ χρηματίζεσθαι·
πάντως δὲ τὴν μὲν πόλιν πένεσθαι, τὴν δὲ ἀρχὴν δεῖσθαι χρημάτων.
καὶ
10 τοὺς ἀκούοντας οὐ χαλεπῶς ἔπειθον· ἀποκτείνειν μὲν γὰρ ἀνθρώπους
περὶ
οὐδενὸς ἡγοῦντο, λαμβάνειν δὲ χρήματα περὶ πολλοῦ ἐποιοῦντο.
ἔδοξεν
οὖν αὐτοῖς δέκα συλλαβεῖν, τούτων δὲ δύο πένητας, ἵνα ἔχωσιν
ἀπολογίαν ὡς οὐ χρημάτων ἕνεκα ταῦτα πέπρακται.
πάντως completely
9
πένομαι I am poor
συλλαμβάνω I arrest
Ἀρχένεως -ω ὁ Archeneus
3
παραγγέλλω I order
6
οὐδεπώποτε never
οἴομαι I think
Πλαταιεύς -ἐως Plataean, person from Plataea (a town in central Greece, long
ὁ allied with Athens)
οἴομαι I think
Ἱππαρμόδωρος Hipparmodorus
2 -ου ὁ
τῇ ἕνῃ καὶ νέᾳ lit on the old and new (understand day), i.e.
καὶ γάρ τοι πολλὰ καλὰ καὶ θαυμαστὰ οἱ ἡμέτεροι πρόγονοι διὰ τὴν
αὑτῶν ἀρετὴν εἰργάσαντο. μόνοι γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἁπάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος πρὸς
πολλὰς μυριάδας τῶν βαρβάρων διεκινδύνευσαν, ὁ γὰρ τῆς Ἀσίας
βασιλεὺς οὐκ ἀγαπῶν τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν ἀγαθοῖς, ἀλλ' ἐλπίζων καὶ τὴν
5 Εὐρώπην δουλώσεσθαι, ἔστειλε πεντήκοντα μυριάδας στρατιάν,
ἡγησάμενοι δέ, εἰ τήνδε τὴν πόλιν ἢ ἑκοΰσαν ϕίλην ποιήσαιντο ἢ
ἄκόυσαν καταστρέψαιντο, ῥᾳδίως τών πολλῶν Ἑλλήνων ἄρξειν,
ἀπέβησαν εἰς Μαραθῶνα. οἱ δ' ἡμέτεροι πρόγονοι οὐ λογισμῷ εἰδότες
τοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ κινδύνους, ἀλλὰ νομίζοντες τὸν εὐκλεᾶ θάνατον
10 ἀθάνατον περὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν καταλείπειν λόγον, οὐκ ἐϕοβήθησαν τὸ
πλῆθος τῶν ἐναντίων, ἀλλὰ τῇ αὐτῶν ἀρετῇ μᾶλλον ἐπίστευσαν. Και
αἰσχυνόμενοι ὅτι ἦσαν οἱ βάρβαροι αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ, οὐκ ἀνέμειναν
πυθέσθαι οὐδὲ βοηθῆσαι τοὺς συμμάχους, ἀλλά μιᾷ γνώμῃ ἐξελθόντες
ὀλίγοι πρὸς πολλούς ἐνίκησαν.
καταστρέϕομαι
7
ἀποβαίνω I land
μοῖρα-ας ἡ fate
προσήκει it is appropriate
ἐκλέγω I choose
ζηλόω I envy
οἶμαι I think
ἔθος-ους τό custom
πάτριος -α -ον ancestral
12
Ἀθήνησι in Athens
συνεσκευασάμην I pack up
Ῥόδος-ου ἡ Rhodes
Ἀθήναζε to Athens
εὐνοῦχος-ου ὁ eunuch
κατακούω I hear
ἄχθομαι I am annoyed
2
φοιτάω I come frequently
κρούω I knock
ἔα ha!
πάνυ very
ἀκολουθέω I follow
38 Alcibiades tells fellow-guests at a symposium about the bravery of
Socrates in battle.
Σωκράτης-ους ὁ Socrates
παραγίγνομαι I am present
πάνυ very
ἐρρωμένως strongly
12
39 After the death of the Persian King Darius, a dispute arises between his
two sons Artaxerxes and Cyrus.
Τισσαφέρνης-ου ὁ Tissaphernes
Κῦρος-ου ὁ Cyrus
2
καταλλάσσω
aor pass κατηλλάγην I reconcile
ἐνδρεύω I ambush
οἴομαι I think
συλλαμβάνω I arrest
13
41 The story of how the young Xenophon joined the expedition of Cyrus
after consulting Socrates and the Delphic oracle.
Πρόξενος-ου ὁ Proxenus
Σωκράτης-ους ὁ Socrates
Δελϕοί - ῶν οἱ Delphi
Ἀπόλλων -ωνος ὁ
βάθος-ους τό depth
διαδίδωμι I distribute
43 A Macronian serving under Xenophon acts as an interpreter between
the Greeks and hiscountrymen.
Ἀθήνησι in Athens
4
οἶμαι I think
χρῄζω I want
οἶμαι I think
ὀρύττω I dig
παίω I strike
ἄνδρες Ἀσσύριοι, νῦν δεῖ ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς εἶναι· νῦν γὰρ ὑπὲρ ψυχῶν
τῶν ὑμετέρων ὁ ἀγών ἐστι καὶ ὑπὲρ γῆς ἐν ᾑ ἐγένεσθε καὶ οἴκων ἐν οἷς
ἐτράϕητε, καὶ ὑπὲρ γυναικῶν τε καὶ τέκνων καὶ περὶ πάντων ὧν ἔχετε
ἀγαθῶν. νικήσαντες μὲν γὰρ ἁπάντων τούτων ὑμεῖς ὥσπερ πρότερον
5 κύριοι ἔσεσθε· εἰ δὲ ἡττηθήσεσθε, εὖ ἴστε ὅτι παραδώσετε ταῦτα
πάντα
τοῖς πολεμίοις. ἅτε οὖν νίκης ἐρῶντες μένοντες μάχεσθε. μῶρος δὲ τις
ἂν εἴη εἰ ζῆν βουλόμενος ϕεύγειν πειρῷτο, εἰδὼς ὅτι οἱ μὲν νικῶντες
σῴζονται, οἱ δὲ ϕεύγοντες ἀποθνήσκουσι μᾶλλον τῶν μενόντων.
μῶρος
δὲ καὶ εἴ τις χρημάτων ἐπιθυμῶν ἧτταν προσίεται. τίς γὰρ οὐκ οἶδεν
ὅτι
10 οἱ μὲν νικῶντες τά τε ἑαυτῶν σῴζουσι καὶ τὰ τῶν ἡττωμένων
προσλαμβάνουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἡττώμενοι ἅμα ἑαυτούς τε καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν
πάντα
ἀποβάλλουσιν;
προσίεμαι I accept
9
Thucydides, I. 30 (adapted)
ΚερκυραΙοι-ων οί Corcyraeans
μέχρι οὗ until
10
ὅρος-ου ὁ boundary
ἀγωγός-οῦ ὁ escort
πω yet
προχωρέω I advance
48 Alexander receives miraculous guidance to the desert shrine of Zeus
Ammon.
ψάμμος-ου ἡ sand
ἄνυδρος-ον waterless
Ἀλέξανδρος-ου ὁ Alexander
3
γήλοφος-ου ὁ hill
ὁδίτης-ου ὁ traveller
τεκμαίρομαι I judge
πορεία-ας ἡ route
πλανάομαι I wander
δράκων-οντος ὁ serpent
ὀπίσω back
12
49 Alexander meets the Indian prince Porus whose army he has defeated.
Προσιππεύω I ride up
κόσμος-ου ὁ glory
εὐδαιμονία -ας ἡ prosperity
μεταβάλλω I change
δ' = δὲ (elision)
στείχω I walk
8
ὕποπτος-ον suspicious
ἀρέσκω I am pleasing
πρόσπολος-ου ὁ servant
μ' = με (elision)
τέκνον-ου τό child
λέχος-ους τό bed
νιν her
7
φάρμακον-ου τό drug
πόσις-εως ὁ husband
οἶκος-ου ὁ house
θέλω = ἐθέλω
δ' = δὲ (elision)
Χερί = χειρί
χὠ = καὶ ὁ (crasis)
σκῆπτρον -ου τό sceptre (symbol of royal power; here pl for sg)
ᾗ where
λεώς -ώ ὁ people
4
νιν it
5 χερῶν = χειρῶν
δ' = δέ (elision)
ὀλούμενος -η -ον
4
intrfut part of ὄλλυμ (lit) about to perish; phrase with κακῶς = accursed
ἀτάρ but
κεύθω I conceal
Ἰόλεως -ώ ὁ lolaus
δεσποτέω I control
χερί = χερί
12
57 Athene foretells problems on their way home from Troy for the Greeks
who have offended her. She asks Poseidon to help in making their
voyage difficult, and he agrees.
τ' = τε (elision)
2
δ' = δέ (elision)
αὖ in turn
πόρος-ου ὁ path
βρέμω I roar
εὐσεβέω I revere
εἰδῶσ' = εἰδῶσι (elision)
εἴπερ if indeed
πένομαι I am poor
3
πω yet
χερός = χειφός
5
κατερέω I persist
δόμος-ου ὁ house
μήν indeed
δ' = δέ (elision)
10
σ' = σέ (elision)
τ' = τε (elision)
4
θράσος-ους τό boldness
βλέπω I look
ἀναίδει' = ἀναίδεια
δ' = δέ (elision)
λυπέομαι I am grieved
κλύω I hear
60 Jason rebukes Medea who has murdered their children.
δράσασ' δράσασα
5
προσβλέπω I look at
γαῖα-ας ἡ = γῆ
προδότις-ιδος ἡ betrayer
σ' = σέ (elision)
οἱ δὲ Θηβαῖοι εὐθὺς μὲν μετὰ τὴν μάχην ἔπεμψαν εἰς Ἀθήνας ἄγγελον
ἐστεφανωμένον, καὶ ἅμα μὲν τῆς νίκης τὸ μέγεθος ἔφραζον, ἅμα δὲ
βοηθεῖν ἐκέλευον, λέγοντες ὡς νῦν ἐξείη Λακεδαιμονίους πάντων ὧν
ἐπεποιήκεσαν αὐτοὺς τιμωρήσασθαι. τῶν δὲ 'Αθηναίων ἡ βουλὴ
5 ἐτύγχανεν ἐν ἀκροπ όλει καθημένη. ἐπεὶ δ' ἤκουσαν τὸ γεγενημένον,
ὅτι
μὲν σφόδρα ἠνιάθησαν πᾶσι δῆλον ἐγένετο· οὔτε γὰρ ἐπὶ ξένια τὸν
κήρυκα ἐκάλεσαν, περί τε τῆς βοηθείας οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίναντο. καὶ
Ἀθήνηθεν μὲν οὕτως ἀπῆλθεν ὁ κῆρυξ. πρὸς μέντοι Ίάσονα, σύμμαχον
ὄντα, ἔπεμπον σπουδῇ οἱ Θηβαίοι, κελεύοντες βοηθεῖν, διαλογιζόμενοι
πῇ
10 τὸ μέλλον ἀποβήσοιτο. ὁ δ' εὐθὺς τριήρεις μὲν ἐπλήρου, ὡς βοηθήσων
κατά θάλατταν, συλλαβὼν δὲ τὸ ξενικὸν καὶ τοὺς περὶ αὑτὸν ἱππέας,
καίπερ ἀκηρύκτῳ πολέμῳ τῶν Φωκέων χρωμένων, πεζῇ διεπορεύθη
εἰς
τὴν Βοιωτίαν, ἐν πολλαῖς τῶν πόλεων πρότερον ὀφθεὶς ἢ ἀγγελθεὶς ὅτι
πορεύοιτο.
πολλαὶ ἡμῖν καὶ καλαὶ ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ σωτηρίας, πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἡμεῖς
μὲν
ἐμπεδοῦμεν τοὺς τῶν θεῶν ὅρκους, οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἐπιωρκήκασί τε καὶ
τὰς
σπονδὰς παρὰ τοὺς ὅρκους λελύκασιν. οὕτω δ' ἐχόντων εἰκὸς τοῖς μὲν
πολεμίοις ἐναντίους εἶναι τοὺς θεούς, ἡμἶν δὲ συμμάχους, οἵπερ ἱκανοί
5 εἰσι καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους ταχὺ μικροὺς ποιεῖν καὶ τοὺς μικρούς, κἂν ἐν
δεινοῖς ὦσι, σῴζειν εὐπετῶς, ὅταν βούλωνται. ἔπειτα δὲ ἀναμνήσω
ὑμᾶς
καὶ τοὺς τῶν προγόνων τῶν ἡμετέρων κινδύνους, ἵνα εἰδῆτε ὡς
ἀγαθοῖς
τε ὑμῖν προσήκει εἶναι σώζονταί τε σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καὶ ἐκ πάνυ δεινῶν
οἱ
ἀγαθοί. ἐλθόντων μὲν γὰρ Περσῶν καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτοῖς παμπληθεῖ
στόλῳ
10 ὡς ἀφανιούντων τὰς Ἀθήνας, ὑποστῆναι αὐτοὶ Ἀθηναῖοι τολμήσαντες
ἐνίκησαν αὐτούς. καὶ εὐξάμενοι τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι, ὁπόσους κατακάνοιεν
τῶν
πολεμίων, τοσαύτας χιμαίρας καταθύσειν τῇ θεῷ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ εἶχον
ἱκανὰς
εὑρεῖν, ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν πεντακοσίας θύειν, καὶ ἔτι νῦν
ἀποθύουσιν.
"ἀλλ' ἐγώ τοι," ἔϕη, "ἵνα μὴ πάσχω ταῦτα, οὐδ' εἰς πολιτείαν ἐμαυτόν
κατακλείω, ἀλλὰ ξένος πανταχοῦ εἰμι." καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης ἔϕη · "τοῦτο
μέντοι ἤδη λέγεις δεινὸν πάλαισμα. τοὺς γάρ ξένους, ἐξ οὗ ὅ τε Σίνις
καὶ ὁ Σκείρων καὶ ὁ Προκρούστης ἀπέθανον, οὐδεὶς ἔ τι ἀδικεῖ· ἀλλά
5 νῦν οἱ μὲν πολιτευόμενοι ἐν ταῖς πατρίσι καὶ νόμους τίθενται, ἵνα μὴ
ἀδικῶνται, καὶ ταῖς πόλεσιν ἐρύματα περιβάλλονται, καὶ ὅπλα κτῶνται
οἷς ἀμυνοῦνται τούς ἀδικοῦντας, καὶ πρὸς τούτοις ἄλλους ἔξωθεν
συμμάχους κατασκευάζονται· καὶ οἱ μὲν ταῦτα πάντα κεκτημένοι
ὅμως
ἀδικοῦνται· σὺ δὲ οὐδὲν μὲν τούτων ἔχων, ἐν δὲ ταῖς ὁδοῖς, ἔνθα
10 πλεῖστοι ἀδικοῦνται, πολὺν χρόνον διατρίβων, εἰς ὁποίαν δ' ἂν πόλιν
ἀϕίκη, τῶν πολιτῶν πάντων ἥττων ὤν, καὶ τοιοῦτος, οἵοις μάλιστα
ἐπιτίθενται οἱ βουλόμενοι ἀδικεῖν, ὅμως διὰ τὸ ξένος εἶναι οὐκ ἂν οἴει
ἀδικηθῆναι; ἦ διότι αἱ πόλεις σοι κηρύττουσιν ἀσϕαλείαν καὶ
προσιόντι
καὶ ἀπιόντι, θαρρεῖς;"
trick
πάλαισμα -ατος τό
annual revenues
πρόσοδοι -ων αἱ
I am deficient
ἐνδεῶς ἔχω
I am missing
παραλείπομαι
69 Charmides, son of Glaucon, is encouraged by Socrates to take an
active part in public life.
but
ἀτάρ
70 Socrates exposes a flaw in the attitude of the sophist Hippias, who has
tried to make fun of him for always saying the same things.
I make fun of
ἐπισκώπτω
of course
ἀμέλει
71 After King Archidamus has spoken, the ephor Sthenelaidas condemns
a self-justifying speech of the Athenians who have wronged Spartan
allies. He encourages his countrymen to declare war upon them.
Thucydides, I. 85-6
(here) I understand
γιγνώσκω
double, twofold
διπλάσιος -α -ον
I overlook
περιοράω
(here) I am slow to
μέλλω
72 The Athenians are asked to keep a check on the violent behaviour of
Pausanias the Spartan. He is subsequently recalled home.
Thucydides, I. 94
I subdue
καταστρέϕομαι
I am vexed, annoyed
ἄχθομαι
I go repeatedly
ϕοιτάω
(here) I beg
ἀξιόω
imitation
μίμησις -εως ἡ
73 While the Peloponnesians ravage Attica, the Athenians, under Pericles,
make a naval attack on the coast of the Peloponnese.
Thucydides, II. 55
(here) I ravage, lay waste
τέμνω
coastal region
παραλία-ας ή
mine
μέταλλον -ου τό
Thucydides, VI. 50
Rhegium (a town in southern Italy)
Ῥήγιον -ου τό
I encamp
αὐλίζομαι
booty, plunder
λεία -ας ἡ
I lie at anchor
όρμέω
I swim
νέω
I anchor, moor
ὁρμίζω
76 As the Peloponnesians approach there is alarm in Athens, and feelings
run high against Pericles. He does his best to keep things calm.
Thucydides, II. 21
Acharnae (a village near Athens)
Ἀχαρναί -ῶν αἱ
bearable, tolerable
ἀνασχετός -όν
oracle-monger
χρησμολόγος -ου ὁ
I listen to
ἀκροάομαι
Acharnian
Ἀχαρνεύς -έως ὁ
I encourage, prompt
ἐνάγω
Thucydides, II. 93
Megarians (citizens of Megara)
Μεγαρεῖς -έων οἱ
unbarred
ἄκλῃστος -ον
I launch
καθέλκω (aor καθείλκυσα)
suddenly
ἐξαπιναίως
ἀκρωτήριον -ου τό headland, promontory
78 After the Athenians have captured the long walls between Megara and
its port, Nisaea, Brasidas arrives hoping to prevent further Athenian
action. He fails to gain entrance to Megara and to enlist its aid in an
attempt to recover Nisaea.
Thucydides, IV. 70
Tripodiscus (a village near Megara)
Τριποδίσκος -ου ὁ
not captured
ἀνάλωτος -ον
discovered
ἔκπυστος -ον
I make secure
βεβαιόομαι
(here) I beg
ἀξιόω
Thucydides, VI. 57
the Ceramicus or Potters' Quarter (an area north-west of the Agora)
Κεραμεικός -οῦ ὁ
procession
πομπή -ῆς ἡ
dagger
ἐγχειρίδιον -ου τό
fellow conspirator
ξυνωμότης -ου ὁ
recklessly
ἀπερισκέπτως
crowd
ὄχλος -ου ὁ
I dispose of
διατίθημι
panic
ἔκπληξις -εως ἡ
Lysias, I. 22-5
close friend
ἐπιτήδειος -ου ὁ
at that hour
τηνικαῦτα
I am in town
ἐπιδημέω
torch
δᾴς δᾳδός ἡ
shop, pub
καπηλεῖον -ου τό
I push
ὠθέω
I strike
πατάσσω
82 The speaker, who is on trial for assault with intention to kill, explains
in court how a boy to whom they were both attracted was the origin of
the first violent encounter between himself and Simon, his accuser.
πυθόμενος γὰρ ὅτι τὸ μειράκιον ἦν παρ' ἐμοί, ἐλθὼν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν τὴν
ἐμὴν νύκτωρ μεθύων, ἐκκόψας τὰς θύρας εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν
γυναικωνῖτιν,
ἔνδον οὐσῶν τῆς τε ἀδελϕῆς τῆς ἐμῆς καὶ τῶν ἀδελϕιδῶν, αἳ οὕτω
κοσμίως βεβιώκασιν ὥστε καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκείων ὁρώμεναι αἰσχύνεσθαι.
5 οὗτος τοίνυν εἰς τοῦτο ἦλθεν ὕβρεως ὥστ' οὐ πρότερον ἠθέλησεν
ἀπελθεῖν, πρὶν αὐτὸν ἡγούμενοι δεινὰ ποιεῖν οἱ παραγενόμενοι καὶ οἱ
μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐλθόντες, ἐπὶ παῖδας κόρας καὶ ὀρϕανὰς εἰσίοντα,
ἐξήλασαν
βίᾳ. καὶ τοσούτου ἐδέησεν αὐτῷ μεταμελῆσαι τῶν ὑβρισμένων, ὥστε
ἐξευρὼν οὗ ἐδειπνοῦμεν ἀτοπώτατον πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπιστότατον
ἐποίησεν, εἰ
10 μή τις εἰδείη τὴν τούτου μανίαν. ἐκκαλέσας γάρ με ἔνδοθεν, ἐπειδὴ
τάχιστα ἐξῆλθον, εὐθύς με τύπτειν ἐπεχείρησεν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ αὐτὸν
ἠμυνάμην, ἐκστὰς ἔβαλλέ με λίθοις. καὶ ἐμού μὲν ἁμαρτάνει,
Ἀριστοκρίτου δέ, ὃς παρ' ἐμὲ ἦλθε μετ' αὐτοῦ, βαλὼν λίθῳ συντρίβει
τὸ
μέτωπον.
I am drunk
μεθύω
women's apartments
γυναικωνῖτις -ιδος ἡ
niece
ἀδελϕιδῆ -ῆς ἡ
decently, discreetly
κοσμίως
τοσούτου δέω I am so far from (+ inf)
strange, extraordinary
ἄτοπος -ον
I fracture
συντρίβω
forehead
μέτωπον -ου τό
83 Before the Athenian Council a crippled man launches an attack upon
his accuser, who has brought an action against him to disqualify him
from his state pension.
Lysias, XXIV. 1
I am not far from (+ inf)
οὐ πολλοῦ δέω
I give an account
λόγον δίδωμι
I pity
ἐλέω
ἀπέχομαι I refrain from (+ gen)
I heal
ἰάομαι
84 The speaker recalls his successful command of the trireme which he
had equipped for the city.
pf inf of ἐργάζομαι
εἰργάσθαι
85 Andocides relates in court some of his dealings with the mutilators of
the Herms.
διὰ ταῦτα εἶπον τῇ βουλῇ ὅτι εἰδείην τοὺς ποιήσαντας, καὶ ἐξέδειξα τὰ
γενόμενα, ὅτι εἰσηγήσατο μὲν πινόντων ἡμῶν ταύτην τὴν βουλὴν
Εὐϕίλητος, ἀντεῖπον δὲ ἐγώ, καὶ τότε μὲν οὐ γένοιτο δι' ἐμέ. ὕστερον
δ'
ἐγὼ μὲν ἐν Κυνοσάργει ἐπὶ πωλίον ὅ μοι ἦν ἀναβὰς ἔπεσον καὶ τὴν
5 κλεῖν συνετρίβην καὶ τὴν κεϕαλὴν κατεάγην, ϕερόμενός τε ἐπὶ κλίνης
ἀπεκομίσθην οἴκαδε. αἰσθόμενος δ' Εὐϕίλητος ὡς ἔχοιμι, λέγει πρὸς
αὐτοὺς ὅτι πέπεισμαι ταῦτα συμποιεῖν καὶ ὡμολόγηκα αὐτῷ μεθέξειν
τοῦ ἔργου καὶ περικόψειν τὸν Ἑρμῆν τὸν παρὰ τὸ Φορβαντεῖον. ταῦτα
δ'
ἔλεγεν ἐξαπατῶν ἐκείνους· καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ὁ Ἑρμῆς ὃν ὁρᾶτε πάντες, ὁ
10 παρὰ τὴν πατρῷαν οἰκίαν τὴν ἡμετέραν, ὃν ἡ Αἰγηὶς ἀνέθηκεν, οὐ
περιεκόπη μόνος τῶν Ἑρμῶν τῶν Ἀθήνησιν, ὡς ἐμοῦ τοῦτο
ποιήσοντος,
ὡς ἔϕη πρὸς αὐτοὺς Εὐϕίλητος. οἱ δ' αἰσθόμενοι δεινὰ ἐποίουν, ὅτι
εἰδείην μὲν τὸ πρᾶγμα, πεποιηκὼς δὲ οὐκ εἴην.
pony
πωλίον -ου τό
(here) collar-bone
κλείς -ειδός ἡ (acc here κλεῖν)
I break
συντρίβω
I break, fracture
κατάγνυμι
ἑσπέρα μὲν γὰρ ἦν, ἧκε δ' ἀγγέλλων τις ὡς τοὺς πρυτάνεις ὡς Ἐλάτεια
κατείληπται. καὶ μετά ταῦτα οἱ μὲν εὐθὺς ἐξαναστάντες μεταξὺ
δειπνοῦντες τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐξεῖργον, οἱ δὲ
τοὺς στρατηγοὺς μετεπέμποντο καὶ τὸν σαλπιγκτὴν ἐκάλουν· καὶ
θορύβου
5 πλήρης ἦν ἡ πόλις. τῇ δ' ὑστεραίᾳ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ οἱ μὲν πρυτάνεις τὴν
βουλὴν ἐκάλουν εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον, ὑμεῖς δ' εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν
ἐπορεύεσθε, καὶ πρὶν ἐκείνην χρηματίσαι καὶ προβουλεῦσαι πᾶς ὁ
δῆμος
ἄνω καθῆτο. καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ὡς ἦλθεν ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν οἱ
πρυτάνεις τὰ προσηγγελμέν' ἑαυτοῖς καὶ τὸν ἥκοντα παρήγαγον
κἀκεῖνος
10 εἶπεν, ἠρώτα ὁ κῆρυξ "τίς ἀγορεύειν βούλεται;" παρῄει δ' οὐδείς.
πολλάκις δὲ τοῦ κήρυκος ἐρωτῶντος οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἀνίστατ' οὐδεὶς,
ἁπάντων μὲν τῶν στρατηγῶν παρόντων, ἁπάντων δὲ τῶν ῥητόρων,
καλούσης δὲ τῆς κοινῆς τῆς πατρίδος ϕωνῆς τὸν ἐροῦνθ' ὑπὲρ
σωτηρίας.
booth, stall
σκηνή -ῆς ἡ
I clear out
ἐξείργω
trumpeter
σαλπιγκτής -οῦ ὁ
customary, usual
συνήθης -ης
opposite (+ gen)
καταντικρύ
I greet
ἀσπάζομαι
88 At his trial Socrates recalls two occasions when in a public capacity he
proved himself a champion of law and justice.
ἐγὼ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἄλλην μὲν ἀρχὴν οὐδεμίαν πώποτε ἦρξα
ἐν
τῇ πόλει, ἐβούλευσα δέ· καὶ ἔτυχεν ἡμῶν ἡ φυλὴπρυτανεύουσα ὅτε
ὑμεῖς τοὺς δέκα στρατηγοὺς ἐβουλεύσασθε ἁθρόους κρίνειν,
παρανόμως,
ὡς ἐν τῷ ὑστέρῳ χρόνῳ πᾶσιν ὑμῖν ἔδοξεν. τότ' ἐγὼ μόνος τῶν
5 πρυτάνεων ἠναντιώθην ὑμῖν καὶ ἐναντία ἐψηφισάμην· καὶ ἑτοίμων
ὄντων
ἐνδεικνύναι με τῶν ῥητόρων, καὶ ύμῶν κελευόντων, μετὰ τοῦ νόμου
καὶ
τοῦ δικαίου ᾤμην μᾶλλόν με δεῖν διακινδυνεύειν ἢ μεθ' ὑμῶν γενέσθαι
μὴ δίκαια βουλευομένων. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἦν ἔτι δημοκρατουμένης τῆς
πόλεως· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὀλιγαρχία ἐγένετο, οἱ τριάκοντα αὖ
μεταπεμψάμενοί με
10 πέμπτον αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν θόλον προσέταξαν ἀγαγεῖν Λέοντα τὸν
Σαλαμίνιον
ἵνα ἀποθάνοι. τότε μέντοι ἐγὼ οὐ λόγῳ ἀλλ' ἔργῳ αὖ ἐνεδειξάμην ὅτι
ἐμοὶ θανάτου μὲν μέλει οὐδ' ὁτιούῦ, τοῦ δὲ μηδὲν ἄδικον μηδ' ἀνόσιον
ἐργάζεσθαι, τούτου δὲ τὸ πᾶν μέλει. ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς θόλου ἐξήλθομεν,
οἱ
μὲν τέτταρες ᾤχοντο εἰς Σαλαμῖνα καὶ ἤγαγον Λέοντα, ἐγὼ δὲ ᾠχόμην
15 ἀπιὼν οἴκαδε.
tribe
φυλή -ῆς ἡ
(here) I denounce
ἐνδείκνυμι
the Thirty (a group of oligarchs briefly in power after the Peloponnesian War)
οἱ
τρίακοντα
Leon
Λέων-οντος
ὁ
Salaminian, of Salamis
Σαλαμίνιος
-α -ον
not at all
οὐδ' ὁτιοῦν
89 Some travellers first replenish their water supplies and shoot some
strange bulls. Then they arrive at an island made from cheese.
I squeeze out
ἀποθλίβω
Galatea
Γαλατεία -ας ἡ
Tyro
Τυρώ-οῦς ἡ
Salmoneus (king of Elis)
Σαλμωνεύς -έως ὁ
90 Some travellers put in at Ogygia, Calypso’s island. They deliver a
letter from Odysseus, now dead, and are then splendidly entertained.
raft
σχεδία -ας ἡ
suitor
μνηστήρ - ῆρος ὁ
I live sumptuously
τρυφάω
(here) I kill
ἀναιρέω
way of life
δίαιτα -ης ἡ
I run away
ἀποδιδράσκω
cave
σπήλαιον -ου τό
I spin wool
ταλασιουργέω
I entertain
ἑστιάω
A2 Verse Passages
I remove to safety
ὑπεκτίθεμαι
how on earth?
πόθεν ποτέ;
two, a pair of
δισσοί -αί -ά
γύψ γυπός ὁ vulture
difficulty in recognising
δυσγνωσία -ας ἡ
hateful
στυγνός - ή -όν
I fear
ταρβέω
I turn, revolve
κυκλόω
house
μέλαθρον-ου τό
the Dirce (a river of Thebes)
Δίρκη -ης ἡ
stream
νᾶμα -ατος τό
(here) courage
τὸ ἐσθλόν
sacrificial victim
σφάγιον -ου τό
fruitful
πολύσπορος-ον
I lay hold of
δράσσομαι
chick
νεοσσός -οῦ ὁ
συγγένεια -ας ἡ (here) kinsmen (lit kinship)
jaw
γνάθος-ου ἡ
without (+ gen)
δίχα
I strike
θείνω
I am foolish
μωραίνω
I crown, wreathe
στέφω
I turn round
ἐπιστρέφω
προσίσχω = προσέχω
unpaired in (+ gen)
ἄζυξ gen -υγος
I sit
θάσσω
wife
εὖνις -ιδος ἡ
business
χρέος-ους τό
λεπτός -ή -όν (here) gentle
I restrain
ἴσχω
I measure out
ἐκμετρέω
winged, on wings
πτηνός -ή όν
(here) height
βάθος-ους τό
unpunished, scot-free
ἀθῷος -ον
I do
ἔρδω (fut ἔρξω)
(+ gen) I touch
θιγγάνω
attendant
πρόπολος -ου ὁ
infant
νήπιος -α -ον
I stare at
ἀποβλέπω
statue, image
βρέτας -εος τό
(here) hold
κόλποι -ων οί
escape
δρασμός -ου ό
I loosen, undo
χαλάω
heavy load
φόρτος -ου ό
I find
κιγχάνω
I wander
πλανάομαι
I lament
θρηνέω
fold
πτυχή -ῆς ή
adornment, finery
κόσμος -ου ὁ
I garland
ἐκστέφω
eye-wetting
ὀφθαλμότεγκτος -ον
I soak
δεύω
flood
πλημμυρίς -ίδος ἡ
stooping
προνωπής -ές
arm
ἀγκάλη -ης ἡ
murderous
μιαιφόνος -ον
foresight
Προμηθία -ας ἡ
I assemble
ἀθροίζω
land
αἶα -ας ἡ
(here) I ravage
τρίβω
λεηλατέω I plunder
field, land (the ‘deadly field’ is a reference to the armed warriors who sprang
γύης -ου ὁ up when Jason had sown dragon’s teeth in the ground)
(here) fleece
δέρας τό
coil
σπεῖρα -ας ἡ
thick-wreathed, tangled
πολύπλοκος
-ον
I establish
ὁρίζω
commandments
νόμιμα -ων τά
pride
φρόνημα -ατος τό
sinking down
παρεῖσ' ἐμαυτὴν
I kill
καίνω
I am angry
βαρύνομαι
insulting
λωβητός -ή -όν
in public
ἐς μέσον
I prophesy
θεσπίζω
I sack
πέρθω
= γύναι (νοc)
γυναικὸς κάρα
Alcmena(mother of Heracles)
Ἀλκμήνη -ης ἡ
first-fruits
ἀπαρχαί -ῶν αἱ
much-envied, much-admired
πολύζηλος -ον
= τίνος (interrog)
τοῦ
βουθερής -ές for oxen in the summer
I dart away
ἀπᾁσσω
ease
εὐμαρεία -ας ἡ
(here) I interrogate
Κρίνω
healing
παιώνιος -α -ον
highest
ὑπέρτατος -η -ον
hateful
στυγνός -ή -όν
life
αἰών-ῶνος ό
Write out and scan lines 4 and 5 of the above passage.
117 Ajax, disappointed at his defeat in the contest for Achilles’ armour,
ponders on what course of action he should take next.
περάω I cross
λοίσθιον at last
εὐθύνω I guide
ὁθούνεκα = ὅτι
χαρμονή - ῆς ἡ joy
πορσύνω I provide
μόρος-ου ὁ doom
ἀρά- ᾶς ἡ curse
ὄϕις-εως ὁ snake
καίνω = κτείνω
αἶα -ας ἡ = γῆ
πημονή - ῆς ἡ = πῆμα
Note that, as here, the last syllable in the line may be short.
However, if all lines followed exactly this pattern, speeches would be very
monotonous to listen to. Accordingly, to produce variety, the spondee
was allowed in the first, the third, and the fifth foot. Consider the following
line:
This line has three spondees, but lines with one or two are equally possible.
Scansion
1 First count the number of the syllables in the line. If there are twelve,
each foot must be a iambus or a spondee; if there are thirteen or
fourteen there will be one or two resolved feet.
(ii) ε and ο are short, but form a long syllable when followed by ζ, ξ,
ψ, or by two consonants, either in the same word or two different
words. There is one important exception to this rule:
3 The remaining syllables will now fall into place quite obviously.
Remember that the first syllable of the second, the fourth and the sixth
foot must always be short. And if you are unsure about the last
syllable, mark it with an x.
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