Refrigeration Experiment

Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME 429 - ME Laboratory 3
Refrigeration Experiment
Submitted by
GROUP 5
Gualter, John Lexter P.
Alcayde, Angelica Pauline
De Castro, Noel
Enriquez, Rhea Lee
Seen, Daniela
BSME - 4201
Submitted to
ENGR. Shiela Marie Dimayuga
Instructor
APRIL 2023
INTRODUCTION
The refrigeration system is generally defined as the process of cooling or lowering
the temperature for its designated temperature requirement. This entails the removal of
heat as well as technology that moves heat from lower to a higher temperature. The
refrigeration system has pre-requisites of physics, thermodynamics and others which
relies on the fundamental principles regarding the application of temperature
determination. Some of its use is preservation of some perishable food goods by storing
them at low temperatures and it is the most well-known application of refrigeration.
Otherwise, the Studentlesson (2022) discusses some of refrigeration in their various
applications. First thing is the refrigeration used in the chemical industry where cooling
systems are often used to separate and liquify gasses and vapors as well as an ideal for
production of ice. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are most likely to preserve tablets
and medicines which are employed in medical areas to preserve blood, medicine fields,
tissues and other things.
There are different types of refrigeration being processed in the refrigeration such
as mechanical compression refrigeration, evaporative cooling, absorption refrigeration,
thermoelectric refrigeration, vapor compression refrigeration and vapor absorption
refrigeration. But in most commercial industries, the vapor compression cycle is mostly
known. This VCC has 4 components which are compressor, condenser, expansion
valve and evaporator. This compression process aims to raise the refrigerant flows
through a condenser/ heat exchanger before attaining the initial low pressure and going
back to the evaporator.

Figure 1. Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
The process starts with compression wherein the refrigerant enters the compressor
at low temperature and low pressure. This takes place to raise temperature and
refrigerant pressure. This leaves the compressor and enters the condenser and since it
requires work, an electric motor with desired power is used. Then the next process is
the condensation wherein heat is transferred from refrigerant to a flow of water, which
goes to cooling water for cooling in the case of water-cooled condensation. After that,
refrigerant enters the throttling valve valve, it expands and releases pressure
consequently, temperature drops at this stage. The expansion valve is used to maintain
pressure differential between low and high pressure sides and control the amount of
liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator. And lastly, evaporation is the process which
refrigerant is at lower temperature than its surroundings and evaporates and absorbs
latent heat of vaporization.

Refrigerant 12 is used in the design wherein it says that it is domestically used
in refrigerators and freezers, liquid chillers, dehumidifiers, ice makers, water coolers,
water fountains and transport refrigerators. The wide range of applications of refrigerant
are due to safe properties such as nontoxic, nonflammable and non-explosive and they
are suitable in wide range operation conditions at -29.8 degree-Celsius boiling point due
to condenses at moderate pressure at atmospheric temperature. Though it has a low
refrigeration effect, it is miscible with oil under operating conditions.
Figure 2. Refrigerant 12
OBJECTIVES
The following are the specific objectives in order to attain the results of the
experiment:
● To evaluate the performance of the components of the refrigeration system.
● To differentiate the temperature difference between the liquids as for its initial
temperature up to cooling it into different time frames.
● To determine the cooling load from products with freezing and without freezing.
● To justify the coefficient of performance and volume flow rate of the experiment
process.
MATERIALS
The following materials are used in order to modify the performance of
refrigeration among the products being cooled in different time frames.
● RS PRO Laboratory Weighing Scale.
● Thermometer
● Paper Cups
● 50 grams of Water
● 50 grams of Oil
● 50 grams of Vinegar
● Stopwatch
● Refrigeration Trainer
PROCEDURES
Step 1: Preparation of Materials
The materials are prepared completely in order to perform the experiment with
specified parameters and evaluation.
Figure 3. Materials Used
Step 2: Measuring Amount of Liquids
Since it is impossible to measure the liquids by itself, we first measure the weight
of the paper cup and the results to 6 grams. Since the proponents only need 50 grams
of each liquid (water, oil and vinegar), we totally weigh 56 grams as for the total mass
but only 50 grams is considered in the calculation given mass.
Figure 4. Measuring Liquids

Step 3: Measuring Initial Temperature
We measure the initial temperature of each liquid wherein the group are able to
determine and differentiate the initial temperature and the temperatures for each trial.
Figure 5. Measuring Initial Temperature
Step 4: Considering the Initial Parameters
After knowing the initial temperature of each liquid, we started to operate the
refrigeration trainer wherein we used the starting parameters such as, temperature of
the environment, the temperature of the freezer compartment, the AC ammeter and
voltmeter, the compressor temperature, evaporator temperature, condenser
temperature and environment temperature.
Figure 6. Initial AC Ammeter and Voltmeter

Figure 7. Initial Components Temperature
Step 5: Measuring First Temperature
After measuring the initial parameters in all conditions, the experiment started
when the cup of liquids were inserted in the freezer compartment of the refrigeration
trainer with 2 minutes cooling.
Figure 7. Measuring First Temperature
Step 6: Measuring Cooled Liquid
After 2 minutes of cooling, all of the liquids are measured and tested if the
temperature drops from its initial temperature. With a 1 minute interval, the goal is to
measure the temperature of the 1st Trial.

Figure 8. Measuring Cooled Liquid
Step 7: Repeat Step 6
Repeat step 6 for 3 times with time of cooling another 2 minutes and 1 minute
interval for measuring the temperature of the liquids.
Step 8: Calculation
After gathering all the required parameters to calculate the cooling load of the
refrigeration system, the following formulas are used to evaluate the performance of
each liquid and each trial.
Statepoint Calculation (Entropies of each Component)
Considering the Schematic Diagram and TS Diagram of the vapor compression
refrigeration cycle
Figure 9. Schematic Diagram of Vapor Compression Cycle
Figure 10. TS-Diagram of Vapor Compression Cycle
Statepoint 1
Process 4-1 : two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of refrigerant is evaporated through
heat transfer from the refrigerated space.
@Temperature 1
- Since temperature 1 is in the vapor region, therefore h1 is equal to
hg@evaporator temperature
- As well as the vapor region of entropy and specific volume.

- Values are found in table 1: Saturated Temperature of the Refrigerant 12.
Statepoint 2
Process 1-2 : vapor refrigerant is compressed to a relatively high temperature and
pressure requiring work input.
@Temperature 2 and Pressure 2
- Since entropy 1 is equal to entropy 2, and the saturated temperature is
less than the condenser temperature, therefore, it is a superheated vapor.
Values are gathered from table 3: Vapor from Saturation Table of
Refrigerant 12.
Statepoint 3
Process 2-3 : vapor refrigerant condenses to liquid through heat transfer to the
cooler surroundings.
@ Temperature 3
- Since temperature 3 is in the liquid region, therefore h1 is equal to
hf@condenser temperature
- As well as the vapor region of entropy and specific volume.
- Values are found in table 1: Saturated Temperature of the Refrigerant 12.
Statepoint 4
@Temperature 4
Process 3-4 : liquid refrigerant expands to the evaporator pressure

- From Ph-Diagram, entropy at statepoint 3 is equal to the entropy of the
entropy at statepoint 4.
Performance Calculations
A. Compressor Work, Wc
Wc = m(h2 - h1)
B. Heat Rejected in Condenser, QR
QR = m(h2 - h3)
C. Expansion Valve (Throttling Process)
h3 = h4
D. Refrigeration Effect, QA
QA = m(h1 - h4) ; in kW
m(h 1−h 4 )
QA = 3.156 ; in TOR
E. Coefficient of Performance, COP

QA h 1−h 4
COP =
Wc
= h 2−h1
F. Energy Efficiency Ratio, EER
Refrigeration Effect
EER =
Power Input
where;
Power Input = Voltage x Current
G. Power per Ton
Power Compressor Power

=
Ton Tons of Refrigeration
H. Volume Flow at Suction, V1
V1 = mv1
I. Volume Flow Rate per Ton
V1 mv 1
=
Tons of Refrigeration Tons of Refrigeration
J. Cooling Load without Freezing
Cooling Load = mCpΔT
K. Cooling Load with Freezing
Cooling Load = m[Cp1 (t1 - tf) + Lf + Cp2 (tf - t2)]
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The following results are the temperature change of each liquid experimented in
the refrigeration cycle.
Table 1
Results and Considered Parameters for Oil
Parameters Values Units
Specific Heat above freezing, Cp 1.67 kJ/kg-K
Specific Heat below freezing, Cp 0.51 kJ/kg-K
Mass 0.05 kgkg
Initial Temperature 28 ℃℃
Temperature at Trial 1 26 ℃℃
Temperature at Trial 2 25.9 ℃℃
Latent Heat 2.5 kJ/kgkJ/kg

Table 2
Results and Considered Parameters for Water
Mass 0.05 kg
Initial Temperature 27 ℃
Temperature at Trial 1 26.9 ℃
Latent Heat 335 kJ/kg
Table 3
Results and Considered Parameters for Vinegar
Mass 0.5 kg
Initial Temperature 25.8 ℃
Temperature at Trial 4 22 ℃
Latent Heat 5 kJ/kg

Below are the specific temperature conditions of the freezing compartment,
temperature from compressor, evaporator, condenser, environmental temperature and
the AC voltmeters and ammeters.
Table 4
Conditions of Refrigeration Trainer
1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial 4th Trial
Room 21.5 ℃ 18.5 ℃ 10.7 ℃ 7.1 ℃

Temperature
AC Ammeter 0.64 A 0.6 A 0.6 A 0.58 A
AC Voltmeter 215 V 216 V 215 V 216 V
Compressor 31.1 ℃ 32.2 ℃ 32.7 ℃ 33.1 ℃
Evaporator 17.6 ℃ 15 ℃ -8.4 ℃ -17.1 ℃
Condenser 30.4 ℃ 32 ℃ 31.9 ℃ 32.2 ℃
Environmental 26.8 ℃ 26.9 ℃ 26.9 ℃ 27.1 ℃

Temperature
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Stated in the tables below are the summary of Cooling Load per liquid as well as
the total Cooling Load along the operation experiment.
Table 5
Cooling Load for Oil
Cooling Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Total
Load
Without 0.167 kW 0.00835 kW 0.05845 kW 0.07515 kW 0.30895 kW

Freezing
With 0.6665 kW 0.93415 kW 1.72335 kW 2.02275 kW 5.34675 kW

Freezing
Table 6
Cooling Load for Water
Load
Without 0.020935 0.690855 0.20935 kW 0.16748 kW 1.08862 kW

Freezing kW kW
With 18.456065 18.6967450 20.59125 21.44952 79.79358

Freezing kW kW kW kW kW
Table 7
Cooling Load for Vinegar
Load
Without 0.164 kW 0.0615 kW 0.041 kW 0.123 kW 0.3895 kW

Freezing
With 0.5532156 0.8078335 1.6106495 1.8763455 4.848045

Freezing kW kW kW kW kW
Table 7
Total Cooling Load with and Without Freezing
With Freezing Without Freezing
For Oil 5.34675 kW 0.30895 kW
For Water 79.19358 kW 1.08862 kW
For Vinegar 4.848045 kW 0.3895 kW
TOTAL COOLING 89.38838 kW 1.78707 kW

LOAD
After gathering the cooling loads during the operation per liquid in the experiment, we
can now assess the performance calculation of the experiment.

Table 9
Performance Calculation of the Refrigeration Trainer per Trial
Cooling Load Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4
Compressor 0.316551395 0.4176 kW 1.07797149 1.372166335

Work kW kW kW
Heat Rejected in 6.8636 kW 6.8276 kW 6.9785 kW 7.0597 kW

Condenser
Expansion Valve 229.4 kJ/kg 231.1 kJ/kg 230.99 kJ/kg 231.3 kJ/kg
Refrigeration 6.5470 kW 6.41 kW 5.9005 kW 5.6875 kW

Effect (in kW)
Refrigeration 1.8621 TOR 1.8231 TOR 1.6782 TOR 1.6176 TOR

Effect (in TOR
Coefficient of 20.6823 15.3496 5.4737 4.1449

Performance
Power Input 137.6 W 129.6 W 129 W 125.28 W
Energy 47.580 % 49.46 % 45.740 % 45.398 %

Efficiency Ratio
Power per Ton 0.17 kW/TOR 0.2291 kW/TOR 0.6423 0.8483

kW/TOR kW/TOR
Volume Flow at 0.0017 m3/s 0.0018 m3/s 0.0037 m3/s 0.0049 m3/s
Suction
Volume Flow 0.0009 0.001 m3/s/TOR 0.0022 0.0031

Rate per Ton m3/s/TOR m3/s/TOR m3/s/TOR
CONCLUSIONS
During the technical calculation of the results and the manual calculation, we had
observed that calculation for cooling load with freezing increases as the temperature
decreases. Thus there is no particular or just a random result formed from the cooling
load without freezing as the temperature decreases. In other case, the calculation of
refrigeration performance has its own configuration wherein compressor work, heat
rejected in the condenser, power per ton, volume flow at suction and volume rate per
ton increases as the temperature decreases, while refrigeration effect both in kW and
TOR, Coefficient of Performance decreases as the temperature decreases also.
RECOMMENDATIONS
After the experiment, the group encountered some inaccuracy during the results from the
experiment which is being included in the calculation. Specifically, the intervals per trial is not
constant due to its environmental temperature effect which cools off the temperature of each
liquid everytime it is measured. There are significant differences per trial but there are
mismeasured temperatures in water which as it cools, the temperature reading is increasing
instead of lowering. But we think that the problem is in the thermometer that it doest read well
as it is being disclosed to the cooled liquid.

APPENDICES
Appendix A
Detailed Calculations
In order to elaborate the summarized calculation, the following detailed
calculation helps understand how the results come up and how it is evaluated.
Cooling Load
For Oil without Freezing @Trial 1 (2 minutes)
Cooling Load = (0.5 kg)(1.67 kJ/kg-K)(28℃ - 26℃)
Cooling Load = 0.167 kW
For Oil with Freezing @Trial 1 (2 minutes)
Cooling Load = 0.5 kg [1.67 kJ/kg-K(26℃ - 21.5℃) + 2.5 kJ/kg + 0.51 kJ/kg-K(28 ℃ -
21.5)]
Cooling Load = (0.5 kg)(1.67 kJ/kg-K)(26℃ - 25.9℃)
Cooling Load = 0.5 kg [1.67 kJ/kg-K(25.9℃ - 18.5℃) + 2.5 kJ/kg + 0.51 kJ/kg-K(26 ℃ -
18.5℃)]
Cooling Load = (0.5 kg)(1.67 kJ/kg-K)(25.9℃ - 25.2℃)
Cooling Load = 0.5 kg [1.67 kJ/kg-K(25.2℃ - 10.7℃) + 2.5 kJ/kg + 0.51 kJ/kg-K(25.9 ℃
- 10.7℃)]
Cooling Load =0.07515 kW
Cooling Load = 0.5 kg [1.67 kJ/kg-K(24.3℃ - 7.1℃) + 2.5 kJ/kg + 0.51 kJ/kg-K(25. ℃ -
7.1℃)]
Total Cooling Load
For Oil without Freezing
Total Cooling Load = 0.167 kW + 0.00835 kW + 0.05845 kW + 0.07515
kW
Total Cooling Load = 0.30895 kW
For Oil with Freezing
Total Cooling Load= 0.6665 kW + 0.93415 kW + 1.72335 kW +2.02275
kW
For Water without Freezing @Trial 1 (2 minutes)
Cooling Load = (0.5 kg)(4.187 kJ/kg-K)(27℃ - 26.9℃)
For Water with Freezing @Trial 1 (2 minutes)
Cooling Load = 0.5 kg [4.187 kJ/kg-K(26.9℃ - 21.5℃) + 355 kJ/kg + 2.093 kJ/kg-
K(27℃ - 21.5)]

K(26.9℃ - 18.5℃)]
Cooling Load = 0.5 kg [4.187 kJ/kg-K(22.6℃ - 10.7℃) + 355 kJ/kg + 2.093kJ/kg-
K(23.6℃ - 10.7℃)]

K(22.6℃ - 7.1℃)]
Total Cooling Load
For Water without Freezing
Total Cooling Load = 0.020935 kW + 0.690855 kW +0.20935 kW +
0.16748 kW
For Water with Freezing
Total Cooling Load= 18.456065 kW + 18.6967450 kW + 20.59125 kW +
21.44952 kW

For Vinegar without Freezing @Trial 1 (2 minutes)
For Vinegar with Freezing @Trial 1 (2 minutes)
K(25.8℃ - 21.5)]
K(24.2℃ - 18.5℃)]

K(23.6℃ - 10.7℃)]
Cooling Load = (0.5 kg)(2.05 kJ/kg-K)(23.2℃ - 22℃)
Cooling Load = 0.5 kg [2.05 kJ/kg-K(22℃ - 7.1℃) + 5 kJ/kg + 0.1231 kJ/kg-K(23.2. ℃ -
7.1℃)]

Total Cooling Load
For Oil without Freezing
Total Cooling Load = 0.164 kW + 0.0615 kW + 0.041 kW + 0.123 kW
Total Cooling Load = 0.3895kW
For Oil with Freezing
Total Cooling Load= 0.5532156 kW + 0.8078335 kW + 1.6106495 kW +
1.8763455kW
PERFORMANCE CALCULATION
For Trial 1 (2 minutes)
Statepoint 1
GIVEN
T1 = 17.6℃
From Table 1: Saturation Temperature of Freon R12
h1a = hga@17℃ 360.1 kJ/kg
h1b = hgb@18℃ 360.5 kJ/kg
h1 = hg@17.6℃ 360.34 kJ/kg
s1a = sga@17℃ 1.553 kJ/kg-K
s1b = sgb@18℃ 1.553 kJ/kg-K

s1 1.553 kJ/kg-K
v1a = vga@17℃ 0.0338 kJ/kg-K
v1b = vgb@18℃ 0.0329 kJ/kg-K
v1 0.03326 m3/kg
Statepoint 2
GIVEN
s1 = s2 = 1.553 kJ/kg-K
T2 = 30.4℃
P2a@30℃ 743.7 kPa
P2b@31℃ 763.4 kPa
P2 751.58 kPa
P2a 750 kPa
ha@1.549 365.4 kJ/kg
ha@1.56 368.8 kJ/kg
ha 366.6363636 kJ/kg
P2b 800 kPa
s2b 1.548 kJ/kg-K
1.553 kJ/kg-K
1.554 kJ/kg-K
366.4 kJ/kg
h2b 367.733333 kJ/kg
368 kJ/kg
h2 366.6710279 kJ/kg
Statepoint 3
GIVEN
T3 = 30.4℃
h3a = hfa@30℃ 229.0000 kJ/kg
h3b = hfb@31℃ 230.0000 kJ/kg
h3 229.4000 kJ/kg
Statepoint 4
GIVEN
h3 = 229.4 kJ/kg
h3 = h4 = 229.4 kJ/kg
Wc = m(h2 - h1)
Wc = 0.5 kg ( 366.6710279 kJ/kg - 360.34 kJ/kg)
Wc = 0.316551395 kW
QR = m(h2 - h3)
QR =0.5 kg (366.6710279 kJ/kg - 229.4 kJ/kg)
QR = 6.8636 kW
h3 = h4
h3 = h4 = 229.4 kJ/kg
QA = m(h1 - h4)
QA = 0.5 kg (360.34 kJ/kg - 229.4 kJ/kg)
QA =6.5470 kW
m(h 1−h 4 ) QA
QA = 3.156 = 3.156
6.547 kW
QA =
3.156
QA = 1.8621 TOR

QA h 1−h 4
COP =
Wc
= h 2−h1
6.5470 kW
COP =
0.316551395 kW
COP = 20.6823
Power Input = 0.64 A x 215 V

Power Input = 137.6 W
EER =
Power Input
6.5470 kW
EER =
137.6 W
x 1000
EER = 47.57994186 %
G. Power per Ton

=
Power 0.316551395 kW
=
Ton 1.8621TOR
Power
= 0.17 Kw/TOR
Ton
V1 = mv1
V1 = 0.5 kg ( 0.03226 m3/kg)
V1 = 0.0017 m3/s
V1 mv 1
=
V1 0.0017 m3 /s
=
Tons of Refrigeration 1.8621TOR
V1
= 0.0009 m3/s/TOR
Tons of Refrigeration
Statepoint 1
GIVEN
T1 = 15℃
h1 = hg@15℃ 359.3 kJ/kg
s1= sg@15℃ 1.553 kJ/kg-K
v1 = vg@15℃ 0.03326 m3/kg
Statepoint 2
GIVEN
s1 = s2 = 1.553 kJ/kg-K
T2 = 32℃
P2 783.5 kPa
P2a 750 kPa
ha@1.549 365.4 kJ/kg
ha@1.56 368.8 kJ/kg
ha 366.945454545 kJ/kg
P2b 800 kPa
h2b 368 kJ/kg
h2 367.652 kJ/kg
Statepoint 3
GIVEN
T3 = 32℃
h3@hf@32℃ 231.1 kJ/kg
Statepoint 4
GIVEN
h3 = 231.1 kJ/kg
h3 = h4 = 231.1 kJ/kg
Performance Calculations
Wc = m(h2 - h1)
Wc = 0.5 kg ( 367.652 kJ/kg - 359.3 kJ/kg)
Wc = 0.416 kW
QR = m(h2 - h3)
QR =0.5 kg (367.652 kJ/kg - 231.1 kJ/kg)
QR = 6.8276 kW
h3 = h4
h3 = h4 = 231.1 kJ/kg
QA = m(h1 - h4)
QA = 0.5 kg (359.3 kJ/kg - 231.1 kJ/kg)
QA =6.41 kW
m(h 1−h 4 ) QA
QA = 3.156 = 3.156
6.41 kW
QA =
3.16
QA = 1.8231 TOR

QA h 1−h 4
COP =
Wc
= h 2−h1
6.41 kW
COP =
0.0 .4176 kW
COP = 15.3496
EER =
Power Input
6.41 kW
EER =
129.6 W
x 1000
EER = 49.46%
G. Power per Ton

=
Power 0.4176 kW
=
Ton 1.8231TOR
Power
= 0.2291 kW/TOR
Ton
V1 = mv1
V1 = 0.5 kg ( 0.0358m3/kg)
V1 = 0.0018 m3/s
V1 mv 1
=
V1 0.0018 m3 /s
=
Tons of Refrigeration 1.8231 TOR
V1
= 0.001 m3/s/TOR
Statepoint 1
GIVEN
T1 = -8.4℃
h1a = hga@-9℃ 348.7 kJ/kg

h1b = hgb@-8℃ 349.2 kJ/kg
h1 = hg@-8.4℃ 349 kJ/kg
s1a = sga@-9℃ 1.564 kJ/kg-K
s1b = sgb@-8℃ 1.563 kJ/kg-K
s1 1.5634 kJ/kg-K
v1a = vga@-9℃ 0.0748 kJ/kg-K
v1b = vgb@-8℃ 0.0724 kJ/kg-K
v1 0.07336 m3/kg
Statepoint 2
GIVEN
s1 = s2 = 1.5634 kJ/kg-K
T2 = 31.9℃
P2a@31℃ 763.4 kPa
P2b@32℃ 783.5 kPa
P2 781.49 kPa
P2a 750 kPa
ha@1.56 368.8 kJ/kg
ha@1.571 372.3 kJ/kg
ha 369.8818182 kJ/kg
P2b 800 kPa
s2b 1.554 kJ/kg-K

1.5634 kJ/kg-K
1.565 kJ/kg-K
368 kJ/kg
h2b 371.0763636 kJ/kg
371.6 kJ/kg
h2 370.5594298 kJ/kg
Statepoint 3
GIVEN
T3 = 31.9℃
h3a = hfa@31℃ 230 kJ/kg
h3b = hfb@32℃ 231.1 kJ/kg
h3 230.99 kJ/kg
Statepoint 4
GIVEN
h3 = 230.99 kJ/kg
h3 = h4 = 230.99 kJ/kg
J. Compressor Work, Wc
Wc = m(h2 - h1)
Wc = 0.5 kg (370.5594298 kJ/kg - 349 kJ/kg)
Wc = 1.07797149 kW
K. Heat Rejected in Condenser, QR
QR = m(h2 - h3)
QR =0.5 kg (370.5594298 kJ/kg - 230.99 kJ/kg)
QR = 6.9785 kW
L. Expansion Valve (Throttling Process)
h3 = h4
h3 = h4 = 230.99 kJ/kg
M. Refrigeration Effect, QA
QA = m(h1 - h4)
QA = 0.5 kg (349 kJ/kg - 230.99kJ/kg)
QA = 5.9005kW
m(h 1−h 4 ) QA
QA = 3.156 = 3.156
5.9005 kW
QA =
3.156
QA = 1.6782 TOR
N. Coefficient of Performance, COP

QA h 1−h 4
COP =
Wc
= h 2−h1
5.9005 kW
COP =
1.07797149 kW
COP = 5.4737
O. Energy Efficiency Ratio, EER
Power Input = 129 W
EER =
Power Input
5.9005 kW
EER =
129 W
x 1000
EER = 45.740%
P. Power per Ton

=
Power 1.07797149 kW
=
Ton 1.6782TOR
Power
= 0.6423 kW/TOR
Ton
Q. Volume Flow at Suction, V1
V1 = mv1
V1 = 0.5 kg ( 0.07336 m3/kg)
V1 = 0.0037 m3/s
R. Volume Flow Rate per Ton
V1 mv 1
=
V1 0.0037 m3 /s
=
Tons of Refrigeration 1.6782TOR
V1
= 0.0022 m3/s/TOR
Statepoint 1
GIVEN
T1 = -17.1℃
h1a = hga@-18℃ 344.6 kJ/kg
h1b = hgb@-17℃ 345.1 kJ/kg
h1 = hg@-17.1℃ 345.05 kJ/kg
s1a = sga@-18℃ 1.569 kJ/kg-K
s1b = sgb@-17℃ 1.569 kJ/kg-K

s1 1.569 kJ/kg-K
v1a = vga@-18℃ 0.021 kJ/kg-K
v1b = vgb@-17℃ 0.0986 kJ/kg-K
v1 0.099 m3/kg
Statepoint 2
GIVEN
s1 = s2 = 1.569 kJ/kg-K
T2 = 32.2℃
P2a@32℃ 783.5 kPa
P2b@33℃ 804 kPa
P2 787.6 kPa
P2a 750 kPa
ha@1.56 368.8 kJ/kg
ha@1.571 372.3 kJ/kg
ha 371.6636 kJ/kg
P2b 800 kPa
s2b 1.565 kJ/kg-K
1.569 kJ/kg-K
1.577 kJ/kg-K
371.6 kJ/kg
h2b 3372.7667 kJ/kg
375.1 kJ/kg
h2 372.4933 kJ/kg
Statepoint 3
GIVEN
T3 = 32.2℃
h3a = hfa@32℃ 231.1 kJ/kg
h3b = hfb@33℃ 232.1 kJ/kg
h3 231.3 kJ/kg
Statepoint 4
GIVEN
h3 = 231.3 kJ/kg
h3 = h4 = 231.3 kJ/kg
Wc = m(h2 - h1)
Wc = 0.5 kg (372.4933 - 345.05 kJ/kg)
Wc = 1.3272166335 kW
QR = m(h2 - h3)
QR =0.5 kg (372.4933 kJ/kg - 231.3 kJ/kg)
QR = 7.0597 kW
h3 = h4
h3 = h4 = 231.3 kJ/kg
QA = m(h1 - h4)
QA = 0.5 kg (345.05 kJ/kg - 231.3 kJ/kg)
QA =5.6875 kW
m(h 1−h 4 ) QA
QA = 3.156 = 3.156
5.6875 kW
QA =
3.156
QA = 1.6176 TOR

QA h 1−h 4
COP =
Wc
= h 2−h1
5.6875 kW
COP =
1.372166335 kW
COP = 4.1449

EER =
Power Input
5.6875 kW
EER =
125.28 W
x 1000
EER = 45.398 %
G. Power per Ton

=
Power 1.372166335 kW
=
Ton 1.6176 TOR
Power
= 0.8483 Kw/TOR
Ton
S. Volume Flow at Suction, V1
V1 = mv1
V1 = 0.5 kg (0.099 m3/kg)
V1 = 0.0049 m3/s
T. Volume Flow Rate per Ton
V1 mv 1
=
V1 0.0049 m3 /s
=
Tons of Refrigeration 1.6176 TOR
V1
= 0.0031 m3/s/TOR
The calculation is guided by excel in order to easily manipulate the results from
the detailed calculation as well from the summarized result.
Given/ Result Parameters
Performance Calculation
Cooling Load Calculation

Appendix B
Tables and Charts Used
Appendix C
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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

The refrigeration system is generally defined as the process of cooling or lowering

refrigeration system has pre-requisites of physics, thermodynamics and others which

relies on the fundamental principles regarding the application of temperature

them at low temperatures and it is the most well-known application of refrigeration.

Otherwise, the Studentlesson (2022) discusses some of refrigeration in their various

tissues and other things.

as mechanical compression refrigeration, evaporative cooling, absorption refrigeration,

thermoelectric refrigeration, vapor compression refrigeration and vapor absorption

back to the evaporator.

latent heat of vaporization.

to condenses at moderate pressure at atmospheric temperature. Though it has a low

refrigeration effect, it is miscible with oil under operating conditions.

● To evaluate the performance of the components of the refrigeration system.

temperature up to cooling it into different time frames.

The following materials are used in order to modify the performance of

refrigeration among the products being cooled in different time frames.

● RS PRO Laboratory Weighing Scale.

Step 1: Preparation of Materials

specified parameters and evaluation.

Figure 3. Materials Used

Step 2: Measuring Amount of Liquids

but only 50 grams is considered in the calculation given mass.

Figure 4. Measuring Liquids

Figure 5. Measuring Initial Temperature

Step 4: Considering the Initial Parameters

voltmeter, the compressor temperature, evaporator temperature, condenser

temperature and environment temperature.

Figure 6. Initial AC Ammeter and Voltmeter

Step 5: Measuring First Temperature

trainer with 2 minutes cooling.

Figure 7. Measuring First Temperature

Step 6: Measuring Cooled Liquid

measure the temperature of the 1st Trial.

Step 7: Repeat Step 6

interval for measuring the temperature of the liquids.

each liquid and each trial.

Statepoint Calculation (Entropies of each Component)

Considering the Schematic Diagram and TS Diagram of the vapor compression

Figure 10. TS-Diagram of Vapor Compression Cycle

Process 4-1 : two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of refrigerant is evaporated through

heat transfer from the refrigerated space.

- Since temperature 1 is in the vapor region, therefore h1 is equal to

- As well as the vapor region of entropy and specific volume.

Process 1-2 : vapor refrigerant is compressed to a relatively high temperature and

pressure requiring work input.

@Temperature 2 and Pressure 2

- Since entropy 1 is equal to entropy 2, and the saturated temperature is

less than the condenser temperature, therefore, it is a superheated vapor.

Values are gathered from table 3: Vapor from Saturation Table of

- Since temperature 3 is in the liquid region, therefore h1 is equal to

- As well as the vapor region of entropy and specific volume.

- Values are found in table 1: Saturated Temperature of the Refrigerant 12.

Process 3-4 : liquid refrigerant expands to the evaporator pressure

B. Heat Rejected in Condenser, QR

C. Expansion Valve (Throttling Process)