Muscles Dentistry
Muscles Dentistry
Muscles Dentistry
University
Department of Human Anatomy
MUSCLES OF
THE TRUNK,
UPPER
AND
LOWER LIMBS
Associate professor, PhD, Hordiichuk Daria
PLAN OF THE LECTURE:
1.Muscles of the chest.
2.Muscles of the back.
3.Muscles of the
abdomen.
4.Muscles of the
shoulder girdle and
free upper limb.
5. Muscles of the pelvic
girdle and free lover
limb.
Muscles of the
CHEST
SUPERFICIAL:
1. The greater pectoral
muscle (m. pectoralis
major)
2. The lesser pectoral
muscle (m. pectoralis
minor)
3. The subclavius
muscle (m. subclavius)
4. The anterior serrate
muscle (m. serratus
anterior)
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DEEP MUSCLES OF
THE CHEST:
1. The external
intercostal muscles (m.m.
intercostales externi)
2. The internal intercostal
muscles (m.m.
intercostales interni)
3. The subcostal muscles
(m.m. subcostales)
4. The transversus
thoracis muscle (m.
transverses thoracis)
5. The levatores
costarum muscles (m. m.
levatores costarum longi
et breves)
THORACIC MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
M. pectoralis clavicula
pars clavicularis
major (medial ½ )
superior margin of ribs - costal inferior margin of ribs adduction of cranial ribs to
Mm. intercostales interni
angle to sternum immediately above caudal ribs → expiratory m.
Internal
intercostal
M. longissimus dorsi et
medial part
cervicis
Mm. intertransversarii
posteriores cervicis
Autochtonnous muscles Origin Insertion Action
M. semispinalis thoracis et
cervicis
jump over 4-5
vertebrae
are stretched from transversal to the
bilateral - dorsiflexion, unilateral
spinous processes; is located along
- homolateral lateroflexion and
M. semispinalis capitis the whole spine with insertion on the
contralateral rotation
cranial base
auxiliary expiration m, ↑
M. obliquus internus fascia thoracolumbalis, crista lower ribs et vagina musculi abdominal press; bilateral -
abdominis iliaca, ligamentum inquinale recti abdominis dorsiflexion, unilateral -
homolateral rotation
auxiliary respiratory m, ↑
fascia thoracolumbalis, crista vagina musculi recti
M. transversus abdominis abdominal press; unilateral -
iliaca, lower ribs abdominis
homolateral lateroflexion
unilateral - homolateral
The muscle is attached between last rib, iliac crest and lumbar
M. quadratus lumborum lateroflexion, bilateral -
vertebrae
dorsiflexion of backbone
ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
Muscles of abdominal wall are continue anteriorly and
medially as strong sheet-like aponeuroses
Between the midclavicular line and the midline form the
rectus sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle
In midline aponeuroses interweave with their fellows of
the opposite side forming a midline raphe = LINEA
ALBA (extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic
symphysis)
The deep surface of the transversus abdominis muscle
and its aponeurosis is transversalis fascia
SUPRAVESICAL FOSSA
Is a depression on the anterior abdominal wall between the median and medial
umbilical folds of the peritoneum.
MEDIAL INGUINAL FOSSA
Is a depression on the anterior abdominal wall between the medial and lateral
umbilical folds of the peritoneum. It lies lateral to the supravesical fossa. Is the
fossa where most direct inguinal hernias occur.
LATERAL INGUINAL FOSSA
Is a depression on the anterior abdominal wall, lateral to the lateral umbilical fold
of the peritoneum.
ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
Approximately one third of the distance from the
umbilicus to the pubic crest, the aponeuroses of the
three flat muscles pass anterior to the rectus
abdominis to form the anterior layer of the rectus
sheath
Leaving only the relatively thin transversalis fascia to
cover the rectus abdominis posteriorly
Arcuate line – demarcates the transition between the
aponeurotic posterior wall of the sheath covering the
superior three quarters of the rectus and the
transversalis fascia covering the inferior quarter
INGUINAL CANAL –
Is a passage through the lower anterior abdominal wall situated just above
the medial half of the inguinal ligament.
Extends downward and medialy from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial
inguinal ring.
The inguinal canal has 4
walls: anterior, posterior,
superior and inferior.
The muscles of the upper limb can be classified into the muscles of the
shoulder joint, the muscles of the arm, the muscles of the forearm and the
muscles of the hand.
Posterior muscles
(extensors)
1.The triceps brachii m.
2.Elbow’s m. (m.anconeus)
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THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE UPPER ARM
• RADIAL CANAL is located behind the humerus. It is
bounded by the radial groove of the humerus in the front
and by the triceps brachii in the back. The canal has a
spiral path. The radial canal begins on the medial
surface of the arm between the medial and lateral heads
of the triceps brachii and exits on the lateral surface of
the arm between the brachialis and brachio-radialis.
The canal gives passage to the radial nerve and a.
profunda brachii.
I. The Anterior Group II. The Posterior Group III. The medial group
(extensors of the leg and flexors (adductors)
(flexors of the leg and
of thigh) 1. The pectineus muscle
extensors of thigh)
1. The quadriceps femoris 2. The long adductor muscle
muscle : 1.The semitendinosus
3. The short adductor
-The rectus femoris muscle muscle muscle
- The vastus lateralis muscle 2.The semimembranosus 4. The greater adductor
- The vastus medialis muscle
muscle muscle
- The vastus intermedius muscle
5. The small adductor
2. The sartorius or tailor’s 3.The biceps femoris
muscle
muscle muscle
6. The graceful or slender
3. The articular muscle of the 4.The popliteus muscle muscle
knee
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THE REGION OF THE THIGH
The muscular space resides below the
inguinal ligament on the lateral side.
It is bounded:
• medially — by the thickened region of the
fascial layer — iliopectineal arch, in the
front and above — by the inguinal
ligament,
• laterally and in the back — by the ilium.
The muscular space gives passage to the
iliopsoas and femoral nerve.